017 028 CH02 SN 896279 3/29/10 10:47 PM Page 17 User-040 ...
Name
Motion
Before You Read
Before you read the chapter, respond to these statements. 1. Write an A if you agree with the statement. 2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.
Before You Read
Motion
? Distance and displacement are the same thing.
? Velocity and speed are the same.
? Whenever an object accelerates, its speed increases.
Date
Construct the Foldable as directed at the beginning of this chapter.
Science Journal
Write a paragraph descibing three rides in an amusement park and how rides cause you to move.
Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Motion 17
Name
Date
Motion
Section 1 Describing Motion
Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Skim Section 1 of the chapter. Read the headings and illustration captions. Write three questions that come to mind. 1. 2. 3.
Review Vocabulary Define meter to reflect its scientific meaning.
meter the SI unit of length, abbreviated m
New Vocabulary Use your book to define the words below.
motion a change in an object's position relative to a reference point distance how far an object travels along its path displacement the distance and direction of an object's change in position from
the starting point speed the distance an object travels per unit of time
average speed instantaneous speed
Contrast the average speed and the instantaneous speed of a runner in a race. The runner's average speed is a single number, the total distance divided by the time the runner took. The instantaneous speed is how fast the runner is moving at any given moment. The instantaneous speed is probably different in different parts of the race.
Academic Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define position with its scientific meaning.
position the location of an object in relation to a reference point
18 Motion
Name Section 1 Describing Motion (continued)
Date
Motion and Position
I found this information
on page
.
SE, pp. 45?46
RE, p. 26
Draw a winding path that covers a distance of 70 miles and finishes with a displacement 20 miles southwest of the starting point. Label your diagram with the distance and direction traveled.
It is easier to see distance and direction on graph paper. Accept all reasonable responses.
Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Speed
I found this information
on page
.
SE, pp. 46?49
RE, pp. 27?28
Analyze the formula for speed by looking at the diagram and filling in the prompts.
Put your finger over the s on the diagram. Now write the formula
for speed. s dt
d
s t
Put your finger over the d on the diagram. Write the calculation to
find distance when you know speed and time. d st
Prove to yourself that these formulas are correct by checking the units.
speed
(units
of
km h
or
m) s
disttaimncee(( uunnititssooff hk mor osr) m)
distance (units of km ) speed (units of khm) time (units of h )
Note that the units always turn out the same on both sides of the equation. Accept reasonable variations on units.
Motion 19
Distance (m) Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Name Section 1 Describing Motion (continued)
Date
Graphing Motion
I found this information
on page
.
SE, pp. 49?50
RE, p. 29
Create a graph to show the progress of a runner who runs a 1-kilometer race in 3 minutes. The runner gets off to a fast start, runs the middle of the race at a more moderate pace, and then sprints to the finish.
1,000
Graphing Motion
Graphing Checklist:
? title
? scale on x-axis
? units on x-axis
500
? label on x-axis
? scale on y-axis
? units on y-axis
1
2
Time (min)
3
? label on y-axis
ANALYZE IT Analyze the following statement. "A boat traveled at 10 km/h for one hour, then at 13 km/h for two hours, and finally at 11 km/h for another hour. The average speed over the whole trip was 15 km/h." Support your analysis with a calculation. The statement is not reasonable. The average speed has to be somewhere in the middle
of the speeds given. It is impossible to have an average speed higher than the
individual speeds. If the numbers for each part of the trip are correct, the overall distance
covered must be (10 1) (13 2) (11 1) 47 kilometers in four hours, for an
average speed of 47/4 11.75 km/h, not 15 km/h.
20 Motion
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