Binary Images - RIT
[Pages:45]Binary Images
u The simplest digital images are binary images. Binary images contain only one bit per pixel, so they can only represent two gray values. For example;
0 = black 1 = white
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Computer Memory & Storage
u If we want an image that has more than two gray levels, we have to increase the number of `bits per pixel'
binary: just white or black
grayscale: many shades of gray
Computer Memory & Storage
1 bit pixel
0 1 2 gray levels
2 bits pixel
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 2x2 = 4 gray levels
Computer Memory & Storage
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 bits 0 1 1 pixel 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2x2x2 = 8 gray levels
Computer Memory & Storage
u We started to look at the bits as tokens to represent different values, but we ended up with a binary counting system.
u The largest number we can count to (and the number of different gray levels we can have) depends on how many bits we use.
000 = 0 001 = 1 010 = 2 011 = 3 100 = 4 101 = 5 110 = 6 111 = 7 ... = .
Grayscale images
u To get more than two gray values, we need a code with more than one bit per pixel.
1 bit 0 1
(2 values)
2 bits 00 01 10 11
(4 values)
3 bits 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
(8 values)
Binary Arithmetic
u In binary arithmetic, we can only count from 0 to 1 before we have to `carry'
u To increase the number of different values that can be represented with a binary number, (and the number of gray levels in a digital image) we have to increase the number of bits
binary
0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 10000
...
decimal
0
1 1 bit
2
3 2 bits
4 5 6
7 3 bits
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 4 bits
16
...
Computer Memory & Storage
3 bits/pixel: 8 gray levels 000 111 (0 7)
4 bits/pixel: 16 gray levels 0000 1111 (0 15)
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