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In the mid-1800s, Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, conducted a series of experiments that

laid the groundwork for the science of genetics. Mendel was interested in plant breeding and

used pea plants in his breeding experiments. He worked with seven pea-plant traits: seed

shape (round or wrinkled), seed color (yellow or green), flower color (purple or white), flower

position (axial or terminal), pod color (green or yellow), pod shape (inflated or constricted),

and plant stem height (tall or short).

Punnett Squares A simple diagram called a Punnett

square can be used to predict the possible genotypes

of offspring that will result from a cross between

plants or other organisms with known genotypes.

The Punnett square was originated by Reginald

Crundall Punnett, an English geneticist.

In addition to predicting the possible genotypes

of offspring, a Punnett square can be used to predict

the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of possible off-

spring from a particular cross.

Directions

Complete the Punnett square below, which shows a cross between two white-flowered, tall plants with the geno-

type WwTt. (W is the dominant allele for white flowers, and w is the recessive allele for purple flowers. T is the

dominant allele for tall stem, and t is the recessive allele for short stem.) The possible genotypes of the parents’

gametes are provided. Fill in the squares with the possible genotypes of the offspring. Then use the Punnett square

to predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring.

Punnett Square for Plant Cross WwTt ( WwTt

Unit 3 CHAPTER 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 11

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CHAPTER 10

Diagramming: Predicting Plant Genetic Traits

Enrichment

WT

Wt

wT

wt

WT

Wt

wT

wt

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