C



8051 EVALUATION AND

TRAINING KIT

(8051ETK)

USER MANUAL

April 22, 2006

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

II. FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS

III. SAFETY GUIDELINES

IV. PACKAGE CONTENTS

V. QUICK START GUIDE

VI. 8051ETK BOARD LAYOUT

VII. HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

a. POWER MODULE

b. RESET CIRCUIT

c. DISPLAY MODULE

(i) LED ARRAY

(ii) 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY

(iii) LCD DISPLAY

d. A/ D CONVERSION MODULE

(i) SENSOR AND ANALOGUE INPUT CIRCUIT

(ii) ADCO8O4

e. OUTPUT CONTROL DEVICES

(i) TRIAC (AC SWITCH)

(ii) DARLINGTON TRANSISTOR (DC SWITCH)

(iii) RELAY (AC / DC SWITCH)

f. ANALOGUE COMPARATOR

g. EXTERNAL INTERRUPT AND EVENT SWITCHES

h. SERIAL COMMUNICATION

i. BUZZER

VIII. 8051ETK PROGRAMMER

IX. SOFTWARE

a. KEIL COMPILER

b. EZ-DOWNLOADER

X. COMPONENTS LIST

I. INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

The Intel MCS-51 series of microcontrollers is widely recognized as a standard for incorporation into wide range of products from automatic washing machines, vending machines, digital weighing machines, welding machines, microwave ovens and robot control cards to programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Their simplicity makes them ideal for situations where it is necessary to quickly set up a control system. The 8051 microcontroller is versatile and easily programmable. It finds extensive applications in automation because of its simple architecture and built in I/O capabilities. The use of this controller considerably reduces the chip count.

8051 Evaluation and Training Kit ( 8051ETK ) is based on AT89C51 and is designed specifically for studying the functionality of MCS-51 microcontrollers through experimentation. It is a dynamic learning platform, specifically designed keeping in view the requirements of both small scale and large scale projects. 8051ETK is a multi-purpose development kit and is used for implementing prototypes for evaluation. The 8051ETK is aimed to train a wide range of users from beginners to technicians, students, hardware designers and experienced engineers. Using 8051ETK just about anyone can easily implement a prototype for evaluation.

8051ETK is also designed with features which make it ideal as a first step educational tool, as well as an advanced and powerful development platform.

The manual contains a start-up guide and a walk-through of the major modules and components of the kit and their functionalities.It also contains

INTRODUCTION

Comprehensive block diagrams and figures of the kit, safety precautions for using the kit and maximum and minimum power ratings.

Sample codes, tutorials, lectures and datasheets of all the components used are given in the 8051ETK CD.

The 8051ETK kit also includes 8051ETK Programmer for burning Hex file into the microcontroller. The EZ-Downloader is the software of programmer which is also available on the CD supplied with the kit.

It is hoped that the user will have as much pleasure using the kit as we had designing it!

“The Design Team”

II. FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS

FEATURE AND SPECIFICATIONS

The salient features of the board are as under:-

▪ On Board Regulated Power Supply

▪ 8 bit A/D Module for Real Time Data Acquisition

▪ RS232 Interface

▪ Expandable (can be interfaced with other devices and hardware) and flexible

▪ Output Devices includes:

o 8 x LEDs

o 4 x Seven Segment Displays

o 2 x 20 Line LCD

o 3 x status LEDs

o Power Supply

o Condition monitoring

o Relay status

o 1 x Triac (for AC load)

o 1 x Darlington ( for DC load)

o 1x DPDT 12 V DC Relay

▪ Buzzer

▪ ZIF Socket for Microcontroller

▪ 5 x Momentary Switches

▪ Prototype Area ( Plated Through Hole on 0.1” x 0.1” Grid )

▪ All ICs mounted on bases

III. SAFETY GUIDELINES

SAFETY GUIDELINES

This section contains notices intended to ensure personal safety, as well as to protect the products and connected equipment against damage.

▪ Always use the recommended power supply or power ratings.

▪ Do not remove any component while the power is switched on.

▪ Do not remove the microcontroller from the programmer during the burning process. Doing so may end up in damaging the controller permanently.

▪ While mounting the microcontroller on the ZIF sockets (of both Development board and Programmer), keep in mind the correct direction of the microcontroller.

▪ While testing any of the output displays (LED array, 7-segment or LCD), select the jumpers according to the guidelines (given in corresponding section) for correct functionality.

▪ Avoid continuous non-multiplexed glow of LEDs or 7-Segment Display due to power rating constraints of on board regulators etc

▪ While plugging the LCD cable, keep in mind the correct direction of the cable.

▪ Do not adjust the pot knobs without going through the details of their working. Doing so may disturb the resolution of ADC.

▪ Do not touch the heat sinks, they may singe.

IV. PACKAGE CONTENTS

PACKAGE CONTENTS

The complete kit contains the following items and may be checked accordingly:

▪ 8051ETK Evaluation and Training kit.

▪ 8051ETK Programmer.

▪ User Manual.

▪ Serial Cable.

▪ AC Adapter.

▪ HD44780 20 × 2 Line LCD.

▪ Data Cable for LCD.

▪ 8051ETK CD which includes:-

o Keil µVision2 Software - Full Version (4K).

o E-Z Downloader Software.

o Sample Codes in C and Assembly language.

o Lectures on 8051 Microcontroller.

o Computer Based Tutorials for use of Keil µVi-sion2 Software.

o Datasheets of ICs used.

V. QUICK START GUIDE

QUICK START GUIDE

Following are the steps for quick start of 8051ETK:

▪ Install Keil µVision2 software and write a simple C or assembly language program.

▪ Compile, debug and link.

▪ Create hex file.

▪ Plug power adapter to 8051ETK Programmer.

▪ Insert MCS-51 microcontroller into the programmer ZIF socket in the right direction.

▪ Burn generated hex file into the microcontroller.

▪ Insert programmed microcontroller in 8051ETK Development Board ZIF socket.

▪ Turn on power switch and run code

VI. 8051ETK BOARD LAYOUT

8051ETK BOARD LAYOUT

VII. HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

In 8051ETK board, all the four ports of the microcontroller are fully used and yet are flexible for external / specific use by the user. For this purpose, P0, P1, and P2 have been provided with 2x4 headers for external use. The headers are identified by Port 0, Port 1 and Port 2 on the board. The lay out of the headers is shown in the FIG 1.

As P0 of the microcontroller needs external pull up resistors, a resistor pack RP2 of (8x4.7K) is connected with Port 0.

P2 on the 8051ETK board is so connected that its output / control signals can be either activated or deactivated. For this purpose, Port 2 of the microcontroller is connected to controlling the on-board devices through an 8 x DIP switch SW2 as shown in the schematic of FIG 2. The devices can be isolated from the Port if the switches are at off position.

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

Hardware of the 8051ETK board has been divided into various modules which are explained as follow.

a. POWER MODULE

The kit is supplied with an AC Adapter of the following electrical ratings and is the main source of Power Supply:

Input Voltage : 220 VAC

Output Voltage : 16 VDC

Output Current : 800 mA

The output of the adapter is connected to the AC / DC IN connector on the board, which has the capability to get AC as well as DC input voltage. In case of AC input, the AC voltage is converted to DC through a bridge rectifier “B" and filter circuit comprising capacitors C2, C3 and C4. If adapter is not available DC input (16 - 18V DC) can also be applied to the DC IN connector on the board through a bench-top power supply. After applying the proper rated input to the board, it is passed through on board voltage regulators 7812 and 7805 for 12V DC and 5V DC respectively. These voltages are used for proper functioning of the board. PWR LED will lit if board supply is proper. The schematic of power supply circuit is shown in FIG-4.

Power Enable / disable Jumpers (12V, 5V, GND), shown in FIG 3 are provided as a safety precaution, fault tracking and for external power supply (if needed).

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

When starting up 8051ETK for the first time remove all three jumpers and check voltages between 12V & GND jumper and 5V & GND jumper respectively, using a multimeter. To start-up 8051ETK insert all three jumpers again and switch ON power supply. Removing a single jumper will disable 8051ETK as current will not be delivered to the board.

If for a particular project, user feels that on-board regulator’s ratings are insufficient then these regulators can be bypassed and external supply of sufficient rating can be connected to these jumpers as shown:

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

b. RESET CIRCUIT

The reset input is the RST pin, which is the input two a Schmitt trigger. The reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin high for at least two machine cycles, while the oscillator is running.

An automatic reset can be obtained when Vcc is turned on by connecting the RST pin to VCC through a 10 micro farad capacitor (C14) and to ground through an 8.2 k resistor (R7) providing the Vcc rise time does not exceed to 10 ms. For manually resetting the controller in 8051ETK board, the yellow RST push button is available on the board. The Power ON Reset and Manual Reset circuit are shown in FIG 5.

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

b. DISPLAY MODULE

In 8051ETK, Port 0 of the microcontroller is connected to three different type of displays ie. LED Array, 7-Segment display and LCD. Each one can be selected through respective jumpers on the board.

(i). LED ARRAY

8 x LEDs named P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3, P0.4, P0.5, P0.6, P0.7 are connected as active high for controlling from Port 0 of the microcontroller through ULN2803. ULN2803 is an 8-bit, 50V, 500mA, TTL-input, NPN Darlington driver. The IC ULN2803 is used for driving high current LEDs. In order to select LEDs out of other Display devices i.e. SSD and LCD, the jumper should be fixed as shown.

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

(ii). 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY

4 Digit, Common Anode, SSD is available on the board. These digits are named DIG1 (MSD), DIG2, DIG3 & DIG4 (LSD). The data bus (7-Segments) of the display is active high and is connected to Port 0 of the microcontroller through ULN2803 as shown in the FIG 7 and FIG 8.

4 Digits, i.e. DIG1, DIG2, DIG3 and DIG4 of SSD are active low and are connected to P2.4, P2.5, P2.6 and P2.7 respectively through transistor switches Q1, Q2, Q3 & Q4 respectively. In order to select the SSD the jumper < LED 7-SEG > should be fixed as [pic]

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

Table 1

|7-SEGs OF SSD |PORT PINS |DIGIT(7-SEG) |PORT PINS |

|a |P0.0 |DS1 |P2.4 |

|b |P0.1 |DS2 |P2.5 |

|c |P0.2 |DS3 |P2.6 |

|d |P0.3 |DS4 |P2.7 |

|e |P0.4 | | |

|f |P0.5 | | |

|g |P0.6 | | |

|dp |P0.7 | | |

(iii). LCD DISPLAY.

Provision has also been kept to attach a 20 x 2 line or 16 x 2 line LCD on the board through 8x2 header connector named LCD Port with ribbon / data cable, provided with the kit. The data bus (D0 ~ D7) of the LCD displays is connected to Port 0 of the microcontroller as given in Table-2.

The control signals of LCD i.e. RS, EN & WR of LCD are connected to P2.7, P2.6 & P2.5 pins respectively. In order to enable the LCD, the jumpers LCD VCC > and LCD GND > should be fixed as [pic]

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

Table 2

|LCD DATA BUS |PORT PINS |LCD CONTROL SIGNALS |PORT PINS |

|D0 |P0.0 |RS |P2.7 |

|D1 |P0.1 |EN |P2.6 |

|D2 |P0.2 |WR |P2.5 |

|D3 |P0.3 | | |

|D4 |P0.4 | | |

|D5 |P0.5 | | |

|D6 |P0.6 | | |

|D7 |P0.7 | | |

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

d. ADC MODULE

8051ETK has an 8-bit A/D Module for real time data acquisition. The core of this module is 8-bit A/D Chip ADC0804 (U3) on the board.

The other major components of the module are LM35 temperature sensor (for analogue input voltage) and LM324 op-amp (for current and voltage amplification).

i) SENSOR AND ANALOGUE INPUT CIRCUIT

Analog IN is a 3-pin terminal on the board and is readily compatible for analogue input voltage through LM35 temperature sensor. The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The output of the temperature sensor is linear with slope 10mV / ºC.

The output of LM35 is to be compatible with input of the ADC. For this purpose the output of LM35 is required to be amplified. This amplification is done through LM324 (U2). LM 324 is a quad op- amp having four independent, high gain op-amps. Connection diagram is shown.The voltage from LM35 is amplified 5 times after a buffer (section A of the LM324), gain of the amplifier

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

(section B of the LM324) can be adjusted through the adjustment pot “Gain” which amplifies the maximum output of LM35 up to 5V which corresponds to 100ºC. It means that total gain of the amplifier required will be

equal to 5 because the output of LM35 is 1V at 100 ºC. Since the amplifier is wired in non-inverting configuration so the gain is expressed as:

If Rin = 10 k , then for Gain of 5, Rf must be equal to 40k.

In 8051ETK, Rin = R5 = 10k and a 50k pot (Gain) is adjusted to have 40k feedback resistance (Rf )

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

(ii) ADC0804

The ADC0804 is an 8-bit, CMOS, successive approximation analog to digital converter, which has a 0-5V analogue input voltage range. It can be easily interfaced to most microprocessors and microcontrollers. It gives an 8-bit digital output with conversion time is set at left, the port will be connected to the comparator output whose status will be readable through software.

When the jumper < Copm LED> is set at right, the port will be connected to the red status LED P2.3 as per schematic 13(c)

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

g. External Interrupts and Event Switches

External interrupt and even counter features of the microcontroller can be simulated through push button INT0, INT1, T0, and T1 on the 8051ETK board.

Pressing these buttons (while external interrupt/event enabled in the software) causes an interrupt (or counts an event) by providing a low pulse on the respective pin. The schematic is show.

The two pin jumpers (Ext INT0, Ext INT1, Ext Event 0, Ext Event 1) provided with each button can be used for taking these interrupts/events form actual system / running project.

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

h. Serial Communication Module

89C51 has a full duplex serial port. It is also a received buffer, meaning it can commence reception of a second byte before a previously received byte has been read from a register. The serial port receive and transmit registers are both accessed at special function register SBUF.

Writing to SBUF load the transmit registers, and the reading SBUF accesses a physically separate receive register.

As 89c51 microcontroller operates at TTL level (0-5V) but RS-232 standard in PCs is not TTL compatible. Its logic levels are -3 ~ -25 V for logic 1 and +3 ~ +25 V for logic 0. The data rate is not too high, and as the cable length increases, the capacity and DC loading effect reduce the noise margin to an unacceptable level. To overcome this short coming and to communicate with non-TTL level (pc serial port) a voltage level interpreter

is needed. This interpretation is done through standard transceiver IC’s like MAX232.

The MAX232 (transceiver) accepts TTL level inputs and converts these two RS 232 output voltage level and also performs the opposite conversion.

On board RS 232 based serial interface has been provided so that serial interfacing with PC is established for communication between the board and PC. Pins P3.0 (TXD) are used for this propose and schematic of this circuit is shown in Fig.20.

HARDWARE DETAILS OF 8051ETK

j. BUZZER

In 8051ETK board, BUZZER is connected to P3.5 of the microcontroller for giving alarms and generating tones of different frequencies depending on the application. It is connected in active low configuration i.e. it sounds by writing “0 “to the port pin in software or by pressing push button T1 which results in completing the circuit by connecting the negative terminal of the buzzer to Ground. The schematic of the buzzer circuit on 8051ETK board is shown in Fig-21 .

VIII. 8051ETK PROGRAMMER

8051ETK PROGRAMMER

The 8051ETK Programmer included in the Kit is used to burn hex files into the microcontroller. It has the same ZIF socket as the 8051ETK Development Board and care must be taken to insert the controller in the right direction into the ZIF socket. The programmer is supplied with 8051ETK Downloader software and the AC adapter. The AC adapter provided is used to power up the Programmer. An LED on the programmer board blinks when the programmer is powered up to indicate it is active. The same LED glows blue and red alternately with greater intensity while a hex file is being burnt into the controller. At the end of the programming the LED resumes its blinking status.

IX. SOFTWARE

SOFTWARE

a) Keil Compiler

Keil µVision2 is an Integrated Development Environment specifically designed to make it easier to get started with application development. It is a GUI platform designed for writing, compiling and simulating MCS-51 based microcontroller applications. Codes can either be written in C language or assembly language. The software includes debugging modules which help the user test applications. Users can simulate UART, I/O ports, interrupts and timers etc. The 8051ETK CD contains Keil µVision2 software and computer based tutorials.

b. EZ-Downloader (EZDL V4.1)

EZ-Downloader software burns the generated hex file into the microcontroller. It has the following functionalities:

a. Reads hex file

b. Erases the previous hex code from the microcontroller

c. Writes the hex file into the target microcontroller

d. Verifies the signature bytes on the microcontroller

e. To Lock & Fast Verify, Check manually the Lock & Fast Verify options shown in the window

-----------------------

GND

C4

C3

GND

2

1

VCC

12V

5V

2

1

2

1

1N4004

D1

S1

DC IN

2

1

+

+

B

-

-

AC2

AC2

C2

+

AC1

AC1

12V IN

DC IN

VCC IN

AC/DC IN

2

1

7812

IN

GND

VOUT

V

2

3

1

+

7805

VOUT

IN

GND

V

2

3

1

12V

R1

V cc

 %

 %

< LED 7-SEG >

 %

 %

FIG 9: LCD Port with Enable / Disable jumpers

LCD GND >

3

2

1

LCD VCC >

3

2

1

DS2/EN

DS1/R■

■

< LED 7-SEG >

■

■

FIG 9: LCD Port with Enable / Disable jumpers

LCD GND >

3

2

1

LCD VCC >

3

2

1

DS2/EN

DS1/RS

DS3/WR

VCC

D6

D4

D2

D7

D5

D3

D1

D0

LCD Port

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

■

■

■

LED

COMP

3

2

1

AC LOAD

DC LOAD

SW2

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

FIG 20: DB9 Connector and MAX232 IC

VCC

RS232

C12

C13

C11

C10

U1

16

15

Z4

12V

Comparator

2

1

COMP

(P2.3)

Q5

12V

R23

Q5

D2

Relay B

3

2

1

Relay A

R28

EXT PWR

Darlington

Relay

DC Load

3

2

1

R27

DAR

2

R22

3

1

FIG 12: ADC0804 interface with microcontroller

_

+

C1

+

R2

C7

VCC

3

2

1

Vin

ADC IN

12V

12V

Gain

R5

R4

R3

U2B

11

4

7

6

5

U2A

11

4

1

2.56V

1.28V

Port 0 Port 1 Port 2

VCC

BUZZER

T1

R10

+

-

[pic]

3

2

Analog IN

VCC

VCC

12V

VREF

Z3

R13

5.12V

2.56V

Z2

R12

C8B

1.28V

Z1

R11

C8A

FIG 8: Seven Segment Displays with transistor switches

dp

g

f

e

d

c

b

a

dp

g

f

e

d

c

b

a

dp

g

f

e

d

c

b

a

< LEDs 7-Seg >

DIG1

dp

dp

g

f

e

d

c

b

a

VCC

e

d

g

c

f

b

a

R34

R33

R32

3

2

1

Q4

Q3

Q2

Q1

DS4

DS2/EN

DS3/WR

DS1/RS

dp

g

f

e

d

c

b

a

VCC

R31

DIG2

dp

dp

g

f

e

d

c

b

a

VCC

e

d

g

c

f

b

a

DIG3

dp

dp

g

f

e

d

c

b

a

VCC

e

d

g

c

f

b

a

DIG4

dp

dp

g

f

e

d

c

b

a

VCC

e

d

g

c

f

b

RLY

Port 2

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

DS4

DS3/WR

DS2/EN

DS1/RS

P2.7

P2.6

P2.5

P2.4

P2.3

P2.2

P2.1

P2.0

Connections to 4 × 2

Header (Port 2)

DIP Switch

VCC

RP1

T1

T0

INT1

INT0

AC Load

3

[pic][pic]

2

INT0

INT1

T0

T1

Ext Event1

2

1

Ext Event0

2

1

Ext INT1

2

1

2

1

Ext INT0

1

LOAD

PHASE

HOT

R29

TRIG

Triac

9

ATMEL

89C51

AT

89C51

10

AT

89C51

AT

89C51

2

7

6

5

4

3

8

1

RXD

TXD

5

9

4

8

3

7

2

6

LM324

COMP

3

2

1

P2.3

< Comp LED >

LED

U2C

11

4

8

10

9

■

FIG 2: DIP Switch Configuration

FIG 1: Port Headers

FIG 4: Power Supply Circuit

FIG 5: Reset Circuit

FIG 6: LED Array

FIG 7: Port 0 Connections with ULN2803

■

■

■

a

1

FIG 10: LM35 Temperature Sensor

FIG 11: Analogue input and Amplification circuit

ADC ENB >

FIG 13: VREF AND VREF / 2 Adjustments

FIG 15: Triac Connections with optocoupler and load connector

FIG 14: Optocouplers and their status LEDs

4N25

MOC3041

P2.2

HOT

TRIG

DAR

EXT PWR

R25

P2.1

P2.0

VCC

P2.1

P2.0

4N25

Q5

P2.2

R24

12V

FIG 17: Relay Connections with optocoupler

and load connector

FIG 16: Darlington Connections with optocoupler

and load connector

FIG 18: (a) Analogue Comparator (b) Selection jumper (c) Status LED

FIG 19: (a) Push Buttons (b) Jumpers for External connections

1

FIG 21: Buzzer Interface

FIG 22: (a) Master Controller Inserted, showing the

Direction of Target Controller

(b) Target Controller inserted in the right

Direction in the ZIF socket

FIG 23: Snapshot of EZ-Downloader software

-

(C

9

(b) Power Indicator LED

PWR LED

[pic]

GND

■

■

[pic]

5V (Vcc)

FIG 3: (a) Power Supply Jumpers

■

■

[pic]

12V

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