Chapter 8:Fluoroscopic Imaging Systems
[Pages:95]Chapter 8: Fluoroscopic Imaging Systems
Slide set of 95 slides based on the chapter authored by A. Kyle Jones of the IAEA publication (ISBN 978-92-0-131010-1):
Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students
Objective: To familiarize the student with the principles of the construction and operation of fluoroscopic imaging systems
Slide set prepared by K.P. Maher following initial work by S. Edyvean
IAEA
International Atomic Energy Agency
CHAPTER 8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.1 Introduction 8.2 Fluoroscopic Equipment 8.3 Imaging Performance & Equipment Configuration 8.4 Adjunct Imaging Modes 8.5 Application-Specific Design 8.6 Auxiliary Equipment 8.7 Dosimetric Considerations in Fluoroscopy Bibliography
IAEA
Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 2
CHAPTER 8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Fluoroscopic Equipment
8.2.1
The Fluoroscopic Imaging Chain
8.2.2
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)
8.2.3
Electronic Magnification
8.3 Imaging Performance & Equipment Configuration
8.3.1
Contrast
8.3.2
Noise
8.3.3
Sharpness
8.3.4
Artefacts
8.4 Adjunct Imaging Modes
8.4.1
Digital Acquisition Imaging
8.4.2
Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)
IAEA
Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 3
CHAPTER 8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.5 Application-Specific Design
8.5.1
Remote Fluoroscopy Systems
8.5.2
Vascular & Interventional Radiology
8.5.3
Cardiology
8.5.4
Neuroradiology
8.5.5
Mobile Fluoroscopes
8.6 Auxiliary Equipment
8.6.1
Spot Film Device
8.6.2
Operating Modes
8.6.3
Recursive Filtering
8.7 Dosimetric Considerations in Fluoroscopy
8.7.1
Skin Dose Indicators
8.7.2
Radiation Safety Considerations for Patient Protection
8.7.3
Radiation Safety Considerations for Operator Protection
Bibliography
IAEA
Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 4
8.1 INTRODUCTION
Fluoroscopic Imaging: real-time radiographic imaging
Plain Radiography: good SNR, poor Temporal Resolution Fluoroscopy: poor SNR, good Temporal Resolution
IAEA
Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 5
8.2 FLUOROSCOPIC EQUIPMENT
Components: High Voltage Generator X-Ray Tube (XRT) X-Ray Image Intensifier (XRII) Video Camera
IAEA
Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 6
8.2 FLUOROSCOPIC EQUIPMENT 8.2.1 The Fluoroscopic Imaging Chain
XRII converts:
low intensity X-ray photon fluence
to
high fluence of Visible Photons
IAEA
Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 7
8.2 FLUOROSCOPIC EQUIPMENT 8.2.1 The Fluoroscopic Imaging Chain
Input Phosphor converts: X-Rays to Light
Most commonly used phosphor: CsI(Tl) crystals grown in a dense needle-like structure - prevents lateral light spread
IAEA
Top portion of a ~750 micron thick film of CsI(Tl) demonstrating well separated columnar growth
Diagnostic Radiology Physics: a Handbook for Teachers and Students ? chapter 8, 8
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