University of Missouri–St. Louis



Cultural Geography – Geog 2001

Test 2 Study Guide: Chapters 5, 6, 7, & 12

J. Naumann

1) What is a literary tradition?

2) What is the language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world?

3) What is the term for a group of languages that share a common ancestor before recorded history?

4) What are the two largest language families in the world?

5) What is the most widely spoken Indo-European language? .

6) What are the two most important languages in South America?

7) Chinese is written in what specific form?

8) What is the most important language family in Southern India?

9) What is the most important language family in Sub-Saharan Africa?

10) English is part of which language branch?

11) English is part of which language family?

12) Which are the Romance languages?

13) Urdu is the most important language in which country? .

14) Russian is part of what language branch?

15) Why is English the most important language in North America?

16) Germanic invaders of England included which tribes? Angles, Saxons, & Jutes

17) A regional variation of a language distinguished by a distinctive vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation is called what?.

18) British and American English differ in what ways? Pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, prevalent dialects

19) Immigrants from the most diverse backgrounds settled in which American colonies?

20) what is a lingua franca?

21) Basque is spoken primarily in what area?

22) The Flemings and Walloons speak languages belonging to what different level?

23) What are the official languages in Switzerland? Italian, Romansh, French, German

24) Hebrew is an example of what kind of language? a revived language

25) What is the status of the Celtic languages? .

26) According to Colin Rehfrew's Anatolian hearth theory, Indo-European languages diffused across Europe by what process?

27) what is the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment?

28) What is a universalizing religion? Give examples.

29) Define the term ethnic religion. Give examples.

30) Which is the world's largest universalizing religion?.

31) Which is the world's largest ethnic religion?

32) Eastern Orthodoxy is an example of what category of Christianity? .

33) What is a large and fundamental division within a religion? .

34) What is a division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body?

35) What is a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination?

36) Which is the dominant branch of Islam?

37) Which is the dominant branch of Islam in Iran?

38) The largest populations of Muslims are clustered in what part of the world?

39) Which religion is currently the most important in the homeland region of the ONE man who founded it?

40) Christianity first diffused from its hearth through what type of diffusion?

41) How does Buddhism differ from other universalizing religions?

42) Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily for what reason? .

43) A mosque differs from a church in what way? .

44) What is the final destination of the hajj, a pilgrimage expected of all healthy Muslims with adequate financial resources?

45) What is especially important in Confucianism?

46) What is the term for the belief in the existence of only one god?

47) Followers of which religions trace their origin to Abraham?

48) What is the term for a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe?

49) Which ethnic religion follows a lunar calendar?

50) Which universalizing religion follows a lunar calendar?

51) Worship in Hinduism is most likely to take place where?

52) What is the term for a literal interpretation and a strict and intense adherence to basic principles of a religion?

53) The situation (violence & terrorism) in Northern Ireland is the result of what factors?.

54) What is the goal of the majority of people living in Northern Ireland?

55) The 1947 United Nations partition plan dividing Palestine placed Jerusalem under whose control?

56) Adherents of which religion have controlled the Holy Land for most of the past 1,500 years?

57) Ethnicity in the US is controversial for what reasons?

58) Which is us the largest ethnicity in the United States?

59) How might one best describe the distribution of ethnicities in the United States?

60) African Americans are clustered in what area of the United States?

61) Latinos and Hispanics are clustered in what areas of the United States?

62) The largest Hispanic/Latino groups in the United States are from which two countries?

63) Native Americans and Alaska Natives make up what percentage of the total United States population?

64) At the regional scale, Los Angeles has what kind of ethnic distribution?

65) Ethnic identity for descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through what channels?.

66) What has been the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in the United States?

67) Racism is a belief in what?

68) Who were limited by restrictive covenants under Jim Crow laws?

69) How is white flight largely described?

70) What is nationality?

71) The concept that nationalities have the right to govern themselves is known as what right?

72) What is the term for loyalty and devotion to a nationality?.

73) In 1991 the Soviet Union broke up into 15 states. Name these newly created sovereign governments.

74) Russia's current unity as a multinational state is threatened by which ethnic region that desires its own independence?

75) Tensions between Pakistan and India are based upon an unresolved border conflict in what disputed region?

76) Sri Lanka has experienced continuing ethnic conflict between whom? .

77) The process by which a more powerful group forcible removes a less powerful group is called what?.

78) Conflict in Africa is widespread because of what situations? .

79) What were reasons for ethnic conflict in Ethiopia?

80) In what small African country has violence cycled between the two dominant ethnic groups, Hutus and Tutsis?

81) The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused by what situation?

82) Balkanization specifically refers to what?

83) Which region underwent ethnic cleansing by Serbia in the late 1990s and declared its independence in 2008?

84) Why is identifying the world's largest cities particularly difficult?

85) According to the Demographia website, what are the only three world cities that have at least 20 million residents?

86) Which were the four hearths from which the concept of urban settlements diffused throughout the ancient world?

87) What was Europe's largest city for nearly 1,000 years?

88) Describe the relationship between urbanization and the Industrial Revolution.

89) In what year did the population of urban settlements exceed that of rural settlements for the first time in human history?

90 In what less-developed region are the levels of urbanization comparable to those of the more developed regions?

91) Define the term basic economic activity? Give examples:

92) One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region has been what?

93) What term means a community's collection of basic industries?

94) Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it does what for the community?

95) What constitutes the largest portion of the service sector, with nearly one half of all jobs?

96) What is the purpose of public services?

97) Which are the four leading world cities, as based on their extent and type of business services?

98) Which are the only two cities in both the top ten world cites and the ten largest cities?

99) What is the area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted called?

100) In his study of the factors that attract talented people to U.S. cities, Richard Florida determined that the most important attraction a city had was what?.

101 A market area is a good example of what kind of region?

102) The patterns of larger settlements demonstrates what characteristics?

103) Describe a primate city.

104) According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related to what?

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