CHAPTERS 14/15: POLYMER STRUCTURES, APPLICATIONS, & PROCESSING
CHAPTERS 14/15: POLYMER STRUCTURES, APPLICATIONS, & PROCESSING
ISSUES TO ADDRESS...
? What are the basic microstructural features? ? How do these features dictate room T tensile response?
? Hardening, anisotropy, and annealing in polymers.
? How does the mechanical response compare between ceramics and metals at elevated temperatures?
POLYMERS
Polymers are materials comprised of long molecular chains. Most polymers are carbon based and have relatively low melting points.
Typical plastic extrusion products.
Synthetic fabrics are man-made copies of natural fabrics (Velcro).
Liquid crystals are also polymers.
The principle of operation of a LCD
POLYMERS
? A polymer is a macromolecule (long molecules) built of small covalently bonded units called monomers ("mer" from the Greek word meros meaning part).
? These small units are repeated throughout the macromolecule chain.
? The macromolecules are bonded together by weak Van der Waals and hydrogen (secondary) bonds, or additional covalent cross-links.
POLMER MICROSTRUCTURE
? Polymer = many mers
? Covalent chain configurations and strength:
Direction of increasing strength
The Polymers: Classification
The main classes of polymers are: ? Natural polymers
Example: cellulose and protein, which provide the mechanical basis for most plant and animal life ? Thermoplastics, which soften on heating Example: polyethylene ? Thermosets or Resins, which harden when two components are heated together Example: an epoxy ? Elastomers or Rubbers
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