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AP US Government: Unit 1 Content ReviewGovernment (what is it?):Public policy:Forms of Government: Greek philosopher Aristotle attempted to classify governments based on the number individuals who participated in making political decisions: rule by one, rule by the few, or by the many. His early classification system is still useful in describing governments today:anarchy: autocracy: absolute monarchy: constitutional monarchy: dictatorship: oligarchy: aristocracy: theocracy: democracy: direct democracy: representative democracy: Theories of Democratic Government: theories about who has power and influence over public policy and decision making at the local, state, and national levels of government.traditional democratic theory: pluralist theory: elite theory: bureaucratic theory: hyperpluralism: Articles of ConfederationPurpose and description:When implemented and how long:Government institutions created:Powers of Congress:Weaknesses: Event that spurred need for change:Constitutional ConventionWhen?Where?For what purpose?Results?Virginia PlanNew Jersey PlanCreatorSupported byType of legislature (bi or uni?), how elected?Representation in eachExecutive Judges Compromises:Great Compromise:3/5s Compromise: Describe the meaning of the following constitutional principles:PrincipleExplanationExample of PrinciplePopular sovereignty Limited government Separation of powers Checks and balances Judicial reviewFederalism Define the following concepts using six words or less. All three of these concepts are forbidden under the US Constitution.ConceptDefinition (6 words or less)Writ of Habeas CorpusBills of AttainderEx Post Facto LawsDefine the meaning of the following constitutional provisions. Constitutional Provision Definition (6 words or less)“Full Faith and Credit Clause”“Supremacy Clause”Why did many states want the US Constitution to include a Bill of Rights?Describe how the following court cases shaped the evolution of the Bill of Rights:- Barron v. Baltimore (1833): - Gitlow v. New York (1925): While being as succinct & detailed as possible, describe the freedoms contained in the Bill of Rights:Bill of RightsDescription of the freedoms contained in each amendment1st Amendment2nd Amendment3rd Amendment4th Amendment5th Amendment6th Amendment7th Amendment 8th Amendment9th Amendment10th AmendmentSuccinctly describe the provisions of each of the following amendments:AmendmentExplanation of the amendment11th Amendment12th Amendment13th Amendment14th Amendment15th Amendment16th Amendment17th Amendment18th Amendment19th Amendment20th Amendment21st Amendment22nd Amendment23rd Amendment24th Amendment25th Amendment26th Amendment27th AmendmentIdentify two formal methods for adding amendments to the Constitution.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Describe two informal methods that have been used to change the meaning of the Constitution. Provide one specific example for each informal method you described.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Explain why informal methods are used more often than the formal amendment process:What is federalism?Why did the Founders feel that dividing power was necessary?Types of federalism:TypeDualCooperativeCompetitiveAkaWhat does it mean?Historical time period used?Define the meaning of decentralization. How does the US federal system display decentralization?Define the following types of constitutional powers:Constitutional PowersBrief DefinitionExamplesEnumerated powersImplied powersInherent powersReserved powers Concurrent power Why is the “necessary and proper clause” commonly called the elastic clause? Describe the important precedent set by McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). Describe the important precedent set by Gibbons v. Ogden (1824). Describe the meaning of fiscal federalism.How does fiscal federalism resemble the “carrot and a stick” metaphor? Define the meaning of the following grants-in-aid:Grants-in-AidDefinitionCategorical GrantsFormula GrantsProject GrantsBlock GrantsExplain the controversy of the federal government creating unfunded mandates for states. How does No Child Left Behind exemplify the meaning of an unfunded mandate?Describe the concept of devolution. Which presidents are commonly associated with devolution? ................
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