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HEART ATTACKSigns & Symptoms: ________________ : Crushing sensation, aching jaw, sore arms________________ : Feels like indigestion, nausea, vomiting ________________ : Pale skin ________________ : Shortness of breath, heaviness in chest ________________ : FatigueFirst Aid for Heart Attack:Begin ESM – do the Scene SurveyDo a primary survey (Responsive – assess ABCs)Have a bystander call 9-1-1 & retrieve an AED if available.Place casualty in ________________ position, loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist. Reassure the casualty to lessen fear and worry – these cause a heart to ___________________Have casualty chew an ________________ if available.If the casualty loses consciousness and stops breathing, start CPR with ________________ CARDIAC ARRESTSigns & Symptoms:The heart stops completely ________________ Not breathing or not breathing ________________ No signs of ________________ ACT FAST – it only takes ________________ without oxygen for tissue death to occur!First Aid for Cardiac Arrest:Begin ESM – do a Scene SurveyHave a bystander call 9-1-1 & retrieve an ________________ if available.Do a primary survey (________________ )Continue compressions (30) and breaths (2) until AED or medical help arrivesIf casualty regains consciousness, move to secondary survey & ongoing casualty careSTROKECerebrovascular accident (CVA)Blood clot ________________ a narrowed artery or a blood vessel ruptures______________________ beyond blockage diesSigns & Symptoms:Severe ________________ Slurred ________________ Difficulties ________________ ________________ of arm and/or legTests for Stroke: (STR) ________________ (crooked)________________ (difficulty speaking)________________ (one-sided)First Aid for Stroke:Begin ESM – do a Scene SurveyDo a primary survey (________________ – assess ABCs)Have a bystander call 9-1-1 & retrieve an AED if available.Place casualty in ________________ _______ position, loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist. Reassure the casualty & cover with a blanket to maintain warmth.If the casualty loses consciousness and stops breathing, start CPR with compressionsCHOKING ________________ : airway is still open and casualty is coughingFirst Aid: standby and encourage coughing________________ : casualty is unable to cough, speak, or breatheConscious: 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrustsUse palm of hand between shoulder blades for back blowsStand behind casualty (place one foot between theirs for added support if they become unconscious)Use forearms to landmark along top of hipsMake fist and center under rib cageGrasp fist with other handThrust __________ and _________ until casualty’s _______________ ________________________ or casualty becomes ________________ Unconscious: Lower to ground and treat as unconscious casualtySend bystander for medical helpOpen mouth to look for object (if visible, remove it)Assess ABCsAirway – head tilt chin lift, look, listen, feel (no more than 10 seconds)Breathing – not breathing? Begin CPR. Provide 30 chest compressions followed by 2 breaths (________________ head-tilt chin-lift and try again if they do not go in – do not try more than two before moving on to compressions) Circulation? – same strategy is used to clear the airway - 30 compressions ................
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