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2018 Montgomery Blair Academic Tournament - Round 1Head edited by Ben Miller. Section editing by Miller (History, Geography, Current Events/Trash, Philosophy/Social Science), Sophia Weng (Literature, Music, Art), Katherine Lei (Science), and Haydn Gwyn (Myth, Religion). Written by Miller, Weng, Lei, Gwyn, David Witten, Sambuddha Chattopadhyay, Anson Berns, Ian Rackow, and Matthew Shu. Special thanks to Erik Lodal, Will Alston, and Jason Zhou.Tossups1) This action was perpetrated on George White of Wilmington, Delaware in 1903. Eleven Italians were victims of this action in 1891, sparking a diplomatic incident. Ida B. Wells published an exposé on this action, which was chronicled by the Department of Records and Archives at the (*) Tuskegee Institute. In 1991, Clarence Thomas quipped that the Anita Hill hearings represented a “high tech” one of these actions, and 14-year-old Emmett Till lost his life to this action in 1955. For ten points, name this form of extrajudicial killing often targeted against African Americans in the Jim Crow South. ANSWER: lynching2) This poet described summer as the season where “first Sol doth in crabbed Cancer shine” in one of her four quaternions. In one poem, this poet “wakened was with thundering noise and piteous shrieks of dreadful voice” and in another she calls her work “thou ill formed offspring of my feeble brain.” This author of (*) “The Author to Her Book” described her marriage by saying “if ever two were one, then surely we” in “To My Dear and Loving Husband.” For 10 points, name this colonial Puritan poet who wrote “Verses Upon the Burning of Our House” and The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.ANSWER: Anne Bradstreet 3) In order for this phenomenon to occur, the Stoner Criterion must be satisfied. This phenomenon cannot be accounted for in classical physics according to the Bohr–van Leeuwen theorem. A generalization of a model describing this phenomenon was solved in two dimensions by Lars Onsager and is known as the (*) Ising model, and materials with this property exhibit hysteresis when the applied field is changed. This property disappears above the Curie point and occurs because of the alignment of spin states. For 10 points, name this attractive phenomenon exhibited by nickel, cobalt, and iron.ANSWER: ferromagnetism4) This artist's painting of a pineapple bud was created for a Dole ad campaign. This artist’s paintings of New York at night include depictions of the Shelton Hotel and the Radiator Building. Other landscapes by this artist include rocky paintings of the “Black Place” and the “White Place” near her home in Abiquiu. This painter’s (*) Ram’s Head, White Hollyhock Hills is one of her many paintings of flowers and skulls, some of which, like Inside Red Canna, are said to evoke female genitalia. For 10 points, name this female artist who lived and worked with her husband Alfred Stieglitz in New Mexico.ANSWER: Georgia O'Keeffe5) This man planned to move to America if the Grand Remonstrance didn’t pass. Rising to prominence in the Eastern Association army, this man later ruled through the Instrument of Government and the Humble Petition and Advice. After the resignation of Sir Thomas Fairfax, this man assumed overall command of the (*) New Model Army in which he won major victories over cavalier forces at Preston, Dunbar, and Worcester. Nicknamed “Old Ironsides,” this man crushed the Irish Confederacy and sanctioned the execution of King Charles I. For ten points, name this Lord Protector and primary ruler of the Commonwealth of England.ANSWER: Oliver Cromwell6) The molecular characteristics of this substance are studied by Richard J. Saykally. The presence of this substance is necessary for olation to occur, and the rate of the Diels–Alder reaction is enhanced when it occurs in this substance. This substance is produced, along with graphite, in the (*) Bosch reaction. In a common clathrate, methane is surrounded by molecules of this substance, the “heavy” type of which is formed with deuterium. The triple point of this substance is used to define the Kelvin scale. For 10 points, name this life-sustaining molecule with formula H2O.ANSWER: water [accept H2O until mention or oxidane] 7) The south wall of this building depicts scenes from the Lapith Wedding. Jacques Carrey created numerous detailed sketches of this building before much of it was ruined in a 1687 bombardment. Notable marble sculptures from this Doric order temple were removed by the Earl of (*) Elgin and are now housed in the British Museum. Those “marbles” were sculpted by Phidias, who also crafted the frieze of this building and a massive gold and ivory statue of this temple’s dedicatee. For ten points, name this great temple to Athena found atop the Acropolis in Athens. ANSWER: Parthenon8) One character in this work warns another of “professional jealousy” after the character is to be named superintendent of Fever Hospital. Another character in this work dies with his two wills intact, eventually leaving his money to Joshua Rigg. In this novel, John Raffles blackmails a wealthy man with a secret about the man’s fortune. One character in this novel is writing (*) The Key to all Mythologies and rebuffs his wife’s attempts to help him, and this novel covers the career of Lydgate and the courtship of Mary Garth. For ten points, name this novel about Dorothea Brooke, a “study of provincial life” by George Eliot.ANSWER: Middlemarch, A Study of Provincial Life 9) This man released a rap single entitled “Super Saiyan.” In November 2017, this man’s brother was detained in China for shoplifting, and this athlete led Chino Hills High School to a national championship in 2016. This man’s father (*) LaVar has attracted controversy for his assertive statements and his Big Baller Brand apparel company. Despite an early exit from the NCAA tournament, this player was named the top freshman in college basketball while starring for UCLA. For ten points, name this much publicized NBA point guard who was drafted in 2017 by the Los Angeles Lakers. ANSWER: Lonzo Ball10) The Shaper tells this character a story about Scyld Scefing in a John Gardner novel written from his perspective. In his original appearance, which is part of the Nowell Codex, this character’s arm is ripped off and hung from the rafters of Heorot, a (*) mead-hall that this character attacks every night. This character’s mother retaliates against the Danes for his death. Both this character and his mother are monstrous descendants of Cain who are killed by a hero with the strength of 30 men. For 10 points, name this marsh monster that is Beowulf’s first enemy.ANSWER: GrendelHALFTIME11) Faustin I established an empire in this country before being toppled by Fabre Geffrard. Vincent Ogé was executed for leading an uprising of mixed-race inhabitants in this territory whose “Black Jacobins” were described by C.L.R. James. One major event in this nation began with the Bois Ca?man ceremony and saw the (*) destruction of dozens of sugar plantations. The Leclerc Expedition sought to reinstate French rule over this country, but was decimated by yellow fever and defeated by Jean-Jacque Dessalines. For ten points, name this caribbean nation which won independence through a successful slave revolt led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. ANSWER: Haiti12) Kastanozem and chernozem are types of this substance. Edaphology is the study of this material with regard to living things. This material’s color is specified using the Munsell system, and its parent material is classified as residuum, colluvium, or (*) alluvium. The formation of these materials is called pedogenesis, and their namesake “profile” is divided into O, A, B, and R horizons. Humus and clay are stabilizing factors in this material, which is replaced with nutrient solutions in hydroponics. For 10 points, name this material that may include silt and sand in which plants grow.ANSWER: soil (accept dirt, accept earth)13) One deity in this religion owns a jewel that can control the tide. In another myth, that same deity crushed the bones of a jellyfish. Two deities of this religion created a leech child after the female deity spoke first during a reproduction dance. A goddess in this religion hid in a (*) cave after her brother destroyed all of her rice fields in a fit of rage. That goddess, Amaterasu, is the sun god of this religion, while her brother Susanoo is the god of storms. Kami are the deities of, for 10 points, what ethnic religion of Japan?ANSWER: Shinto (accept kami-no-michi, prompt on “Japanese mythology” before “Japanese”) 14) This city’s Vondel Park contains a statue by Pablo Picasso which mostly resembles a fish. The Nieuwmarkt Riots protested the creation of this city’s metro system, and the Amstel River ends in this city’s center. Schiphol Airport serves this city, whose Oude Kerk church can be found in its De Wallen (*) red light district. This city is often called the “Venice of the North” due to its system of circular canals, and it is home to the Anne Frank House. For 10 points, name this largest city and capital of the Netherlands.ANSWER: Amsterdam15) Ethan the Ezrahite wrote the 89th section of this book which states “I will establish your line forever and make your throne firm through all generations.” Part of this book is attributed to Asaph, and the term mizmor denotes parts of this book that are meant to be sung. One speaker in this book of the Bible states that “my cup (*) runneth over” and “thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.” For 10 points, name this poetic book of the Bible, often attributed to David, whose 23rd entry declares “the Lord is my shepherd.”ANSWER: Book of Psalms 16) A general in this novel slaughters six enemy generals to cross five mountain passes. A military tactic used in this novel misleads an opposing army into thinking that an empty city is full of traps, while another uses a "self-torture ruse" to carry out Zhou Yu’s fire attack. In this novel, a character’s first two attempts to recruit the (*) “Sleeping Dragon” end in failure. That same character swears the “Oath of the Peach Garden” with Zhang Fei and Guan Yu. For 10 points, name novel by Luo Guanzhong about the feud between the states Wei, Shu, and Wu, set during the Han dynasty.ANSWER: Romance of the Three Kingdoms (accept San Guo Yan Yi)17) These structures are described by Kirschner and Mitchison’s search-and-capture model, which proposed that they dynamically probe the cell for specific sites. These structures are nucleated by MTOCs, and are stabilized by taxanes and tau-proteins. Based on exposed subunits, the two ends of this structure are designated (*) minus and plus, and types of these structures that facilitate meiosis are classified as astral, polar, or kinetochore. In flagella and cilia, these structures have a 9 plus 2 arrangement. For 10 points, name these structures that form the cytoskeleton with micro- and intermediate filaments, and are composed of polymerized alpha- and beta-tubulin.ANSWER: microtubules 18) An orchestral work by this man includes “Clouds”, “Festivals”, and “Sirenes” sections. This man wrote a work based on a Maeterlinck play that details a love triangle involving Prince Golaud. In addition to his three Nocturnes, this composer dedicated a work to his daughter which includes the movement “Golliwog’s Cakewalk” and is entitled (*) Children’s Corner Suite. This man’s most famous opera is Pelleas et Melisande and a Stephen Mallarme poem inspired him to write one work that opens with a descending chromatic flute solo depicting the titular faun. For 10 points, name this French composer of 24 Préludes and Clair de Lune.ANSWER: Achille-Claude Debussy19) Two “noble lies” discussed in this work are the “Myth of Metals” and a story about a man who witnesses divine judgement before coming back from the dead. This book criticizes democracy in an story where a boat’s navigator is overpowered by an incompetent crew, the (*) “Ship of Fools.” The visible and intelligible worlds are represented by segments on a “divided line” in this work which also contains a metaphor about people who only see shadows because they are trapped underground. For 10 points, name this philosophical text about government containing “The Allegory of the Cave” and written by Plato.ANSWER: the Republic20) The Friendship Games were organized in the aftermath of one instance of this action. In 1956, Spain, the Netherlands, and Switzerland performed this action to protest the destruction of the Hungarian Revolution. In 1976, Taiwan took this action over a name-related controversy while 26 African countries also performed this action after the New Zealand national rugby team toured (*) South Africa. After the U.S. and 61 other countries performed this action in 1980, 16 Soviet-aligned countries responded by taking this action in 1984. For ten points, name this action in which a nation skips a certain quadrennial sporting event.ANSWER: boycotting the Olympic Games (accept equivalents referring to nations skipping the Olympics)Bonuses1) The Einstein–Smoluchowski relation is an equation regarding the kinetic theory. For ten points each:[10] The Einstein–Smoluchowski relation is generally stated in terms of the constant of this phenomenon. This phenomenon is the movement of molecules or atoms from high to low concentration.ANSWER: diffusion[10] In the Einstein–Smoluchowski relation, the mobility of a particle is symbolized by this letter. It is also used to denote magnetic permeability and the coefficient of friction.ANSWER: mu[10] Mobility is defined as the ratio of this property of a particle to an applied force. It is the average velocity that a particle attains due to an electric field.ANSWER: drift velocity2) One battle during this offensive led to the near-complete destruction of the city of Hu?. For ten points each:[10] Name this 1968 offensive launched during the Vietnamese New Year. Though a tactical U.S. victory, it help turn the American public against the Vietnam War.ANSWER: Tet Offensive[10] Among the sites targeted in the Tet Offensive was this building in Saigon. In 1975, thousands of people gathered at this building hoping to escape the oncoming North Vietnamese Army.ANSWER: U.S. Embassy[10] This Vietnamese commander-in-chief opposed the Tet Offensive but assented to it amidst political pressure from Le Duan and H? Chí Minh. After the war, this man wrote numerous works on military strategy. ANSWER: V? Nguyên Giáp3) Followers of this religion believe in a single god called Jah. For ten points each:[10] Name this Afrocentric religion found predominantly in Jamaica. This religion controversially supports the use of cannabis as a holy sacrament.ANSWER: Rastafari (or Rastafarianism)[10] Rastafarians worship this man as either a prophet or the Second Coming of Christ. This Emperor of Ethiopia was forced into exile in 1936 after an Italian invasion.ANSWER: Haile Selassie I (or Tafari Makonnen Woldemikael)[10] Though Haile Selassie encouraged a private view of faith, many Rastafarians are aligned with one of these groups, roughly equivalent to denominations. These groups include the Bobo Ashanti and the Nyabinghi.ANSWER: Mansions4) In this work the author’s journey lasts from the night before Good Friday to the Wednesday before Easter. For ten points each:[10] Name this work which features a character being guided through the three spheres of the underworld by Beatrice and Virgil.ANSWER: the Divine Comedy (or Divina Commedia; prompt on “Inferno”)[10] This man translated the Divine Comedy into English, but is more commonly known for works such as “The Children’s Hour,” “The Wreck of the Hesperus,” and Evangeline.ANSWER: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow[10] This Longfellow poem’s title character has “large and sinewy hands” and works “week in, week out from morn ‘til night.”ANSWER: The Village Blacksmith5) Answer the following questions about people name-dropped in the hit musical Hamilton. For ten points each:[10] This second President of the United States is told to “sit down” in a Hamilton song titled for his administration. This man’s feud with Alexander Hamilton contributed to his failure to win reelection. ANSWER: John Adams[10] In the song “A Winter’s Ball,” the musical claims that this woman named her tomcat after Hamilton. Her 1759 marriage to the American commander-in-chief brought the latter considerable wealth and status.ANSWER: Martha Washington (prompt on “Washington”)[10] Thomas Jefferson asks this woman to “be a lamb” and open a letter in the song “What’d I Miss?” This enslaved woman bore Jefferson six children between 1795 and 1808.ANSWER: Sarah “Sally” Hemings6) Sandwich compounds are composed of a metal and two arene ligands. For ten points each:[10] An important sandwich compound contains two of these compounds, whose structure was determined by Kekulé. This compound has the chemical formula C6H6.ANSWER: benzene[10] The aforementioned sandwich compound contains this grey metal with number 24. It is named from the Greek word for “color.”ANSWER: chromium (accept Cr)[10] This property of a sandwich compound, symbolized eta, is the number of continuous ligand atoms involved in bonding to a metal.ANSWER: hapticity7) 2017 brought success for populist movements across Europe. For ten points each:[10] Marine Le Pen, the populist head of the National Front Party, finished second behind Emmanuel Macron in this country’s May 2017 presidential election.ANSWER: France[10] In Germany’s September 2017 elections, this right wing populist party won 12.6% of the vote to become the third biggest party in the Bundestag.ANSWER: Alternative for Germany (or AfD)[10] Despite pending fraud charges, Andrej Babi? and his moderate populist ANO Party finished first in this country’s October 2017 electionsANSWER: Czech Republic (or Czechia, do not accept “Czechoslovakia”)8) This novel is presented as the literary criticism of a poem by John Shade. For ten points each:[10] Name this novel in which Charles Kinbote reveals that he believes himself to be the exiled Zemblan king Charles the Beloved.ANSWER: Pale Fire[10] Pale Fire is by this Russian novelist, who also wrote the dystopian novel Bend Sinister and the memoir Speak, Memory.ANSWER: Vladimir Nabokov[10] Nabokov’s most famous work is this novel in which Humbert Humbert develops an unhealthy sexual attraction to the “nymphet” Dolores Haze.ANSWER: Lolita9) The Kapp Putsch temporarily overthrew this government in 1920. For ten points each:[10] Name this German government which arose following World War One, named for the city where its constitution was drafted. Gustav Stresemann oversaw a brief period of stability for this government.ANSWER: Weimar Republic[10] This economic phenomenon plagued the Weimar Republic in the early 1920s due to political and economic instability. This phenomenon was exacerbated by French occupation of the Ruhr Valley.ANSWER: hyperinflation[10] This German war hero was the second and final president of the Weimar Republic. Though he defeated Adolf Hitler in the 1932 election, this man elevated Hitler to the Chancellorship the next year.ANSWER: Paul von Hindenburg10) CAM photosynthesis is sometimes used by xerophytes in these regions. For ten points each:[10] Name these biomes that typically experience less than 10 inches of precipitation a year and contain sand dunes. Examples include the Atacama and Gobi.ANSWER: deserts[10] This type of dune can be up to 500 meters tall in the Badain Jaran Desert. These dunes accumulate in areas with multidirectional wind regimes.ANSWER: star dunes[10] Lithification turns dunes into these entities. These entities are formed from denudation followed by compaction and cementation.ANSWER: sedimentary rocks (accept sandstone, prompt on “rock” with “What type of rock?”)11) The only figure in this work lies with a pen in one hand and a list of condemned names in another.For ten points each:[10] Name this 1793 painting which shows the corpse of a French revolutionary leader after he was stabbed while bathing by Charlotte Corday. ANSWER: The Death of Marat[10] The Death of Marat was painted by this French neoclassicalist who also created The Death of Socrates and Napoleon Crossing the Alps. ANSWER: Jacques-Louis David[10] In this David painting, three Roman brothers reach for their swords while their sisters look on weeping. ANSWER: Oath of the Horatii12) In this short story, the Man of the Book knows all the knowledge of the title structure. For ten points each:[10] Name this short story about a collection that contains all possible texts in the universe, collected into a series of infinite hexagonal rooms.ANSWER: “The Library of Babel” (or “La biblioteca de Babel”)[10] This author wrote “The Library of Babel.”ANSWER: Jorge Luis Borges[10] This place in the Library of Babel is said to contain illustrated, magical books that can not be found anywhere else in the library.ANSWER: the Crimson Hexagon13) The back of the eye contains photoreceptor cells. For ten points each:[10] Name this light-sensitive part of the eye where rods and cones are present. It transmits signals to the optic nerve.ANSWER: retina[10] This effect is the increased sensitivity of the retina for shorter wavelengths at low light levels. It is named for a Czech anatomist who also names GABAergic neurons in the cerebellum.ANSWER: Purkinje effect (accept Purkinje shift)[10] This receptor protein, also called visual purple, is activated in the presence of light and enables vision when there is low illuminance.ANSWER: rhodopsin14) Answer the following questions about American territories in the Pacific. For ten points each:[10] This Micronesia island is one of America’s most populous Pacific holdings. This island is inhabited by the Chamorro people, and in August 2017 North Korea threatened to hit this territory with a nuclear weapon. ANSWER: Guam[10] This island 1500 miles east of Guam is administered by the U.S. Air Force. Japan occupied this island in the opening days of World War II and massacred many captured Americans on this island in 1943.ANSWER: Wake Island[10] This American pacific atoll is known for its ecological bounty and shares its name with an ancient Syrian city seriously damaged by ISIS in 2015.ANSWER: Palmyra Atoll15) Mary Wollstonecraft wrote many foundational texts for this branch of philosophy. For ten points each:[10] Name this philosophical and social movement which seeks equality between the sexes.ANSWER: feminism[10] This American author helped begin Second Wave Feminism through her book The Feminine Mystique. This first president of NOW also led the 1970 Women's Strike for Equality.ANSWER: Betty Friedan[10] Friedan used interviews with her classmates at this New England college to write The Feminine Mystique. Other notable feminist graduates from this largest of the Seven Sisters include Eunice Carter and Gloria Steinem.ANSWER: Smith College16) Answer the following questions about the Diadochi. For ten points each:[10] The Diadochi were generals and successors of this Macedonian king, the son of Philip II and conqueror of the Persian Empire.ANSWER: Alexander the Great (or Alexander III of Macedon)[10] This diadochus was given control of Egypt after Alexander's death, starting a namesake Greco-Egyptian dynasty that lasted until Cleopatra. He shares his name with a later mathematician from Alexandria. ANSWER: Ptolemy I (or Ptolemy Soter)[10] This one-eyed general amassed a vast empire before being defeated and killed by the other diadochi. His son Demetrius took control of Macedon and began a dynasty named for this man.ANSWER: Antigonus I (or Antigonus Monophthalmus) 17) Vishnu, the Hindu god of preservation, descends to earth in the form of an avatar when order needs to be restored. For ten points each, name these avatars of Vishnu:[10] This being is the eighth and most famous avatar of Vishnu. He features heavily in the Bhagavad Gita and is often depicted playing the bansuri flute. ANSWER: Krishna[10] This seventh avatar of Vishnu is chronicled in a Sanskrit epic poem in which he fights the demon Ravana. ANSWER: Rama[10] This avatar, often depicted as a fish, is classically listed as the first avatar and is associated with the creation of the world and savior of the first man, Manu.ANSWER: Matsya18) This piece begins with cellos, double basses, and bassoons playing the main theme slowly and quietly, until other sections introduce a modified variant that collides with the main theme. For ten points each:[10] Name this section of Peer Gynt whose creeping theme of eight notes has become ubiquitous in pop culture.ANSWER: “In the Hall of the Mountain King” (or “I Dovregubbens hall”)[10] This composer of Peer Gynt said that “In the Hall of the Mountain King” was so “ultra-norwegian” that he couldn’t bear to hear it.ANSWER: Edvard Grieg[10] This composer recorded a version of Peer Gynt that angered many Norwegians in his Swinging Suites by Edward E. and Edward G.ANSWER: Duke Ellington19) This Shakespearean leading lady ends her life with the phrase “Happy dagger, this is thy sheath.” For ten points each:[10] Name this title character of a play that begins “Two houses, both alike in dignity.”ANSWER: Juliet Capulet [10] Another Shakespearean leading lady hypocritically says this three-word phrase while sleepwalking and rubbing her hands.ANSWER: “Out, damned spot!”[10] This is the male alter-ego of another leading lady who is the target of Orlando’s affections as he puts poems on trees in the forest of Arden.ANSWER: Ganymede (do not accept or prompt on Rosalind)20) Classical productions of this form include The Nutcracker, and Swan Lake. For ten points each:[10] Name this high-society style of dance that originated in the Italian renaissance, then spread throughout France and RussiaANSWER: ballet[10] Ballet has this many basic foot positions with the dancer’s feet flat on the floor.ANSWER: five[10] This is the ballet term for a spin balanced on the dancer’s toes.ANSWER: pirouetteTiebreakerTB) A process that forms one of these entities involves the creation of a sandwich compound from the “linkage” form of them. Though not sugars, types of these entities denoted erythro- or threo- can be visualized using a Fischer projection. Priority rules for the naming of one type of these compounds are named for Cahn, Ingold, and Prelog. Crystals of (*) tartaric acid were separated into forms of these entities, which form racemates in their “optical” form. Glucose and fructose are “structural” types of these entities. For 10 points, name these compounds that have different arrangements of atoms but the same molecular formula.ANSWER: isomers (prompt on “enantiomer”) TB) A B-25 bomber accidentally collided with this building in July 1945. For ten points each:[10] Name this iconic Art Deco skyscraper in New York City, the tallest in the world until the completion of the World Trade Center. In a 1933 film, King Kong climbed this 102-story building. ANSWER: the Empire State Building[10] This man was President of Empire State, Incorporated during the skyscraper’s construction. Nicknamed “The Happy Warrior,” this man earlier served as governor of New York and was the first Catholic presidential nominee.ANSWER: Al Smith[10] 3,400 workers helped build the Empire State Building, including several hundred iron workers from this Native American tribe. This member tribe of the Iroquois Confederacy was once led by Joseph Brant.ANSWER: Mohawk ................
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