Chapter 8:Fluoroscopic Imaging Systems

[Pages:95]Chapter 8: Fluoroscopic Imaging Systems

Slide set of 95 slides based on the chapter authored by A. Kyle Jones of the IAEA publication (ISBN 978-92-0-131010-1):

Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students

Objective: To familiarize the student with the principles of the construction and operation of fluoroscopic imaging systems

Slide set prepared by K.P. Maher following initial work by S. Edyvean

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

CHAPTER 8

TABLE OF CONTENTS

8.1 Introduction 8.2 Fluoroscopic Equipment 8.3 Imaging Performance & Equipment Configuration 8.4 Adjunct Imaging Modes 8.5 Application-Specific Design 8.6 Auxiliary Equipment 8.7 Dosimetric Considerations in Fluoroscopy Bibliography

IAEA

Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 2

CHAPTER 8

TABLE OF CONTENTS

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Fluoroscopic Equipment

8.2.1

The Fluoroscopic Imaging Chain

8.2.2

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

8.2.3

Electronic Magnification

8.3 Imaging Performance & Equipment Configuration

8.3.1

Contrast

8.3.2

Noise

8.3.3

Sharpness

8.3.4

Artefacts

8.4 Adjunct Imaging Modes

8.4.1

Digital Acquisition Imaging

8.4.2

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

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Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 3

CHAPTER 8

TABLE OF CONTENTS

8.5 Application-Specific Design

8.5.1

Remote Fluoroscopy Systems

8.5.2

Vascular & Interventional Radiology

8.5.3

Cardiology

8.5.4

Neuroradiology

8.5.5

Mobile Fluoroscopes

8.6 Auxiliary Equipment

8.6.1

Spot Film Device

8.6.2

Operating Modes

8.6.3

Recursive Filtering

8.7 Dosimetric Considerations in Fluoroscopy

8.7.1

Skin Dose Indicators

8.7.2

Radiation Safety Considerations for Patient Protection

8.7.3

Radiation Safety Considerations for Operator Protection

Bibliography

IAEA

Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 4

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Fluoroscopic Imaging: real-time radiographic imaging

Plain Radiography: good SNR, poor Temporal Resolution Fluoroscopy: poor SNR, good Temporal Resolution

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Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 5

8.2 FLUOROSCOPIC EQUIPMENT

Components: High Voltage Generator X-Ray Tube (XRT) X-Ray Image Intensifier (XRII) Video Camera

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Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 6

8.2 FLUOROSCOPIC EQUIPMENT 8.2.1 The Fluoroscopic Imaging Chain

XRII converts:

low intensity X-ray photon fluence

to

high fluence of Visible Photons

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Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 7

8.2 FLUOROSCOPIC EQUIPMENT 8.2.1 The Fluoroscopic Imaging Chain

Input Phosphor converts: X-Rays to Light

Most commonly used phosphor: CsI(Tl) crystals grown in a dense needle-like structure - prevents lateral light spread

IAEA

Top portion of a ~750 micron thick film of CsI(Tl) demonstrating well separated columnar growth

Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 8

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