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Unit 3: Independence and the New Republic, 1754-1800 (11 hours)Readings: Brinkley, Ch. 4-6; Foner, pp. 116-119, 134-135, 154-155, 186-187, 210-211, 228-229; Divine, 100-101, 136-137, 178-179, 186-189, 200-201 (8th Ed.), 123 (9th Ed.)Content Objectives:?Define imperialism.?Explain how British imperialism affected its American colonies.?Assess the origins of democratic ideas in the eighteenth century.?Describe the impact of the French and Indian War on the American colonies.?Examine the political, economic, and social causes of the American Revolution.?Explain the significance of the Declaration of Independence on American history and world history.?Assess the successes and failures of the Articles of Confederation.?Define federalism and separation of powers. Examine how those concepts influenced the framers of the Constitution.?Assess whether the Constitution is a conservative document.?Compare and contrast the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.?Review the impact of Washington’s presidency.?Review the impact of the Adams presidency.?Explain the significance of the Revolution of 1800.Class Discussion Questions for Unit 3:1.How did the Seven Years’ War change the balance of power among the nations of Europe? Who gained and who lost in the war?2.What effect did the war’s outcome have on the European colonies in America?3.Why is the Seven Years’ War described as one of the “most important wars in history”?4.Why were taverns so important in educating colonists about the relationship with Britain?5.The tavern is described as a “mostly male institution” yet women often participated in political activities. Where might women have gathered and discussed political ideas (if not in the tavern)?6.What gathering places today serve the same purposes that taverns did in colonial America?7.How did African slavery differ regionally in eighteenth century North America? What factors led to distinct African-American cultures in the eighteenth century?8.What were the meanings of British liberty in the eighteenth century?9.What concepts and institutions dominated colonial politics in the eighteenth century?10.How did the Seven Years’ War and its outcome affect Britain’s attitude and policies toward its North American colonies?11.What Native Americans fought in the French and Indian War, and how did the war’s outcome affect them? What about Native Americans who did not participate in the war?12.How and why did the colonists’ attitude toward Britain change from the time of the Seven Years’ War to the beginning of the American Revolution?13.What were the philosophical underpinnings of the colonists’ revolt against Britain? What key events sharpened the distinctions between Britain and the colonist in the late 1760s and early 1770s? What were the roots of the Stamp Act controversy? What did the slogan “no taxation without representation” mean, and why was it a rallying cry for the colonists? What unified the colonists and what divided them at the time of the revolution?14.How has the debate over the origins of the American Revolution shifted over time? What are some reasons for the changing interpretations?15.In what way was the American Revolution an ideological struggle? In what way was the American Revolution a social and economic conflict? How were American forces able to prevail in the Revolutionary War?16.Discuss the ramifications of using slaves in the British and Continental armies. Why did the British authorize the use of slaves? Why did the Americans? How did the slaves benefit?17.Was the American Revolution a radical event? Why or why not?18.How did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution?19.What other nations were affected by the example of the American Revolution?20.What was the significance of the revolution in Haiti, and how much attention did it get in other nations?21.What questions did the Second Continental Congress debate, and how did it answer them?22.What was the impact of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense on Americans’ view of the war with Britain? Describe how Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence reflected the ideas put forth by philosophers such as John Locke that liberty was a natural right. Why did these documents have such an appeal to colonists of all social classes?23.How and why were the Americans able to prevail in their War for Independence? Trace the growth of colonial cooperation against the British government and the development of an “American” identity.24.What were the ideological ideals of the new state and national governments, and how did those ideals compare with the realities of American society? How did equality and religious liberty become stronger components of American freedom after the Revolution? How did the definition of economic freedom change after the Revolution, and who benefited from the changes?25.How did the Revolution diminish the freedoms of both Loyalists and Native Americans? How did the Revolution affect the status of women and slaves?26.Why did the Revolution cause more radical changes in Pennsylvania than elsewhere, and how was this radicalism demonstrated in the new state constitution? What were the most important features of of the new state constitutions?27.Even after the American Revolution, conservatives denied that freedom and equality were synonymous, and opposed the growth of democracy. How did conservatives resist democratization in the South? 28.What was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation? What were the achievements and problems of the Confederation government?29.How did the Revolution affect the role of religion and the position of churches in American society?30.Is the Constitution a conservative, liberal, or radical document? Did the framers consider the Constitution something “finished” (with the exception of constitutional amendments), or did they consider it a document that would evolve in response to changes in society over time?31.What major compromises molded the final content of the Constitution?32.Which parts of the Constitution suggest that the framers’ intent was to create a strong, centralized political system? Which parts suggest that the framers intent was to create a decentralized system with heavy emphasis on individual rights? How did the definition of citizenship exclude Native Americans and African Americans?33.Although many amendments have been proposed, only twenty-seven amendments have been added to the Constitution. Why do you think so few have been added?34.How did the Constitution of 1787 attempt to resolve the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? 35.What role did the Federalist Papers play in the battle over ratification of the Constitution?36.What issues made the politics of the 1790s so divisive? 37.What was the “Revolution of 1800” and in what way was it a revolution?38.What characteristics define a society?39.Why do people form governments?40.How should societies settle disputes? Why war? ................
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