Ipm-drift.cfaes.ohio-state.edu



Herbicide Drift Risk Survey of Specialty Crop Growers – Draft 4Herbicide drift can affect yield, maturity rates, market value, and other bottom-line factors for specialty crop growers. Besides official state pesticide complaints, little data exists on the impact of drift on specialty crops. This survey is designed to Measure the prevalence and economic impact of herbicide drift in key North Central U.S. specialty crops. Compare trends across time and different locations. Capture specialty crop producer concerns about herbicide drift. Inform future research priorities, education, and policy.You may also complete this survey online at [to be filled in later]. Please enter the code from the front of your envelope to help us manage our response rate and avoid accidental duplication. This code will be stored separately from your responses and cannot be used to link your responses to your company. For more details about the privacy of this survey, visit [to be filled in later] or see the enclosed letter. Section 1 –Farm Information Have you grown a specialty crop for profit in the last two years (e.g., grapes, edible beans, tomatoes, or other fruits and vegetables grown in 2019 or 2020)?m NoIF NO, PLEASE STOP HERE AND RETURN THE SURVEY. This will allow us to remove you from the mailing list.m YesIf Yes, please tell us a little about your farm operation.1. In which state and county are most of your specialty crops located? Check the appropriate state and write in your county. m IA m IL m IN m KS m MI m MN m MO m ND m NE m OH m SD m WI County: ____________________________2. Approximately how many acres of specialty crops did you grow in 2020? Select the best answer. m < 5 acresm 5-20 acresm 20-100 acresm 100-300 acresm > 300 acres3. Was your operation certified organic in 2020?m Yes, all of itm Yes, part of itm No, not certified4. Which of the following crops generated at least 10% of your annual produce sales over the last two years? Select any that apply. m soy/edamamem grapesm tomatoesm flowering annualsm sunflowerm peachesm potatoesm ornamental perennialsm canolam applesm peppersm landscape trees and shrubsm dry edible beansm blueberriesm melons/squashm Christmas treesm bramblesm cucumbersm strawberriesm beans (snap, lima, etc)m lettuce/herbsOther: ___________________________________________________________5. How did you typically sell or market your specialty crops in 2019 and 2020? Check all that apply.m Sold directly to individual consumers (truck sales, farmers markets, pick-your-own, CSAs, etc)m Used in-house to make value-added products (for example, wines, canned goods)m Sold through contract or agreement with outside processorsm Sold through contract or agreement with outside vendors for fresh sale (groceries, restaurants)m Sold through produce auctionm Sold through producer cooperativem Other _____________________________________________6. Is your crop routinely or randomly tested for herbicide residues as part of the sales or marketing process? m Nom Yesm Not SureSection 2 – Knowledge and Attitude About Drift1. Have you ever experienced herbicide drift on your own operation? Check the best answer. m Nom Maybe (suspected but not confirmed)m Yes (confirmed with residue or other evidence)2. What level of concern do you have about herbicide drift? m mmmnot concerned mildly concernedmoderately concernedextremely concerned3. How has your level of concern about herbicide drift changed over the last five years? m mmdecreasedunchanged increased4. How confident are you in your ability to recognize drift damage on your crops? m mmmnot confidentsomewhat confidentmoderately confidentvery confident5. To what degree are dicamba, 2,4-D, or glyphosate used in your county/surrounding farms? m mmmrarely moderate usehigh usenot sure6. Do you have at least one primary crop that is sensitive to these products? Check all that apply.m mmmmyes, to glyphosateyes, to dicambayes, to 2,4-Dno to all threenot sure7. Are there specific herbicides other than those listed above that pose a drift concern to your operation? ______________________________________________________________________8. Have you taken any of the following actions to manage your risk of drift damage? Check all that apply. m Used Field Watch or a similar registry for sensitive crops.m Approached a neighboring herbicide applicator preemptively with drift concerns.m Sought information on herbicide damage symptoms, testing labs, or steps for reporting. m Attended a workshop about managing herbicide drift risks. m Changed or moved crops due to drift concerns. m Planted a buffer zone or tree line to provide protection from drift.m Other ______________________________________________________________________m None of the above.Section 3 – Recent Experience with Herbicide Drift1. In the past five years (since 2016), have you ever had suspected or confirmed herbicide drift damage on your operation? m NoIF NO, PLEASE STOP HERE AND RETURN THE SURVEY. Because we are measuring the frequency of drift damage among specialty crop growers, it is important for you to return the survey even if you have not experienced herbicide drift damage in the last five years. m YesIf yes, please tell us more about the damage and your response.2. Starting with 2020, for each growing season below, please note if you had any minor, moderate, or severe damage to specialty crops on your farm. Check all that apply. 20202019201820172016No drift damage to my specialty crops this year.mmmmmMinor herbicide drift damage – some foliar damage that went away in time.mmmmmModerate herbicide drift damage – some plant or yield loss. mmmmmSevere herbicide drift damage – crop mortality and substantial economic loss.mmmmmFor the next set of questions, please focus on herbicide drift damage that occurred in the last two growing seasons only (2019 or 2020). 303530148285 If you did not experience drift damage in 2019 or 2020, please skip to Section 5. 3. For each year in which drift damage was experienced, indicate the herbicide responsible, if known, and the crops and/or areas damaged. 20202019Did you experience any drift damage to specialty crops in this year? m No m Yesm No m YesDid you have any drift damage to non-crop areas on your farm (field borders, yards, etc.)? m No m Yesm No m YesDid you experience more than one drift damage event in this year?m No m Yesm No m YesWhat herbicide(s) caused the damage? Check all that apply. m unknownm dicambam 2,4-Dm glyphosatem other _____________m unknownm dicambam 2,4-Dm glyphosatem other _____________What crops were damaged? Describe:Describe:Estimate the loss of total specialty crop sales caused by drift damage for 2019 or 2020.m Lost less than 10%m Lost 10-49%m Lost 50-90%m Lost more than 90%m Lost less than 10%m Lost 10-49%m Lost 50-90%m Lost more than 90%Estimate your total financial loss due to drift damage for 2019 or 2020. This can include lost sales, additional labor, replanting expenses, legal fees, residue testing, or other associated costs. m Lost under $1,000m Lost $1,000-$9,999m Lost $10,000-$49,999m Lost $50,000-$99,999m Lost $100,000-$499,999m Lost $500,000-$1 millionm Lost more than $1 millionm Lost under $1,000m Lost $1,000-$9,999m Lost $10,000-$49,999m Lost $50,000-$99,999m Lost $100,000-$499,999m Lost $500,000-$1 millionm Lost more than $1 millionFor perennial or reseeded crops, did drift damage persist from a previous year’s drift eventm No m Yes m N/Am No m Yes m N/ASection 4 – Responses to Drift Damage1. After suspecting or experiencing herbicide drift damage in 2019 or 2020, did you take any of the following actions? Check all that apply. m Signed up for Field Watch or a similar crop registry for sensitive crops.m Approached a neighboring herbicide applicator with concerns about a specific drift event.m Took photos of possible herbicide damage.m Collected samples yourself for herbicide residue testing.m Paid for private testing for herbicide residues.m Contacted an herbicide or crop specialist for advice or diagnosis regarding drift.m Contacted a lawyer regarding herbicide drift.m Changed or moved crops to avoid future damage or loss. m Was forced to break a sales agreement. m Was forced to destroy a crop. m Other ______________________________________________________________________m None of the above.3. In 2019 or 2020, did your farm file a pesticide drift complaint with your state? m Nom Yes (continue)21214159538Was there an investigation? m Nom Yes-1513943180Skip to Q4.020000Skip to Q4.Was the source field or applicator identified? m Nom YesDid the state impose any repercussions on a neighboring pesticide applicator? m Nom Yes m Not SureIf yes, how do you feel about the repercussions? Check all that apply. m The repercussions were fair and appropriate.m The repercussions will help prevent future incidents.m The repercussions were disappointingly light.m None of the above. m Other: ______________________________________________4. If you had damage and did NOT file a state complaint, did any of the following influence your decision? Check all that apply. m Drift was caused by activities on our own operation. m Process involved too much time and paperwork.m Could see no benefit in filing a complaint.m Consequences to offender are not meaningful.m Damage was slight. Felt plants would recover. m Unable to identify the source of the drift.m Feared retaliation or bad relationship with neighboring farms. m Feared consequences on ability to market crops (including broken contracts or loss of certification)m Resolved the problem without the state’s assistance.m Another party filed the complaint on my behalf (cooperative, processor, etc.)m None of these. m Other _________________________________________________________________________________________________5. In 2019 or 2020, did your operation take legal action to recover damages from drift impacts?m Nom Yes304800654050Was your state’s pesticide complaint procedure helpful? m Nom YesDid you receive compensation for damages? m Nom Yesm Still pendingHow long did the legal process take? (If pending, how long has it taken so far?) m A year or lessm 1-2 yearsm 3 or more years93908940665If you had no drift damage to specialty crops in 2019 or 2020, please resume the survey with Section 5. 00If you had no drift damage to specialty crops in 2019 or 2020, please resume the survey with Section 5. 68684238100 Section 5: Information Sources and Needs 1. Have you ever sought out information on how to manage your crop post‐drift? m Nom Yes2. From whom did you seek information for management, identification, or other advice related to drift issues? Check all that apply. Have not usedUsed, but not helpfulUsed, and was helpfulGrower association or advocacy groupmmmAg retail business (spray applicators)mmmAnother grower/farmermmmState agency (e.g., state department of agriculture or state chemist’s office) mmmChemical company hotline/websitemmmCounty or state extension servicemmmPrivate crop consultantmmmLawyermmmOthermmm3. Regarding drift damage and specialty crops, are there specific areas of research and development you feel are critical? Thank you for your time and input. Additional comments may be written in below. Additional CommentsYou may request a copy of a final report. To preserve anonymity, we prefer you do not include your contact information on this survey but provide your mailing address or email to the below contact. Cassandra BrownThe Ohio State University330-263-36341680 Madison Avebrown.1844@osu.eduWooster, OH 44691This study is sponsored by the North Central IPM Center’s Special Project Group on Herbicide Drift Management. Regional IPM Centers are supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture through agreement 2018-70006-28884. ................
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