Supplementary File 1: List of vegetation indices used in ...

Supplementary File 1: List of vegetation indices used in this work.

Vegetation indices used in the study (adapted from (Agapiou, Hadjimitsis, & Alexakis, 2012; Lehnert, Meyer, & Bendix, 2016; Main et al., 2011; Odilbekov, Armonien?, Henriksson, & Chawade, 2018))

No Abbr 1 ARI

2 ARI2 3 BGI 4 SB703/Boochs

5 SB720/Boochs2 6 BRI

CAI 7 8

CARI

9 Ctr 10 Ctr2 11 Ctr3 12 Ctr4 13 Ctr5 14 Ctr6

Name Anthocyanin Reflectance Index

Anthocyanin Reflectance index 2 Blue Green Pigment Index Single Band 703 Boochs

Single Band 720 Boochs 2 Browning Reflectance Index Cellulose Absorption Index

Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index

Carter Carter 2 Carter 3 Carter 4 Carter 5 Carter 6

Formula (1/R550) - (1/R700)

R800(1/R550) - (1/R700) R450/R550 D703

D720 R450/R690 0.5 * (R2000 + R2200) ? R2100

R700 * abs(a * 670 + R670 + b)/R670 * (2 + 1)0.5 = (R700 - R550)/150 b = R550 - (550 *) R695/R420 R695/R760 R605/R760 R710/R760 R695/R670 R550

Reference (A. A. Gitelson, Merzlyak, & Chivkunova, 2001) (A. A. Gitelson et al., 2001) (P. Zarco-Tejada et al., 2005) (Boochs, Kupfer, Dockter, & K?hbauch, 1990) (Boochs et al., 1990) (P. Zarco-Tejada et al., 2005) (Nagler, Inoue, Glenn, Russ, & Daughtry, 2003) (Kim, Daughtry, Chappelle, McMurtrey, & Walthall, 1994)

(Carter, 1994) (Carter, 1994) (Carter, 1994) (Carter, 1994) (Carter, 1994) (Carter, 1994)

15 CI

16 CI2

17 ClAInt

18 CRI

19 CRI1 20 CRI2 21 CRI3 22 CRI4 23 D1

24 D2

25 Datt 26 Datt2 27 Datt3 28 Datt4 29 Datt5 30 Datt6 31 Datt7 32 Datt8 33 DD

Coloration Index

Coloration Index 2

Carotenoid Reflectance Index

Carotenoid Reflectance Index 1 Carotenoid Reflectance Index 2 Carotenoid Reflectance Index 3 Carotenoid Reflectance Index 4 Derivative index

Derivative index

Datt Datt 2 Datt 3 Datt 4 Datt 5 Datt 6 Datt 7 Datt 8 Double Difference Index

R675 * R690/R2683

R760/R700 - 1 (1/R510) - (1/R550)

735

600

1/R515 - 1/R550 1/R515 - 1/R770 1/R515 - 1/R550 * R770 1/R515 - 1/R700 * R770 D730/D706

D705/D722

(R850 - R710)/(R850 - R680) R850/R710 D754/D704 R672/(R550 * R708) R672/R550 R860/(R550 * R708) (R860 - R2218)/(R860 - R1928) (R860 - R1788)/(R860 - R1928) (R749 - R720) - (R701 - R672)

(P. J. Zarco-Tejada, Pushnik, Dobrowski, & Ustin, 2003) (A. A. Gitelson, Gritz, & Merzlyak, 2003) (Oppelt & Mauser, 2004)

(A. A. Gitelson, Zur, Chivkunova, & Merzlyak, 2002) (A. A. Gitelson et al., 2003) (A. A. Gitelson et al., 2003) (A. A. Gitelson et al., 2003) (A. A. Gitelson et al., 2003) (P. J. Zarco-Tejada, Pushnik, et al., 2003) (P. J. Zarco-Tejada, Pushnik, et al., 2003) (B. Datt, 1999) (B. Datt, 1999) (B. Datt, 1999) (Bisun Datt, 1998) (Bisun Datt, 1998) (Bisun Datt, 1998)

(le Maire, Fran?ois, & Dufr?ne, 2004)

34 DDn 35 DPI

36 DWSI1

37 DWSI2 38 DWSI3 39 DWSI4 40 DWSI5 41 EGFN

42 EGFR 43 EVI

44 GDVI2 45 GDVI3 46 GDVI4

47 GI

48 -

49 50 GMI1 51 GMI2 52 Green NDVI

New Double Difference Index Double Peak Index

Disease water stress index 1

Disease water stress index 2 Disease water stress index 3 Disease water stress index 4 Disease water stress index 5 Edge green first derivative normalized difference

Edge green first derivative ratio Enhanced Vegetation Index

Green Difference Vegetation Index 2 Green Difference Vegetation Index 3 Green Difference Vegetation Index 4 Greenness Index

Gitelson

Gitelson 2 Gitelson and Merzlyak Index 1 Gitelson and Merzlyak Index 2 Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

2 * (R710 - R660 - R760) (D688 - D710)/D2697

R800/R1660

R1660/R550 R1660/R680 R550/R680 (R800 + R550)/(R1660 + R680) (max(D650:750) - max(D500:550))/ (max(D650:750) + max(D500:550)) max(D650:750)/ max(D500:550) 2.5 * ((R800 - R670)/(R800 - (6 * R670) - (7.5 * R475) + 1))

(R2800 - R2680)/(R2800 + R2680) (R3800 - R3680)/(R3800 + R3680) (R4800 - R4680)/(R4800 + R4680) R554/R677

1/R700

(R750 - R800)/(R695 - R740) - 1 R750/R550 R750/R700 (R800 - R550)/(R800 + R550)

(le Maire et al., 2008)

(P. J. Zarco-Tejada, Pushnik, et al., 2003) (Apan, Held, Phinn, & Markley, 2004) (Apan et al., 2004)

(Apan et al., 2004)

(Apan et al., 2004)

(Apan et al., 2004)

(Pe?uelas, Gamon, Fredeen, Merino, & Field, 1994) (Pe?uelas et al., 1994)

(A.R. Huete, Liu, Batchily, & Van Leeuwen, 1997) (W. Wu, 2014)

(W. Wu, 2014)

(W. Wu, 2014)

(Smith, Adams, Stephens, & Hick, 1995) (A. A. Gitelson, Buschmann, & Lichtenthaler, 1999) (A. A. Gitelson et al., 2003)

(A. A. Gitelson & Merzlyak, 1998)

(A. A. Gitelson & Merzlyak, 1998)

(A. A. Gitelson, Kaufman, & Merzlyak, 1996)

53 GVI

54 LIC 55 LRDSI1 56 LRDSI2 57 LWVI1 58 LWVI2 59 60 MCARI

61 MCARI1 62 MCARI2 63 MCARI2/OSAVI2 64 MCARI/OSAVI 65 mNDVI 66 mNDVI2 67 MPRI

68 mREIP 69 mSAVI

70 MSI

Greenness Vegetation Index

(R682 - R553)/(R682 + R553)

Lichtenthaler indices

R440/R690

Leaf Rust Disease Severity Index 1

6.9*(R605/R455)-1.2

Leaf Rust Disease Severity Index 2 Normalized Difference 1094/983 Leaf water VI 1 Normalized Difference 1094/1205 Leaf water VI 2 Maccioni

4.2 * (R695/R455) - 0.38 (R1094 - R983) / (R1094 + R983) (R1094 - R1205) / (R1094 + R1205) (R780 - R710)/(R780 - R680)

Modified Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index ((R700 - R670) - 0.2 * (R700 - R550)) * (R700/R670)

Modified Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index 1.2(2.5(R790-R670)-1.3(R790-R550)) 1

Modified Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index ((R750 - R705) - 0.2 * (R750 -R550)) * (R750/R705) 2

MCARI2/OSAVI2

MCARI2/OSAVI

Modified NDVI

(R800 - R680)/(R800 + R680 ? 2 * R445)

Modified NDVI 2

(R750 - R705)/( R750 + R705 -2 * R445)

Modified Photochemical Reflectance Index

(R515 - R530)/(R515 + R530)

Modified Red-Edge Inflection Point Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index

Moisture Stress Index

Modified REIP with inverted Gaussian fit on reflectance 0.5 * (2 * R800 + 1- ((2 * R800 + 1)2 ? 8 * (R800 - R670))0.5)

R1600/R817

(Gandia, Fern?ndez, Garc?a, & Moreno, 2004) (Lichtenthaler, Lang, Sowinska, Heisel, & Mieh?, 1996) (Ashourloo, Mobasheri, & Huete, 2014) (Ashourloo et al., 2014)

(Galv?o, Formaggio, & Tisot, 2005)

(Galv?o et al., 2005)

(Maccioni, Agati, & Mazzinghi, 2001) (Daughtry, Walthall, Kim, De Colstoun, & McMurtrey Iii, 2000) (Haboudane, Miller, Pattey, ZarcoTejada, & Strachan, 2004) (Haboudane et al., 2004)

(C. Wu, Niu, Tang, & Huang, 2008)

(Daughtry et al., 2000)

(Sims & Gamon, 2002)

(Sims & Gamon, 2002)

(Hern?ndez-Clemente, NavarroCerrillo, Su?rez, Morales, & ZarcoTejada, 2011) (Miller, Hare, & Wu, 1990)

(Qi, Chehbouni, Huete, Kerr, & Sorooshian, 1994) (Hunt Jr. & Rock, 1989)

71 mSR 72 mSR2 73 mSR3 74 mSR705 75 MTCI 76 mTVI 77 MVSR 78 NDVI4

79 NDLI

80 NDNI

81 NDVI 82 NDVI2 83 NDVI3 84 NPCI 85 NPQI

86 NRI 87 OSAVI 88 OSAVI2 89 RARS

90 PhRI 91 PRI

modified Simple Ratio

(R800-R445)/(R680-R445)

modified Simple Ratio 2

(R750/R705) -1/(R750/R705) + 1)0.5

modified Simple Ratio 3

(R800/(R670 - 1))/ (R800/(R670 + 1))0.5

modified Simple Ratio 705

(R750 - R445)/(R705-R445)

MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index

(R754 - R709)/(R709 - R681)

modified Triangular Vegetation Index

1.2 * (1.2 * (R800 - R550) - 2.5 * (R670 - R550))

Modified Vegetation Stress Ratio

R723/R700

Narrow-Band Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (R850 - R680)/(R850 + R680)

Normalized Difference Lignin Index Normalized Difference Nitrogen Index Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

(log(1/ R1754) - log(1/ R1680))/(log(1/ R1754) + log(1/ R1680)

(log(1/ R1510) - log(1/ R1680))/(log(1/ R1510) + log(1/ R1680))

(R800 - R680)/(R800 + R680)

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 2

(R750 - R705)/(R750 + R705)

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 3

(R682 - R553)/(R682 + R553)

Normalized Pigment Chlorophyll Index

(R680 - R430)/(R680 + R430)

Normalized Difference 415/435 Normalized Phaeophytinization Index

(R415-R435)/(R415+R435)

Nitrogen Reflectance Index

(R570 - R670)/(R570 + R670)

Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index

(1 + 0.16) * (R800-R670)/(R800 + R670 + 0.16)

Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index 2

(1 + 0.16) * (R750-R705)/(R750 + R705 + 0.16)

Ratio Analysis of Reflectance Spectra

R746/R513

Physiological Reflectance Index Photochemical Reflectance Index

(R550 - R531)/(R550 + R531) (R531 - R570)/(R531 + R570)

(Sims & Gamon, 2002) (Jing M Chen, 1996) (Jing M. Chen & Cihlar, 1996) (Sims & Gamon, 2002) (Dash & Curran, 2004) (Haboudane et al., 2004) (White, Williams, & Barr, 2008) (Cao et al., 2015) (Serrano, Pe?uelas, & Ustin, 2002)

(Serrano et al., 2002)

(Tucker, 1979) (A. Gitelson & Merzlyak, 1994) (Gandia et al., 2004) (Pe?uelas et al., 1994) (P. J. Zarco-Tejada, Miller, Noland, Mohammed, & Sampson, 2001) (Cao et al., 2015) (Rondeaux, Steven, & Baret, 1996) (C. Wu et al., 2008) (Chappelle, Kim, & McMurtrey, 1992) (Cao et al., 2015) (Gamon, Serrano, & Surfus, 1997)

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