412 Laboratory #1: Input Resistance, Output Resistance ...
412 Laboratory #6: Effects of DC Bias on Small-Signal Output
Objective: To gain understanding about how proper biasing of a BJT circuit allows for maximum output.
Components List:
(1) 510( resistor, (2) 1-k( resistors, (1) 1.5-k( resistors,
(1) 2.2-k( resistor, (1) 3.6-k( resistor, (1) 3.9-k( resistor,
(2) 22-(F capacitors, (1) 3904 NPN transistor.
Procedure:
1. Construct the following circuit on a breadboard.
2. Set vi (t) to be a 100-mV pp sine wave at 2 kHz. Carefully measure and record the total output signal vO(t).
Q1: What is the apparent (i.e., measured) small-signal gain, Avo? What is the apparent time average (i.e., DC) value of vO(t)?
3. Increase the amplitude of vi (t) until either the top or bottom of the output waveform just begins to clip (i.e., distort). Carefully measure and record the total output signal vO(t), as well as the input amplitude of vi (t). Increase the input amplitude further and note how the output signal severely distorts.
Q2: Perform a DC analysis on this circuit. What are the maximum and minimum values (i.e., limits L- and L+) of the total output voltage vO(t) where the BJT will remain in the active region? Using the DC value of VO obtained in your analysis, predict the amplitude of the largest sinwave signal that can exist at the output without being distorted. Use these analysis results to explain the output signal measurement you made here.
4. Change RC to 510 ( and vi (t) back to 100 mV pp. Carefully measure and record the total output signal vO(t).
Q3: What is the apparent (measured) small-signal gain and time average (DC) value of vO(t)?
5. Increase the amplitude of vi (t) until either the top or bottom of the output waveform just begins to clip (i.e., distort). Carefully measure and record the total output signal vO(t), as well as the input amplitude of vi (t). Increase the input amplitude further and note how the output signal severely distorts.
Q4: Perform a DC analysis on this circuit. What are the maximum and minimum values (i.e., limits L- and L+) of the total output voltage vO(t) where the BJT will remain in the active region? Using the DC value of VO obtained in your analysis, predict the amplitude of the largest sinwave signal that can exist at the output without being distorted. Use these analysis results to explain the output signal measurement you made here.
6. Change RC to 1.5 k( and vi (t) back to 100 mV pp. Carefully measure and record the total output signal vO(t).
Q5: What is the apparent (measured) small-signal gain and time average (DC) value of vO(t)?
7. Increase the amplitude of vi (t) until either the top or bottom of the output waveform just begins to clip (i.e., distort). Carefully measure and record the total output signal vO(t), as well as the input amplitude of vi (t). Increase the input amplitude further and note how the output signal severely distorts.
Q6: Perform a DC analysis on this circuit. What are the maximum and minimum values (i.e., limits L- and L+) of the total output voltage vO(t) where the BJT will remain in the active region? Using the DC value of VO obtained in your analysis, predict the amplitude of the largest sinwave signal that can exist at the output without being distorted. Use these analysis results to explain the output signal measurement you made here.
Q7: Which of the three values of RC would you use in an amplifier circuit, and why?
-----------------------
+
_
- +
2.2 k(
3.6 k(
+15V
1 k(
22 mðF
1 k( = RC
+15V
vi(t)
vO(t)
22 mðF
3.9 k(
6 k(
+15V
1 k(
22 μF
1 k( = RC
+15V
vi(t)
vO(t)
22 μF
3.9 k(
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