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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1 (CÔ TRÂM)
PHONETICS
NGỮ ÂM
* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT
A. PRONUNCIATION
I. NGUYÊN ÂM
1. Giới thiệu về nguyên âm (The vowel sounds):
* 20 vowels in the English language:
- The 12 pure vowels: /i - i:/, /e - æ/, /Ɔ - Ɔ:/, /( - a:/, /u- u:/, /ә - з:/.
- The 8 diphthongs: /ei - ai - Ɔi/, /au - әu/, /iә - eә - uә /
* Triphthongs and other vowel sequences:
- /aiә /: fire, hire, tyre, buyer, wire, flyer, iron,…
- /әuә /: slower, lower, grower, sower, mower,…
- /auә /: flower, power, tower, shower, sour, flour,…
- /eiә /: greyer, player, layer, payer, prayer,…
- /Ɔiә /: employer, destroyer, royal, loyal, annoyance,…
2. Nguyên âm đơn và cách phát âm của 5 chữ cái (A, E, I, O, U).
3. Nguyên âm đôi và cách phát âm:
/ai/, /ei/, /Ɔi/, /au/, /əu/, /iə/, /eə/, /uə/
4. Từ đồng dạng (Homographs)
II. PHỤ ÂM
1. Giới thiệu về phụ âm (The consonants sounds): 24 consonants in English
devided into voiceless and voiced consonants and are shown below:
a. Voiceless consonants: /p/, /f/, /(/, /t/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /k/, /h/.
b. Voiced consonants: /b/, /v/, /ð/, /d/, /z/, /Ʒ/, /dƷ/, /g/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /r/, /w/, /j/.
c. The consonant clusters:
2. Cách phát âm của một số phụ âm:
a. Chữ C có thể được đọc thành 4 âm: /s/, /k/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/
b. Chữ D có thể được đọc thành 2 âm: /g/, /dʒ/
c. Chữ G có thể được đọc thành: /d/, /dʒ /, /ʒ/.
d. Chữ ‘n’ được phát âm là /n/ và /ŋ/
e. Chữ ‘qu’ được phát âm là /kw/ và /k/
f. Chữ ‘s’ được phát âm là /s/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/ và /z/
Cách phát âm mẫu tự “s” ở dạng động từ ngôi thứ ba số ít, danh từ số nhiều và sở hữu cách:
* trường hợp 1: ‘s’ được phát âm là /s/
|Âm đứng trước 's' |Danh từ số nhiều |Động từ ngôi thứ 3 số ít (3rd |Sở hữu cách |Cách đọc kí tự 's' |
| |(Plural form) |singular V) |(Possessives) | |
|/p/ |maps capes |stops | | |
|/t/ |cats, |beats, |Janet' s |/s/ |
| |mates |calculates | | |
|/k/ |books, lakes |Attacks, makes |Frank' s | |
|/f/ |paragraphs, |photographs |Cliff' s | |
| |laughs, chiefs, safes |laughs | | |
|/θ/ |months |bathes |Gareth' s | |
| |photographs |photographs | | |
* trường hợp 2: ‘es’ được phát âm là /iz/:
- Nếu danh từ số ít có tận cùng là: s, x, ch, sh, -ce, -es,-ge
Ngoại lệ: những danh từ gốc Hy Lạp tận cùng bằng ch chỉ thêm 's' và đọc là /ks/.
Eg: a monarch /mɔ'nək/ (vua) ( monarchs /mɔ 'nəks/
| Âm đứng trước |Danh từ số nhiều |Động từ ngôi thứ 3 số ít (3rd singular |Sở hữu cách |Cách đọc kí tự 's/es' |
|'s/es' |(Plural form) |V) |(Possessives) |'s/es' |
|/s/ |glasses |kisses |Bruce's | |
| |sentences |sentences | | |
|/ks/ |Boxes |Mixes | Felix's | |
|/ʧ/ |Churches |Teaches |Mrs. Gooch's |/iz/ |
|/ʃ/ |Wishes | Washes |Trish's | |
|/ʒ/ |Garages | massages |Solange's | |
|/dʒ/ |Pages |stages |Gorge's | |
|/z/ |bruises | rise |Rose's | |
* trường hợp 3: ‘s’ được phát âm là /z/: Các trường hợp còn lại:
|Âm đứng trước 's' |Danh từ số nhiều |Động từ ngôi thứ 3 số ít (3rd singular |Sở hữu cách |Cách đọc kí tự 's' |
| |(Plural form) |V) |(Possessives) | |
|/b/ |Cubs |robs |Bob' s | |
|/v/ |Caves | lives |Olive' s | |
|/ð/ |clothes | breathes |Smith' s | |
|/d/ |Beds | reads |Donald' s | |
|/g/ |Eggs |digs |Peg' s |/z/ |
|/l/ |Hills |fills | Daniel's | |
|/m/ |rooms |comes |Tom's | |
|/n/ |Pens | learns |Jane's | |
|/ŋ/ |Rings | brings |King's | |
|/əu/ |potatoes |goes |Jo's | |
|/ei/ |Days | plays |Clay's | |
|/eə/ |Hairs |wears |Clare's | |
Note: Cách đọc tận cùng “s” như trên còn có thể áp dụng cho:
- Danh từ số ít có tận cùng là 's': physics /'fiziks/, series /'siəriz/.
- Thể giản lược: What's /wɔts/ Phong doing?
He's /hi:z/ reading.
- Tận cùng “s” trong đuôi của tính từ như: -ous, -ious: được đọc là /s/.
g. Chữ ‘t’ được phát âm là /t/, /tʃ/, /ʃ/ và /ʒ/
h. Chữ 'x' có thể được phát âm là /ks/, /gz/, /kʃ/, /z/
j. Chữ 'z' có thể được phát âm là /s/ trong những từ đặc biệt:
k. Chữ 'th' có thể được phát âm là /θ/ và /ð/.
‘th’ câm ở các từ sau:
asthma /æsmə/ (n): bệnh hen suyễn; isthmus /isməs/ (n): eo đất
Chữ 'th' có thể được phát âm là /ð/ hay /θ/: còn phụ thuộc vào từ loại hoặc nghĩa của chúng.
|North /nɔ:θ/ (n) |Northern /'nɔ: ðən/ adj) |
|South/auθ/ (n) |Southern /sΛðən/ |
|cloth /klɔθ/ |clothe /kləuð; klɔuð/(v) |
|bath/bɑ:θ ; bæθ/ (n) |bathe /beið/ |
|teeth/ti:θ/ (n) |teethe /ti:ð/ (v) |
|............. | |
l. Chữ 'sh' được phát âm là /ʃ/: trong mọi trường hợp:
m. Chữ 'gh' & 'ph'
n. Chữ 'ch' được phát âm là /ʧ/, /k/, /ʃ/.
3. Những âm câm.
4. Cách phát âm “ed”:
a.. Cách phát âm đuôi “ed” của những động từ có quy tắc ở dạng quá khứ đơn:
- “ed” /id/: Nếu động từ có tận cùng bằng các âm /t/ hay /d/.
eg. needed, wanted, decided, started ...
- 'ed' /t/: Nếu động từ có tận cùng bằng 8 âm sau:
/f/ (trong các chữ: f, fe, gh, ph),
/p/ (trong chữ p),
/k/ (trong chữ k),
/ks/ (trong chữ x),
/s/ (trong chữ s, ce),
/tʃ/ (trong chữ ch),
/ʃ/ (trong chữ sh),
/ θ/ (trong chữ th)
b. Cách phát âm các tính từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’:
II. STRESS
1. Giới thiệu về trọng âm
Trọng âm là sự phát âm của một từ hoặc một âm tiết với nhiều lực hơn so với các từ hoặc các âm tiết xung quanh. Một từ hoặc âm tiêt được nhấn trọng âm được phát âm bằng cách sử dụng nhiều khí từ phổi hơn’ (Richard, J. C et al. 1992:355).
Các âm tiết mang trọng âm được phát âm mạnh hơn các âm tiết không mang trọng âm (được phát âm nhẹ hơn hoặc ngắn hơn hoặc đôi khi được đọc rút gọn).
Ta dùng kí hiệu /'/ đặt ở đầu âm tiết có trọng âm chính. Trong những từ nhiều âm tiết có trọng âm chính và trọng âm phụ và được biểu thị /,/.
Eg: father/'fɑ:ðə/, indication/,indi'kei∫n/, representative/,repri'zentətiv/,….
2. Một số quy tắc đánh trọng âm:
Trọng âm chỉ rơi vào những âm tiết mạnh (âm tiết chứa nguyên âm mạnh, nguyên âm đôi hoặc nguyên âm dài). Âm tiết yếu không nhận trọng âm.
a. Trọng âm ở từ có 2 âm tiết :
- Đa số động từ có 2 âm tiết thì âm tiết thứ 2 nhận trọng âm chính :
Eg: es/cape, for/get, be/gin, ac/cept ....
Tuy nhiên có một số động từ ngoại lệ :
/promise, /answer, /enter, /listen, /offer, /happen, /open.
- Đa số danh từ và tính từ 2 âm tiết có trọng âm chính rơi và âm tiết thứ nhất:
Eg: /butcher, /standard, /busy, /handsome ....
Ngoại lệ: ma/chine, mis/take, a/lone, a/ware,...
- Một số từ vừa là danh từ, vừa là động từ có trọng âm chính không đổi:
ad/vice/ ad/vise, /visit, re/ply, tra/vel, /promise, /picture;
- Còn lại đa số các từ có 2 âm tiết mà có 2 chức năng thì trọng âm thay đổi theo chức năng của từ:
/record(noun)/ re/cord (verb), /present(noun)/ pre/sent (verb), /desert(noun)/ de/sert(verb) ....
b. Những trường hợp khác:
- Các từ có tận cùng bằng các hậu tố sau có trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết đứng ngay trước hậu tố đó.
-tion : pro/tection. compu/tation ...
- Các từ có tận cùng bằng các hậu tố sau có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết cách hậu tố đó 1 âm tiết.
-ate : con/siderate, /fortunate ...
Ngoại lệ : docu/mentary, ele/mentary, supple/mentary, extra/ordinary.
- Những hậu tố sau thường được nhận trọng âm chính.
-ee : de/gree, refe/ree... Ngoại lệ : com/mittee, /coffee
- Một số tiền tố và hậu tố khi thêm vào không làm thay đổi trọng âm chính của từ đó.
a. Tiền tố :
* un- : /healthy ( un/healthy, im/portant ( unim/portant …
Ngoại lệ : /understatement, /undergrowth, /underground, /underpants
b. Hậu tố :
-ful : / beauty ( / beautiful, /wonder ( /wonderful …
- Trọng âm ở các từ chỉ số đếm:
thir’teen, ‘thirty / four’teen, ‘forty / fif’teen, ‘fifty ….
Tuy nhiên mẫu trọng âm này có thể thay đổi khi từ chỉ số đếm xuất hiện ở trong câu.
Ví dụ: khi nó đứng trước danh từ thì trọng âm của nó là : ‘nineteen people ...
- Trọng âm ở các từ ghép
Hầu hết danh từ ghép và tính từ ghép có trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết đầu tiên.
/dishwasher, /filmmaker, /typewriter, /praiseworthy, /waterproof, /lightning-fast …
Ngoại lệ : duty-/free, snow -/white
Tính từ ghép có từ đầu tiên là tính từ hoặc trạng từ thì trọng âm chính rơi vào từ thứ 2, tận cùng là động từ phân từ 2.
Eg: well-/done, well-/informed, short-/sighted, bad-/tempered
Các trạng từ và động từ ghép có trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2.
up/stairs, down/stairs, down-/grade, ill-/treat,…
- Trọng âm của các động từ thành ngữ (Phrasal verbs):
Nếu cụm động từ thành ngữ có chức năng là một danh từ trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.
Eg: 'setup (n): sự thu xếp 'upset (n): sự quấy rầy
'holdup (n): vụ cướp 'lookout (n) người xem
'checkout (n): việc thanh toán để rời (Khách sạn,..)
etc……
Nếu cụm động từ thành ngữ có chức năng là một động từ trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai.
Eg: to set 'up: thu xếp to up 'set: làm thất vọng,
to hold 'up: cầm, giữ to check 'out: trả phòng
to look 'out: canh chừng
* Bảng tóm lược cách dùng trọn âm
|STRESS |SUFFIX |EXAMPLES |EXCEPTIONS |
|ONE before suffix |-ITY |ability, curiosity, density, intensity |terrify |
| |-ETY |anxiety, variety, society | |
| |-IC |medical, physical, typical, tropical |terrific |
| |-ICAL |amplify, modify, clarify | |
| |-IFY |amplify, modify, clarify | |
| |-EFY |rarefy, liquefy | |
| |-IA |magnesia, malaria, insomnia | |
| |-IAL |adverbial, editorial, crucial | |
| |-EAL |cereal, venereal | |
| |-UAL |actual, casual, gradual | |
| |-IBLE |audible, impossible, possible | |
| |-TION |communication, complication, invitation | |
| |-SION |admission, dimension, supervision |TElevision |
| |-ION |accordion, legion, opinion, religion | |
| |-IONAL |dimensional, fractional, occasional | |
| |-IAN |electrician, guardian, magician | |
| |-EAN |Mediterranean, caesarean | |
| |-UAN |gargantuan | |
| |-IUM |aquarium, calcium | |
| |-IENT |efficient, impatient | |
| |-IENCE |experience, patience | |
| |-IENCY |sufficiency | |
| |-INAL |criminal, nominal, seminal | |
| |-IOUS |obvious, glorious | |
| |-EOUS |spontaneous | |
| |-UOUS |ambiguous | |
| |-GRAPHY |biography, telegraphy, geography | |
| |-LOGY |analogy, geology, physiology | |
|TWO |-ATE |advocate, adequate, cultivate | |
|before suffix | | | |
| |-OUS |marvelous, mischievous, dangerous |ambiDEXtrous, aMORphous, deSIrous, diSAStrous, |
| | | |treMENdous, eNORMous, intraVENous, moMENTous, stuPENDous |
| |-ENT |accident, different |conCURrent, conSIStent, conTINgent, deTERgent, deTERrent,|
| |-ENCE |confidence |rePELlent, ocCURrence, aBUNdant, inDIGnant, alLOWance, |
| |-ENCY |presidency |apPEArance, asSIStance, reLUCtance |
| |-ANT |significant | |
| |-ANCE |ambulance | |
| |-ANCY |occupancy | |
| |-ARY |actuary, February, ordinary |AnniVERsary, eleMENTary, inFIRmary, suppleMENtary, |
| | | |peniTENtiary, |
| |-ORY |auditory, inventory |adVIsory, comPULsory, satisFACtory |
| |-TUDE |attitude, gratitude, promptitude | |
| |-GRAPH |autograph, homograph, telegraph | |
| |-GRAM |diagram, telegram, kilogram | |
|ON suffix |-ADE |lemonade, brigade, masquerade |CENtigrade, EScapade, MARmalade, RENegade, RETrograde |
| |-AQUE |opaque | |
| |-IQUE |antique, critique, unique | |
| |-IGUE |fatigue, intrigue | |
| |-ESE |Chinese, Japanese, bureaucratese | |
| |-ESQUE |picturesque, grotesque, statuesque | |
| |-ETTE |dinette, kitchenette, roomette | |
| |-IABLE |classifiable, electrifiable, certifiable | |
| |-OON |balloon, cartoon, dragoon, typhoon | |
| |-EE |employee, referee, trainee, refugee |comMITtee, FIligree, JUbilee, PEdigree |
| |-OSIS |diagnosis, psychosis, hypnosis |metaMORphosis |
| |-EER |career, engineer, volunteer | |
| |-ITIS |arthritis, bronchitis, appendicitis | |
|FIRST |-MENTal |governmental, experimental | |
|in two suffixes |-MENTary |complementary, supplementary | |
| |-IZable/ -ISable |advisable, realizable | |
| |-ARily |temporarily, voluntarily | |
UNSTRESSED PREFIX
|PREFIX |EXAMPLES | |PREFIX |EXAMPLES |
|A- |accept, account, admit, advance | |EX- |excuse, explain, except |
|BE- |because, become, begin | |FOR- |forget, forgive |
|COM- |complete, command | |IN- |include, indeed, instead, invite |
|CON- |contain, control, convince | |OB- |observe |
|DE- |defeat, decide, defense | |PRE- |pretend, prepare |
|DIS- |desire, destroy, discuss | |PRO- |provide |
|TO- |today, tonight | |RE- |remain, reply, report |
|SU- |surprise, success, support | |PER- |perform, perhaps |
Các hậu tố dưới đây không làm thay đổi vị trí trọng âm.
|-ale |-al |-er |-hood |
|A. engineer |B. corporate |C. difficult |D. different |
|A. popular |B. position |C. horrible |D. positive |
|A. selfish |B. correct |C. purpose |D. surface |
|A. permission |B. computer |C. million |D. perfection |
|A. scholarship |B. negative |C. develop |D. purposeful |
|A. ability |B. acceptable |C. education |D. hilarious |
|A.document |B. comedian |C. perspective |D. location |
|A. provide |B. product |C. promote |D. profess |
|A. different |B. regular |C. achieving |D. property |
|A. education |B. community |C. development |D. unbreakable |
|A. politics |B. deposit |C. conception |D. occasion |
|A. prepare |B. repeat |C. purpose |D. police |
|A. preface |B. famous |C. forget |D. childish |
|A. cartoon |B. western |C. teacher |D. theater |
|A. Brazil |B. Iraq |C. Norway |D. Japan |
|A. scientific |B. ability |C. experience |D. material |
|A. complain |B. luggage |C. improve |D. forgive |
|A. offensive |B. delicious |C. dangerous |D. religious |
|A. develop |B. adjective |C. generous |D. popular |
|A. beautiful |B. important |C. delicious |D. exciting |
|A. element |B. regular |C. believing |D. policy |
|A. punctual |B. tolerant |C. utterance |D. occurrence |
|A. expensive |B. sensitive |C. negative |D. sociable |
|A. education |B. development |C. economic |D. preparation |
|A. attend |B. option |C. percent |D. become |
|A. literature |B. entertainment |C. recreation |D. information |
|A. attractive |B. perception |C. cultural |D. expensive |
|A. chocolate |B. structural |C. important |D. national |
|A. cinema |B. position |C. family |D. popular |
2. PRONUNCIATION
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that has its underlined part pronounced differently from that of the other words.
1. A) nurse B) films C) stops D) coughs
2. A) artificial B) distance C) centre D) cells
3. A) designer B) zoo C) Switzerland D) tables
4. A) although B) width C) thump D) thank
5. A) thought B) tough C) bought D) fought
6. A) raised B) talked C) watched D) laughed
7. A) homeless B) done C) become D) month
8. A) hidden B) minor C) written D) kitten
9. A) many B) lamb C) handle D) camera
10. A) there B) appear C) wear D) prepare
11. A) occupy B) puppy C) ready D) study
12. A) accident B) success C) accurate D) accept
13. A) private B) irrigate C) guidance D) environment
14. A) instruction B) shrub C) eruption D) supply
15. A) necessarily B) mechanic C) exception D) apprentice
16. A) basic B) erosion C) loose D) recycle
17. A) worry B) infer C) dirtying D) fertilizer
18. A) mile B) militant C) smile D) kind
19. A) relaxed B) mounted C) collected D) needed
20. A) picked B) considered C) stayed D) received
21. A) women B) bench C) lend D) spend
22. A) food B) good C) look D) blood
23. A) property B) access C) possession D) American
24. A) much B) number C) cut D) put
25. A) particular B) park C) smart D) hard
26. A) Africa B) access C) ache D) man
27. A) cat B) certain C) cook D) Canadian
28. A) respect B) send C) set D) then
29. A) good B) book C) use D) sugar
30. A) brain B) lamb C) comb D) climb
* PHẦN III: ĐÁP ÁN
1. STRESS
|1. D |2. A |3. B |
|SIMPLE PRESENT |- thói quen ở hiện tại- sự thật, chân lí. |- She often goes to school late. |
|(HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) |- hành động trong tương lai được đưa vào chương trình, kế |- The sun rises in the east. |
| |hoạch. |- The next term starts on 5 May. |
|Động từ “tobe”: |- If sentence type 1 |- If I come there tomorrow, I’ll phone you. |
|S + am/ is / are + … | | |
|S + am / is / are + not + … |* Dấu hiệu nhận biết: | |
|Am / Is / Are + S + …? |- always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, | |
| |every, normally, regularly, occasionally, as a rule … | |
|Động từ thường: | | |
|S + V1 / V(s/es) | | |
|S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1 | | |
|Do / Does + S + V1 …? | | |
| |- hành động đang diễn ra vào lúc nói. |- I can’t answer the phone. I’m having a bath. |
|PRESENT PROGRESSIVE |- dự định sẽ thực hiện trong tương lai gần. |- She is going to the cinema tonight. |
|(HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) |- hành động có tính chất tạm thời. |- He often goes to work by car, but today he is |
| |- Thường dùng tiếp theo câu đề nghị , mệnh lệnh |taking a bus. |
|S + am/is/are + V-ing |- hai hành động xảy ra song song kéo dài ở hiện tại |- Be quiet! The baby is sleeping. |
| |Dấu hiệu nhận biết:- at the moment, now, right now, at present |- My sister is playing badminton while my brother is|
|S + am/ is/ are + not + V-ing |- Look!- Listen!- Be quiet! |playing football at the moment. |
| |- Keep silent! | |
|Am / Is /Are + S + V-ing? | * Note: một số động từ thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn: | |
| |like, dislike, hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe, | |
| |understand, remember, forget, know, belong, have, taste, smell,| |
| |… | |
|PRESENT PERFECT |- hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có |- I have learnt English for five years. |
|(HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH) |thể tiếp tục trong tương lai. |- Tom has finished his homework. He is going to |
| |- hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ không rõ thời |school. |
|S + has / have + P.P |gian. |- I haven’t found the keys yet. I cannot enter the |
| |- hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà kết quả còn lưu lại ở hiện |house. |
|S + has / have + not + P.P |tại. |- She has just received a letter from her father. |
| |- hành động vừa mới xảy ra. | |
|Has / Have + S + P.P? |- Hành động được lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ | |
| |* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:- lately, recently (gần đây) | |
| |- so far, up to now, up to the present (cho tới bây giờ) | |
| |- in the past (ten) years (trong mười năm qua) | |
| |- in the last (years) (những năm gần đây) | |
| |- all my / his / her / their … life | |
| |- already, ever, never, just, yet, for, since. | |
| |- how long … | |
| |- this is the first time/second time… | |
| |- many times / several times … | |
|PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE |- nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động bắt đầu trong quá |- We have been waitingfor the bus for an hour. |
|(HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN) |khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai- |- They’ve been working in the garden since 3 |
|S + has / have + been + V-ing | |o’clock. |
| | |- |
|S + has / have + not + been + V-ing | | |
| | | |
|Has / Have + S + been + V-ing …? | | |
|SIMPLE PAST |- hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt ở một thời điểm xác định trong |- She went to London last year. |
|(QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) |quá khứ. |- The man came to the door, unlocked it, entered the|
| |- kể lại một chuỗi hành động xảy ra liên tục trong quá khứ. |room, went to the bed and lay down on it. |
|Động từ “tobe”: |- một thói quen trong quá khứ. |- When we were students, we often went on a picnic |
|S + / were/ was + … | |every weekend. |
|S + wasn’t / weren’t + … |* Dấu hiệu nhận biết: | |
|Was / Were + S + …? |- yesterday, last week, last month, …ago, in 1990, in the past,| |
| |… | |
|Động từ thường: | | |
|S + V2 / V-ed | | |
|S + didn’t + V1 | | |
|Did + S + V1 ….? | | |
|PAST PROGRESSIVE |- hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá |- He was doinghis homework at 8 o’clock last night. |
|(QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) |khứ |- The children were playing football while their |
| |- hai hành động cùng xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ |mother was cooking the meal. |
|S + was / were + V-ing |-diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì một hành động khác xen |When we were having dinner, the light went out. |
| |vào. ( hành động đang xảy ra được dùng ở quá khứ tiếp diễn , |- We were watching TV all the evening last Sunday. |
|S + was / were + not + V-ing |còn hành động xen vào được dùng ở quá khứ đơn) | |
| |* Dấu hiệu nhận biết: | |
|Was / Were + S + V-ing…? |- at that time, at (9 o’clock) last night, at this time (last | |
| |week), in the summer, during the summer, all day, all week, all| |
| |month, … | |
|PAST PERFECT |- hành động xảy ra trước hành động khác hoặc trước một thời |- When I arrived at the party, they had already |
|(QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH |điểm trong quá khứ |left. |
| |* Dấu hiệu nhận biết: |.- He had read that book many times before he gave |
|S + had + P.P |- already, ever, never, before, , by the time, after, when, ….|it to you. |
| | | |
|S + hadn’t + P.P | | |
| | | |
|Had + S + P.P …? | | |
|PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE |- diễn tả một hành động quá khứ xảy ra một khoảng thời gian, |- When she arrived, I had been waitingfor two hours.|
|(QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN) |thì hành động quá khứ thứ hai xuất hiện ( khoảng thời gian | |
|S + had + been + V-ing |thường được nêu rõ trong câu) | |
| |* Dấu hiệu nhận biết: | |
|S + hadn’t + been + V-ing |, when, for, since, …. | |
| | | |
|Had + S + been + V-ing …? | | |
|SIMPLE FUTURE |- hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai- một quyết định được đưa |- He will come back tomorrow. |
|(TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN) |ra vào lúc nói |- The phone is ringing. I will answer it. |
| |- một đề nghị hoặc lời hứa |- I promise. I won’t tell anyone about your plan. |
|S + will / shall + V(bare- inf) |- một lời đe dọa |- I will tell your mother if you do that again. |
| | | |
|S + will / shall + not + V(bare- inf) |* Dấu hiệu nhận biết: | |
| |- tomorrow, next, in 2012, …. | |
|Will / Shall + S + V(bare-inf) …? |- I think / guess | |
| |- I am sure / I am not sure | |
| TƯƠNG LAI GẦN |
|S + am/ is /are + going to + V ( bare –inf) |
|Lưu ý cách dùng của Be going to + V1 |
|- diễn tả một dự định đã được sắp đặt trước |
|Ex: She is going to buy a new computer. (She has saved for a year) |
|- diễn tả một dự đoán có căn cứ |
|Ex: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain. |
|FUTURE PROGRESSIVE |- hành động sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai |- At 7 o’clock tonight, we will be |
|(TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN) |- hai hành động sẽ xảy ra đồng thời trong tương lai |watchingthe news. |
| |- nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động từ lúc sẽ bắt đầu và kết thúc |- I will be cooking dinner while my |
|S + will / shall + be + V-ing |trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định trong tương lai |daughter will be cleaning the floor. |
| | |- They will be working all this afternoon.|
|S + will / shall + be + V-ing |* Dấu hiệu nhận biết: | |
| |- at 9 o’clock tonight, at this time tomorrow, at this time next week / | |
|Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing…? |month / year,… | |
|FUTURE PERFECT |- hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời điểm trong tương lai- hành động |- I will have finishedmy homework by 9 |
|(TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH) |sẽ hoàn thành trước một hành động, sự việc khác trong tương lai |p.m. |
| | |- I will have finished my homework before |
|S + will /shall + have + P.P |* Dấu hiệu nhận biết: |I go to bed. |
| |- when, before, by, by the time, … | |
|S + won’t / shan’t + have + P.P | | |
| | | |
|Will / Shall + S + have + P.P ….? | | |
| |
|THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
|S+ will + have + been + V-ing |
|Usage: Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và kéo dài đến một thời điểm cho trước ở tương lai. |
|Dấu hiệu nhận biết: |
|By…….for ( + khoảng thời gian) |
|By then/ by the time |
|Eg:By December, we will have been living in this house for 10 years. |
NOTE: Không dùng các động từ chỉ nhận thức tri giác ở các thì tiếp diễn
Một số công thức cần lưu ý
Note 1:
When + Simple Past, Past Continuous
|or| Past Continuous + when + Simple Past
|or| Simple Past+ when + Past Continuous
Note 2:
While + Past Continuous, Simple Past
|or| Simple Past+ while + Past Continuous
|or| Past Continuous+ while + Past Continuous
Note 3:
Before/ by the time + Simple Past, Past perfect
|or| Past perfect+ before/by the time + Simple Past
Note 4:
After + Past perfect, Simple Past
|or| Simple Past+ after + Past perfect
Note 5:
S +will / shall /may /can…..+ when /until / as soon as / before/after… + Simple Present/Present Perfect
|or| when /until / as soon as / before/after… + Simple Present/Present Perfect + S +will / shall /may /can…..
Note 6:
Present Perfect + since + Simple Past
|or| Since + Simple Past/ Present Perfect
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM (50 CÂU)
1-I …….Louisiana state University.
A-am attending B-attend C-was attending D-attended
2-He has been selling motorcycles……………
A-ten years ago B-since ten years C-for ten years ago D-for ten years
3-Columbus…….America more then 400 years ago.
A-discovered B-has discovered C-had discovered D-he has gone
4-He fell down when he ……towards the church.
A-run B-runs C-was running D-had run
5-We …….there when our father died.
A-still lived B-lived still C-was still living D-were still living
6-They …….pingpong when their father comes back home.
A- will play B-will be playing C-play D-would play
7-I…….in the room now.
A-am being B-was being C-have been being D-am
8-I……..to New York three times this year.
A-have been B-was C-were D-had been
9-I will come and see you before I……..for America.
A-leave B-will leave C-have left D-shall leave
10-John ……a book when I saw him.
A-is reading B-read C-was reading D-reading
11-Jack …..the door.
A-has just opened B-open C-will have opened D-opening
12-I have been waiting for you……….
A-since early morning B-since 9 a. m C-for two hours D-all are correct
13-My sister…….for you since yesterday.
A- is looking B-was looking C-has been looking D-looked
14-The train ………half an hour.
A-has been leaving B-left C-has left D-had left
15-We ………Doris since last Sunday.
A-don’t see B-haven’t seen C-didn’t see D-hadn’t seen
16-After I………lunch, I looked for my bag.
A-had B-had had C-have has D-have had
17-By the end of next year, George………English for 2 years.
A- will have learned B-will learn C-has learned D-would learn
18-Henry ………into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner.
A-was going B-went C-has gone D-did go
19-He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he …….dinner.
A-finish B-finishes C-will finish D-shall have finished
20-Before you asked, the letter……….
A- was written B-had been written C-had written D-has been written
21-Oil ……if you pour it on water.
A-floated B-floats C-will be floated D-float
22- Almost everyone……for home by the time we arrived.
A-leave B-left C-leaves D-had left
23-By the age of 25, he …….two famous novels.
A- wrote B-writes C-has written D-had written
24-While her husband was in the army, Janet ……. to him twice a week.
A-was writing B-wrote C-was written D-had written
25-I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I……..to play.
A-try B-tried C-have tried D-am trying
26-I don’t understand this sentence. What…………………….?
A-does mean this word B-have this word mean
C-means this word D-does this word mean
27-John……..tennis once or twice a week.
A-usually play B-is usually playing C-usually plays D-have usually played
28-At 5 o’clock yesterday evening, I………my clothes.
A-am ironing B-have ironed C-ironed D-was ironing
29-Why ……..at me like that? What’s the matter?
A-do you look B-have you looked C-did you look D-are you looking
30-I……..along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me.
A-was walking B-am walking C-walk D-walked
31-She ……..German for two years.
A-has learnt B-is learning C-learn D-learns
32-I usually …….away at weekends.
A-have gone B-goes C-am going D-go
33-When I last………Jane, she ……..to find a job.
A-see/was trying B-saw/was trying C-have seen/tried D-saw/tried
34-I……….at 8 o’clock every morning.
A-was getting up B-got up C-is getting up D-get up
35-It is a nice day. I ……….we go out for a walk.
A-suggested B-suggest C-is suggesting D-are suggesting
36-Tim was tired. He ……….hard all day.
A-has been studying B-studies C-studied D-had been studying
37-What time…..the banks close in Britain?
A-do B-did C-does D-can
38-I……..here at the end of the month.
A-will leave B-would leave C-would have left D-is leaving
39-My grandfather………many years ago.
A-had died B-has died C-died D-was dying
40-At last the bus came. We ………..for half an hour.
A-waited B-was waiting C-have waited D-had been waiting
41-Daniel……the bus. It doesn’t run on Sundays.
A-did not catch B-have not caught C-had not caught D-couldn’t have caught
42-I’m feeling sick. I……..so much chocolate last night.
A-needn’t to eat B-did not eat C- mustn’t eat D-shouldn’t have eaten
43-I’m going on holiday on Saturday. This time next week I……on a beach in the sea.
A-will lie B-am lying C- will be lying D-should be lying
44-Ted and Amy……for 24 years.
A-have been married B-married C-were married D-has been married
45-Tomorrow I……….my grandparents.
A-am going to visit B-will have visited C-have visited D-visit
46-When the first child was born, they……..married for three years.
A-have been married B-had been married
C-will been married D-will have been married
47-I think the weather……….nice later.
A-will be B-be C-had D- has been
48-She ……..very angry when she knows this.
A-shall be B-has been C-will have been D-will be
49-The man got out the car ,………round to the back and opened the boot.
A-walking B-walked C-walks D-walk
50-For several years his ambition………to be a pilot.
A-is B-has been C-was D-had been
* PHẦN III: ĐÁP ÁN
|1. A |2. D |
|Simple present |Simple future |
|Subject + V-s/es…….. |Subject + will/shall + V-bare infinitive…… |
| If + S + V/V-s/es…………., S + will/shall + V-bare infinitive….. |
Ex: 1. If I have enough time, I will write to my parents.
2. If they try hard, they will pass the exam.
B. Cách dùng
Dùng diễn tả điều kiện có thể xãy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
* Chú ý.
1. Chúng ta có thể dùng Can, May, Might, Must, Have to, Should, Had better để thay thế cho Will / Shall
Can: Dùng diễn tả một khả năng, năng lực có thể làm. (ability)
Ex: 1. If you work harder, you can get success.
May: Dùng diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra, hoặc một sự cho phép, xin phép.
Ex: 1. If you don’t feel well, you may go home now.
Must: Diễn tả sự bắt buộc hay cần thiết có tính chủ quan.(do cảm nghĩ của người nói)
Ex: 1. If you want to pass the final exam, you must study harder.
Have to: Diễn tả sự bắt buộc hay cần thiết có tính khách quan.(do yếu tố bên ngoài)
Ex: 1. If you want to cross the river, you have to take the ferry.
Should: Diễn tả lời khuyên.
Ex: 1. If you want to lose weight, you should go on a diet.
2. Chúng ta có thể dùng thể mệnh lệnh (imperative form) ở mệnh đề chính khi muốn thể hiện sự yêu cầu, đề nghị, cho phép. . . .
Ex 1. If you see him, tell him to write to me.
2. Don’t go outside the harbor if the wind is strong.
3. Ta có thể dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (present continuous) hay hiện tại hoàn thành (present perfect) để thay cho hiện tại đơn trong mệnh đề “If”.
Ex:
4. Ta dùng thì hiện tại đơn thay cho thì tương lai đơn ở mệnh đề chính để diễn tả quy luật của thiên nhiên hoặc một hậu quả tất yếu. (gọi là điều kiện loại 0)
Ex 1. If you heat ice, it turns to water.
2. If you cook water, it boils at 100C
2. Type 2: Present unreal conditional sentence.
A. Cách thành lập.
|If – clause |Main clause |
|Past subjunctive |Simple conditional |
|Subject + V-ed / column 2….. To be ( were |S + could/should/would/might + V-bare inf. ... |
|If + S + V-ed/3…………………………….., S + would/should/could…+ V(bare)…….. |
Ex: 1. If he were here, he might tell the truth.
2. I have a little money now. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a new bicycle.
B. Cách dùng
Dùng diễn tả điều kiện không thật hoặc trái ngược với một sự việc xãy ra ở hiện tại.
* Chú ý.
1. Ta có thể dùng “would be doing” thay thế cho “would do” ở mệnh đề chính.
Ex: 1. If I were on holiday in Do son, I would be lying in the sun now.
2. Ta có thể dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (past continuous) thay thế cho thì quá khứ đơn (past simple) ở mệnh đề điều kiện (if-clause)
Ex: 1. If my car were working, I could drive you to the station
3. Type 3: Past unreal conditional sentence.
A. Cách thành lập.
|If – clause |Main clause |
|Past perfect |Conditional prefect |
|(Subject + had + PP……..) |S + could/would/should/might + have + PP. …. |
Ex: 1. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have given you the letter.
2. If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken you to the movies.
B. Cách dùng:
Dùng diễn tả điều kiện không thật hoặc trái ngược với một sự việc đã xãy ra trong quá khứ.
* Chú ý.
1. Ta có thể dùng “would have been doing” thay thế cho “would have done” ở mệnh đề chính.
2. Ta có thể dùng “had been doing” thay thế cho “had done” ở mệnh đề điều kiện.
Ex 1. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would been seriously injured.
II. Những hình thức khác trong câu điều kiện.
1. Ta dùng Unless (trừ phi, nếu . . . không) thay thế cho If…..not
Ex 1. Unless it rains, we will go to the cinema = If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the cinema.
2. If she doesn’t water these trees, they will die = Unless she water these trees, they will die.
2. Ta có thể bỏ “If” và “ Unless” bằng cách đảo chủ từ ra sau should, were, had.
a. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo
Ex: If he has free time, he’ll play tennis.
( Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis
b. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to - infinitive, S + Would + Vo
Ex: If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
( Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book
Ex If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
( Were I you, I wouldn’t do that.
c. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved
If he had trained hard, he would have won the match.
( Had he trained hard, he would have won the match.
3. Ta có thể kết hợp điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 trong một câu. (Câu điều kiện pha trộn)
Ex: 1. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now. (Kinh nghiệm: Thường có trạng từ đi theo)
2. You wouldn’t be so hungry if you had had breakfast this morning.(Kinh nghiệm: Hoặc không cho trạng từ thì ta dịch tình huống)
4. Mệnh đề điều kiện có thể rút gọn thành “without (không có) / thank to (nhờ vào) + phrase”
Ex: 1. Without water, we couldn’t exist = If there weren’t any water, we couldn’t exist.
2. If he hadn’t lent us the money, we wouldn’t have been able to buy the house
= Without his money, we wouldn’t have been able to buy the house
5. Provided (that), on condition (that), as long as , so long as ( miễn là, với điều kiện là )
Suppose, supposing (giả sử như )
In case ( trong trường hợp )
Even if (ngay cả khi, dù cho) . . . có thể dùng thay thế cho “If” trong mệnh đề điều kiện
Ex: 1. In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.
2. Suppose the news is true, what will you do?
3. I’ll change my decision provided that you accept my offer.
6. Câu điều kiện có “Otherwise / Or / Or else” (nếu không thì)
Dạng câu như sau: Imperative + or + Clause = If you don’t + V. . ., Clause
= If you aren’t + . . . , Clause
Ex: 1. Go away or I will call the police. = If you don’t go away, I will call the police.
2. Be careful or you will cut yourself. = If you aren’t careful, you will cut yourself.
3. Give me the money or/ or else I’ll kill you. = If you don’t give me the money, I’ll kill you.
4. You should come back before 10.00 pm. Otherwise, you’ll be locked outside
= If you don’t come back before 10.00 pm. You’ll be locked outside.
5. I used my father’s car. I would have been late, otherwise
= If I hadn’t used my father’s car, I would have been late.
7. Cấu trúc: As If / As though (như thể)
• Chỉ hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
|S1 + Vsimple present + As if /As though + S2 + Vsimple present |
Ex 1. Do you hear that music next door? It sounds As if they are having a party
• Chỉ hành động hoặc sự kiện không có thật ở hiện tại.
|S1 + Vsimple present + As if /As though + S2 + Vpast simple |
Ex 1. He acts as though he were rich.
2. He talks as if he knew everything in the world.
• Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ở quá khứ.
|S1 + Vsimple past + As if /As though + S2 + Vpast perfect |
Ex: 1. Jeff looked as though he had seen a ghost.
2. She talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize.
8. Mệnh đề điều kiện được thay thế bằng “But for” (nếu không tại…/nếu không vì…)
But for + phrase / noun / V-ing = “If it weren’t for….”
= “If it hadn’t been for…”
Ex: 1. But for the high salary, the job wouldn’t be worth doing
= If it weren’t for the high salary, the job wouldn’t be worth doing
2. But for the bad weather ,we would have enjoyed the journey
= If it hadn’t been for the bad weather, we would have enjoyed the journey
3. But for the storm, we should have arrived much earlier
= If it hadn’t been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
9. Dạng câu: “Do you mind if I . . . / Would you mind if I . . .”
Dạng câu 1: “Do you mind / Would you mind + V-ing. . .”
Dạng câu 2: “Do you mind if I + V- infinitive . . .”
Dạng câu 3: “Would you mind if I + V Past simple . . .”
Ex 1: A: Would you mind sitting in the front seat of the taxi?
B: No problem
Ex 2: A: Would you mind if I took a photo?
B: Not at all
Ex 3: A: Do you mind if I sit down?
B: Please do.
10. If only = I wish / I hope (ước gì.., hy vọng rằng…)
Ex 1: If only he comes = I hope he comes
Câu “If only” có thể đứng một mình, và có thể là mệnh đề điều kiện trong câu điều kiện.
Ex 2: If only he comes!
If only he comes early, we’ll be able to warm him.
III. CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TỪ TÌNH HUỐNG
T. HUỐNG CHO: 1.Có từ “OR & AND” : viết đk loại 1
2. H.tại : loại 2
3.Q. khư : loại 3
4.Có từ “SO”: viết xuôi S + V SO S + V
( IF + S + V , S + V
5. Có từ “BECAUSE”: viết ngược
S + V because S +V
( IF + S + V , S + V
6. Phủ định viết khẳng định & ngược lại
Examples: 1. I am not clever, so I won’t be a doctor.
( If I were clever, I would be a doctor.
2. John was sick because he ate much cake.
( If John hadn’t eaten much cake, he’d not have been sick.
Trường hợp khác :
1.
| S + can /will + V1 but S + must/ have to + V1 |
| |
|IF + S + V1/Vs,es , S + can/ will + V1 ( Đk 1) |
Ex: I’ll let you borrow the book but you must promise to return it next week.
( If you promise to return the book next week, I’ll let you borrow it.
2.
| V 1 or S + will /can +V1 |
| |
|( S + will/ can + V1 unless you + V1 |
Ex: Work hard or you’ll fail the exam
( You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard.
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM (50 CÂU)
I. Choose the word or phrase that bests completes each sentence.
1. If I………him yesterday, I would have to come back tomorrow.
a. didn’t meet b. have met c. met d. hadn’t met
2. If she………the truth, I think she’d never want to see you again.
a. would know b. knows c. will know d. knew
3. I would never have believed………it with my own eyes.
a. if I didn’t see b. if I hadn’t seen c. if I haven’t seen d. if I wouldn’t have seen
4. Such typing mistakes………avoided if you had ben more careful.
a. can have been b. would be c. might have been d. should be
5. Carol was late for work this morning. But for the traffic jam, she………half an hour earlier.
a. could come b. could have come c. had come d. can have come
6. Don’t worry………home late tonight.
a. when I’ll be b. if I’ll be c. unless I’ll be d. if I’m
7. I………one of my special desserts for dinner, if you like.
a. make b. ‘ll make c. ‘m going to make d. ‘m making
8. If I………the flu, I would have joined you for the trip.
a. hadn’t had b. haven’t had c. didn’t have d. had had
9. But for the hold-up, we………here in time.
a. would have been b. could be c. had been d. must have been
10. I lost your phone number. Otherwise, I………you much earlier.
a. will contact b. would have contacted c. would contact d. had contacted
11. If the lecturer………so quickly, we’d have understood his speech better.
a. didn’t speak b. hadn’t spoken c. wouldn’t have spoken d. shouldn’t have spoken
12. If you put salt in water, it………
a. dissolves b. would dissolve c. could dissolve d. dissolved
13. ………, please paint the windows before you leave.
a. If you’ll have enough time b. If you have enough time
c. Unless you have enough time b. Unless you can have enough time
14. Jeff wouldn’t have bumped into the waitress if he………in such a hurry.
a. weren’t b. hasn’t been c. hadn’t been d. wouldn’t have been
15. If you………Mary by chance, please give her my phone number.
a. met b. should meet c. could meet d. will meet
16. My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I………this shop.
a. hadn’t opened b. couldn’t open c. weren’t be able to open d. wouldn’t have opened
17. I think she would forgive you if you………to speak to her.
a. are trying b. would try c. tried d. have tried
18. I wouldn’t have to take this course if my English………better.
a. were b. had been c. would be d. would have been
19. If we hadn’t got lost, we………arrived much earlier.
a. had b. would be c. might be d. could have
20. But for his wife’s encouragement, he………gotten to the top of his profession.
a. hadn’t b. hasn’t c. won’t have d. wouldn’t have
21. She was too shy. Otherwise, she………many more friends.
a. will make b. can make c. would have made d. should have made
22. If I had known that you couldn’t eat eel, I………bought it.
a. wouldn’t b. won’t have c. hadn’t d. wouldn’t have
23. Without the life-jackets, most passengers………drowned in that accident.
a. would have been b. would be c. had been d. were
24. If I………Japanese was so difficult, I wouldn’t have taken it up.
a. knew b. had known c. would have known d. might have known
25. If the story………true, the newspaper would have printed it.
a. wasn’t b. weren’t c. didn’t be d. hadn’t been
II. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that needs correcting.
26. What do you do if you won the first prize of the lottery?
27. Would people be able to fly if they have feathers instead of hair?
28. I would do it if I could, but I can’t so I wouldn’t even trry.
29. If a drop of oil is placed in a glass of water, it would float to the top.
30. If Peter had been more careful, he wouldn’t break the camera I lent him.
31. Roger wouldn’t have made such a lot of mistakes if he hasn’t been so tired.
32. How nice it would be for our parents if we could built the house.
33. He wouldn’t have able to pass the test if his English hadn’t been good enough.
34. If only we knew all this information about the market many weeks ago.
35. If your son were old enough, he could be able to take the competition next week.
36. If she had send a telegram, we would have received it by now.
37. They wouldn’t have order more books if they had noticed that the sales were falling.
38. I would have called you if I could have known your number.
39. Had I known you were in hospital, I had come to visit you.
40. If I were to win one million dollars, I’ll quit my job at one.
41. If you knew anything about the accident, you’d better call the police.
42. Ice always melts if the air temperature was warm enough.
43. In case you needed to see me, I’ll be in my office tomorrow morning around ten.A
44. It’s easy Maria to speak Spanish because it’s her native language.
45. The sun is so bright to look at directly.
46. My father gave me a watch for my birthday, but I wish he has given me laptop instead.
47. If your son were old enough, he could be able to take the competition next week.
48. If she had send a telegram, we would have received it by now.
49. They wouldn’t have order more books if they had noticed that the sales were falling.
50. I would have called you if I could have known your number.
* PHẦN III: ĐÁP ÁN
|1D |2D |3B |4C |
|Người (person) |Who/That |Whom/That |Whose |
|Vật (Thing) |Which/That |Which/That |Of which/ whose |
1. Đại từ quan hệ. (Relative Clauses)
a. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son.
( I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son.
The woman is standing over there. She is my sister.
(The woman who is standing over there is my sister.
b. WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.
( I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to.
The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.
( The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
c. WHICH: thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.
Ex: She works for a company. It makes cars
( She works for a company which makes cars.
The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages.
( The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big.
Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó
Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents.
( He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ)
d. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định
Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son.
- The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister.
- I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to.
- The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
- She works for a company that/ which makes cars.
- The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big.
Chú ý (notes)
Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:
* Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật:
Ex: - He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
* Sau đại từ bất định: something, anyone, nobody, everything,anything. . .và các từ: all, much, very, only. .
Ex: - I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
- All that is mine is yours.
- Answer all the questions that I asked.
- You are the only person that can help us.
* Sau so sánh nhất của tính từ, số thứ tự, first, last
Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
- Paris is the finest city that I have ever seen.
* Trong cấu trúc “It is/ It was . . . . that . . . .” (chính là . . .)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence. (Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)
It was he that killed the lion (Chính anh ấy đã giết con sư tử)
Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:
* Không dùng trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định.
Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
( Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
* Không dùng sau giới từ.
Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale.
( The house in which I was born is for sale.
e. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-).
Ex: John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
( John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken.
This is the student. I borrowed his book.
(This is the student whose book I borrowed.
f. OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
( Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
( He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
g. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
( The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast.
The house is for sale. I was born in it.
( The house in which I was born is for sale.
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.
2. Trạng từ quan hệ. (Relative Adverbs)
a. WHERE (in/ on/ at ... which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn như: there, here, at that place, in this, in that. . .
Ex: The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
( The movie theater is the place where we can see films.
b. WHEN (in/ on which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian như: then, at that time, on that day
Ex: Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
( Do you remember the day when we first met?
c. WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ lí do như: reason, for that reason . . .
Ex: Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
( Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
CÓ 2 LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
I. Restrictive Relative Clauses: (Mệnh đề hạn định)
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ không rõ nghĩa.
Ex: I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
( I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.
* LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH hạn định.
II. Non-restritive Relative Clauses:(Mệnh đề không hạn định)
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ (nó chỉ là phần giải thích thêm), nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa.
- Mệnh đề này ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định khi:
* Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this / that / these / those / my / her /his / . . .
* Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn
Ex: My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
( My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
Mr. Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.
( Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
The sun made the traveller thirsty. It was hot at midday.
( The sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveller thirsty
The boys in the next room are my students. They are making noise.
( The boys in the next room, who are making noise, are my students.
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG được bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH,. . .trong MĐQH không hạn định.
Ex: Mr Brown, we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
KHÔNG được dùng THAT trong MĐQH không hạn định.
Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
B. REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES (Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)
1. Dùng phân từ:
a. Dùng cụm V-ing:
Được dùng khi động từ chính trong MĐQH ở thể chủ động hoặc “Be”
Ex: The man who is standing there is my brother.
( The man standing there is my brother
Those people who are taking photos over there come from Sweden.
( Those people taking photos over there come from Sweden.
Fans who want to buy tickets started queuing early.
( Fans wanting to buy tickets started queuing early.
b. Dùng cụm P.P: (V3/ V-ed)
Được dùng khi động từ chính trong MĐQH ở thể bị động.
Ex: I like books which were written by Nguyen Du.
( I like books written by Nguyen Du.
Most students who were punished last week are lazy.
( Most students punished last week are lazy.
2. Dùng cụm To-infinitive: (. . . Noun/ Pronoun + to-infinitive / to be + P.P. . . )
Được dùng khi danh từ đứng trước (danh từ cần bổ sung nghĩa) có các từ sau đây: the only, the first, the second…., the next, the last, …… the + ADJ-est or the most + ADJ,……
Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
( This is the only student to do the problem.
Được dùng khi động từ là: HAVE
Ex: I have something that I must do now. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
( I have something to do now.
Được dùng khi câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today. (động từ mang nghĩa bị động)
( There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần rút gọn thành To-infinitive này cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
* Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm “for somebody” trước to-inf.
Ex: We have some picture books that children can read.
( We have some picture books for children to read.
* Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone.... thì có thể không cần ghi ra.
Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
( Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us) to think about.
* Nếu trước ĐTQH (relative pronoun) có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu.
Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
( We have a peg to hang our coat on.
3. Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ )
Được dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng: “S + BE + DANH TỪ/CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ”
Cách làm: Ta bỏ who, which và be
Ex: Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
( Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.
Do you like the book which is on the table?
( Do you like the book on the table?
The books which are on that shelf are mine.
( The books on that shelf are mine.
PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN:
Bước 1: - Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ nào
Bước này dễ vì mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu bằng WHO,WHICH,THAT...
Bước 2: - Bước này chủ yếu là rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm từ
1. Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức “S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ. . .” không? Nếu có ta áp dụng công thức 3 (đồng cách danh từ).
2. Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trước who which . . . có các dấu hiệu first, only, . . . . không, nếu có thì ta áp dụng công thức 2 (to-infinitive) lưu ý thêm xem 2 chủ từ có khác nhau không để dùng (for sb)
3. Nếu không có 2 trường hợp trên mới xét xem câu đó chủ động hay bị động mà dùng V-ing hay P.P.
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM (50 CÂU)
Choose the best answer.
1. The boy to…………….I lent my money is poor.
A. that B. who C. whom D. B and C
2. The knife………………….we cut bread is very sharp.
A. with that B. which C. with which D. that
3. Cathy is trustworthy. She’s a person upon …………………you can always depend.
A. who B. whom C. that D. Ф
4. The man ……….I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university.
A. whom B. that C. o D. all are correct
5. Your career should focus on a field…………..you are genuinely interested.
A. on which B. in which C. which D. that
6. The boy………………went to the hospital t ask for doctor’s help.
A. whose sick sister B. whose sister - sicked
C. who his sister is sick D. whose sister was sick
7. Fish have nostrils……..are used for smelling not to breathing as many people would believe.
A. they B. whom C. what D. that
8. You gave me precious help……….I am extremely grateful.
A. to which B. for that C. to that D. for which
9. The valley ……………the village locates is heavily polluted.
A. which B. in which C. in where D. at which
10. These are the children………………………………………
A. whom I will look after B. after whom I will look
C. after who I will look D. which I will look after
11. Hanoi is a city the population………………………is large.
A. it B. which C. who D. that
12. In my hometown, there is a park……………………..has a beautiful lake.
A. where B. which C. in which D. in where
13. She has two sons. Both of…………………work abroad
A. who B. whom C. them D. people
14. I met the waiters, several of……………..are university students.
A. them B. who C. that D. whom
15. I bought 20 roses, three…………..were destroyed before I came home.
A. of them B. among them C. among which D. of which
16. John, ………that his girlfriend went out with another guy, decided to say good bye to her.
A. believed B. believing C. to believe D. believe
17. It is estimated that no more than 200 Siberian tigers………………in the wild.
A. lived B. leaving C. living D. left
18. Can you find a place………………is suitable for all of us?
A. which B. where C. in which D. what
19. The movie…………..we are talking about is fantastic.
A. which B. that C. Ф D. D. all are correct
20. This is Bob, ………………..sister works for my father’s company.
A. that B. whose C. who’s D. whom
21. The office……………we are working in………………..in bad shape.
A. where – is B. which – is C. in which – is D. in that – is
22. The little girl ………………..I borrowed this pen has gone.
A. whose B. from who C. from that D. from whom
23. The farmers and their cattle……….had been tripped in the storm were fortunately rescued.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
24. Do you know that environmentalist……………………..?
A. with whom I used to work B. with that I used to work
C. with I used to work D. with who I used to work
25. Rain forests influence the Greenhouse effect,………traps heat inside the Earth’s atmosphere.
A. that B. which C. where D. whose
26. The local authority banned us from going near the forest…………there is a serious fire.
A. for which B. in that C. that D. where
27. Did you listen to the lecture on the environment by Dr. Pike,………………..
A. whom I have ever told you about B. about that I have ever told you
C. I have ever told you D. that I have ever told you
28. ……………..want to use rain forests are cutting them down without any hesitation.
A. People who B. People which C. People whom D. Who
29. The man showed us the cage……………..he kept a fierce lion.
A. which B. that C. in which D. in that
30. Those villagers…………..near the forest chop down hardwoods to sell for high prices.
A. for whom to live B. live C. who live D. whom live
31. Atlanta is the city........ the Olympic Games were held in 1996.
A. that B. when C. where D. which
32. The teacher notices the students ____ often come to class late.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
33. The house in ____ I was born is for sale.
A. which B. where C. that D. A & C are correct
34. What is the picture ____ you are looking at
A. which B. when C. whose D. whom
35. That is the chair ____ he used to sit on for meals.
A. which B. whose C. that D. A & C are correct
36. In the middle of the village, there is a well from ____ the villagers take water to drink.
A. that B. which C. whom D. who
37. I must thank the people ____ I got the present from.
A. who B. whom C. that D. All are correct
38. There is a NO PARKING sign ____ I did not take notice of.
A. that B. which C. who D. A & B are correct
39. Ann, ____ lives next door, is very friendly.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
40. The film was about Shakespeare, _________ plays are famous all over the world.
A. which B. whose C. that D. who
41. The book___ I lent to him is very interesting.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. who
42. The young boy ____ car was stolen called the police.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. who
43. Did you see the woman_____ father was taken to the hospital?
A. that B. whose C. whom D. who
44. That car, _____ I told you about, is very expensive.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. which
45. Mr. Baker, ____ lives next to my door, will buy a new house.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. who
46. The bed in____ he slept last night is really good.
A. that B. whose C. which D. who
47. This is the only boy____ won the scholarship.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. which
48. Is that the dictionary_____ you wanted to buy?
A. that B. which C. whom D. A & B are correct
49. A lot of fish___ live in polluted sea die every day.
A. which B. whose C. whom D. who
50. The Nile, ____ is the home of a great variety of fish, is in Egypt.
A. that B. which C. whom D. whose
* PHẦN III: ĐÁP ÁN
|1 |
|21 |
|41 |42 |
|- now |( then, at that time, at once, immediately |
|- an hour ago |( an hour before/an hour earlier |
|- today |( that day |
|- tonight |( that night |
|- yesterday |( the day before/the previous day |
|- tomorrow |( the next day/the following day |
|- Yesterday morning/ afternoon |( the previous morning/ afternoon |
|- Tomorrow morning |( the next/following morning |
|- the day before yesterday |( two days before |
|- the day after tomorrow |( (in) two days’ time |
|- last year |( the year before/the previous year |
|- next month |( the month after/the following month |
b. Từ chỉ nơi chốn, địa điểm:
HERE ( THERE: Khi chỉ một địa điểm xác định
Eg: “Do you put the pen here?” he said ( He asked me if I put the pen there
HERE( cụm từ thích hợp tùy theo nghĩa:
Eg: She said to me, “You sit here” ( She told me to sit next to her.
“Come here, John,” he said ( He told John to come over him.
c. Các đại từ chỉ định:
THIS/ THESE + từ chỉ thời gian ( THAT/THOSE
Eg: “They’re coming this evening,” he said. ( He said (that) they were coming that evening
THIS/THESE + danh từ ( THE
Eg: “Is this book yours?” said Mary ( Mary asked me if the book was mine
THIS/THESE: chỉ thị đại từ ( IT/ THEM
Eg: He said, “I like this” ( He said (that) he liked it
Ann said to Tom, “Please take these into my room” ( Ann asked Tom to take them into her room
4. Thay đổi thì của động từ
➢ Các trường hợp thay đổi thì:
Khi các động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask…) ở thì quá khứ, động từ trong câu gián tiếp phải lùi về quá khứ một thì so với câu trực tiếp.
|Câu trực tiếp |Câu gián tiếp |
|Simple Present: “I don’t know this man” |Simple Past: He said he didn’t know that man |
|Present Continuous: “I’m working for a foreign company” |Past Continuous: He said he was working for a foreign company |
|Present Perfect: “I’ve read a good book” |Past Perfect: He said he had read a good book |
|Present Perfect Continuous: “I have been writing my report”. |Past Perfect Continuous: He said he had been writing his report |
|Simple Past: “I finished my assignment” |Past Perfect: He said he had finished his assignment |
|Simple Future: “I will do it later” |Future in the past: He said he would do it later. |
|Modal Verbs: |Past forms of modals: |
|“I can work late today” |He said he could work late that day |
|“I may see her tonight” |He said he might see her that night |
|“I must/have to go now” |He said he had to go then |
➢ Các trường hợp không thay đổi thì:
a. Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask…) ở thì hiện tại đơn, tương lai đơn hay hiện tại hoàn thành:
Eg: He says, “I don’t know the answer to your question”
( He says to me that he doesn’t know the answer to my question
They’ll say, “We’ll buy a new house” ( They’ll say (that) they will buy a new house
b. Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask…) ở thì quá khứ, động từ trong câu gián tiếp không đổi thì trong các trường hợp sau :
- Tường thuật một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý, định luật khoa học hay vật lý:
Eg: My teacher said, “Russia is the biggest country in the world”
( My teacher said that Russia is the biggest country in the world
He said, “health is more precious than gold” ( He said (that) health is more precious than gold
- Được tường thuật ngay sau khi nói hay khi thuật lại sự kiện vẫn không đổi:
Eg: (In class): A: What did the teacher say?
B: He said (that) he wants us to do our homework
- Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp là các động từ như: USED TO, hay các động từ khiếm khuyết: COULD, WOULD, SHOULD, MIGHT, OUGHT TO, HAD TO, HAD BETTER
Eg: He said, “They might win the game” ( He said to me that they might win the game.
- Với MUST diễn tả lời khuyên:
Eg: “This book is very useful. You must read it”, Tom said to me.
( Tom told me (that) the book was very useful and I must read it.
- Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp ở các thì: Past Continuous, Past perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, (nếu thì Simple Past đi kèm một thời gian cụ thể có thể không thay đổi thì).
Eg: He said, “I was eating when he called me” ( He told me he was eating when she called him.
- Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn (wish): theo sau động từ WISH, WOULD RATHER, IF ONLY
Eg: He said, “I wish I were richer” ( He told me he wished he were richer
She said, “I wish I had a good memory”( She said she wished she had a good memory
- Các câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 (câu điều kiện không thật)
Eg: He said, “If I had time, I would help you” ( He said to me if he had time, he would help me
- Cấu trúc “It’s (high) time…”
Eg: He said, “It’s time we went” ( He said it was time they went.
He said, “It’s time we changed our way of working” ( He said (that) it was time they changed their way of working.
C/ Các loại câu gián tiếp
1. Tường thuật câu trần thuật (statements)
- Dùng say hoặc tell để tường thuật
- Thường bắt đầu bằng: He said that…./ she said to me that…/ they told me that….,
eg: She said, “I’m happy to see you again”
( She said that she was happy to see me again
She said to me that she was happy to see me again
She told me that she was happy to see me again
- Chú ý đổi thì, các đại từ, các từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm…
2. Tường thuật câu hỏi (questions)
a. Đối với câu hỏi trực tiếp (Wh-question)
- Thường bắt đầu bằng: He asked (me) …/ He wanted to know…/ She wondered….
Eg: She asked, “What is his job?” ( She asked what his job was.
They asked me, “Where did you have lunch?” ( They asked me where I had lunch.
- Không đặt trợ động từ trước chủ ngữ như trong câu hỏi trực tiếp.
- Không đặt dấu chấm hỏi cuối câu.
- Thay đổi thì , đại từ, các từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm…
b. Đối với câu hỏi “Yes – No” hoặc câu hỏi lựa chọn “Or”
- Phải thêm từ “if/whether” để mở đầu câu tường thuật
eg: She asked, “are you a teacher?” ( She asked him if/whether he was a teacher
They asked me, “Do you want to go or stay at home?” ( They asked me if/ whether I wanted to go or stay at home.
- Câu hỏi đuôi được tường thuật giống câu hỏi Yes/No nhưng bỏ phần đuôi phía sau
eg: She asked, “You will stay here, won’t you?” ( She asked me if/whether I would stay there.
3. Câu tường thuật với “infinitive”:
a. Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu (Imperatives / Commands or Requests) dùng cấu trúc: tell/ ask/ request/ order somebody (not) to do something
Eg: “Read carefully before signing the contract,” he said. ( He told me to read carefully before signing the contract)
“The commander said to his soldier, "Shoot!" ( The commander ordered his soldier to shoot.
“Please talk slightly,” they said. ( They requested us to talk slightly.
“Listen to me, please” ( He asked me to listen to him.
“Will you help me, please?” ( He asked me to help him.
“Will you lend me your dictionary?” ( He asked me to lend him my dictionary.
b. Tường thuật lời khuyên (Advice) dùng cấu trúc: advise somebody (not) to do something
Lời khuyên: - Had better, ought to, should, must
- Why don’t you + V?
- If I were you, I’d (not) + V…
Eg: “Why don’t you take a course in computer?” my teacher said to me.
( My teacher advised me to take a course in computer.
c. Tường thuật lời mời (Invitation) dùng cấu trúc: invite somebody to do something
Eg: “Would you like to have breakfast with me?” Tom said to me. ( Tom invited me to have breakfast with him.
d. Tường thuật lời cảnh báo (warn) dùng cấu trúc: warn somebody (not) to do something
“Don’t touch the red buttons,” said the mom to the child. ( The mom warns the child not to touch the red buttons
e. Tường thuật lời nhắc nhở (reminders) dùng cấu trúc: remind somebody to do something
“Don’t forget to turn off the lights before leaving,” Sue told me ( Sue reminded me to turn off the lights before leaving
f. Tường thuật lời động viên (encouragement) dùng cấu trúc: encourage / urge somebody to do something
“Go on, take part in the competition,” said my father ( My father encouraged me to take part in the competition
g. Tường thuật lời cấu khẩn dùng cấu trúc: beg/implore somebody to do something
“Do me a favor, please,” said the servant to his master ( The servant begged/implored his master to do him a favor.
h. Tường thuật lời đề nghị , tự nguyện (offers) dùng cấu trúc: offer to do something
Lời đề nghị: - Shall I + V
- Would you like me + to V
- Let me + V
Eg: Mary said to Ann, “Shall I get you a glass of orange juice?” ( Mary offered to get Anna a glass of orange juice.
“Shall I bring you some tea?” He asked ( He offered to bring me some tea
i. Tường thuật lời hứa (Promises) dùng cấu trúc: promise (not) to do something
Eg: “I’ll give the book back to you tomorrow,” he said ( He promised to give the book back to me the next day.
j. Tường thuật lời đe dọa (threat) dùng cấu trúc: threaten to do something.
“I’ll shot if you move,” said the robber ( The robber threatened to shoot if I moved
4. Câu tường thuật với “gerund”
Các cấu trúc của câu tường thuật với danh động từ:
S + V + V-ing: admit, deny, suggest…
S + V + preposition + V-ing: apologize for, complain about, confess to, insist on, object to, dream of, think of…
S + V + O + preposition + V-ing: accuse..of, blame…for, congratulate…on, criticize…for, warn…about/against, praise…for, thank…for, prevent…from…
Eg: “I’ve always wanted to study abroad,” he said. ( He’s dreaming of studying abroad.
“It’s nice of you to give me some fruit. Thanks,” Ann said to Mary (Ann thanked Mary for giving her some fruit
“I’m sorry, I’m late,” Tom said to the teacher. ( Tom apologized to the teacher for being late
“Shall we meet at the theater?” he asked ( He suggested meeting at the theater.
5. Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp
What a lovely dress! ( She exclaimed that the dress was lovely.
She exclaimed that the dress was a lovely one.
She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress.
6. Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nói gián tiếp
She said, “Can you play the piano?” and I said “no”
( She asked me if I could play the piano and I said that I could not
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM (50 CÂU)
A. Choose the correct answer among A , B C or D.
1. “I wish..............eat vegetables”, he said.
A. my children will B. my children would
C. whether my children would D. my children must
2. He wants to know whether I_____________ back tomorrow.
A. come B. came C. will come D. would come
3. I wonder why he______________ love his family.
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. hasn’t
4. He begged them --------------.
A. help him B. should help him C. to help him D. help to him
5. Peter asked Jane why -------------- the film on T.V the previous night.
A. didn’t she watch B. hadn’t she watched C. she doesn’t watch D. she hadn’t watched
6. He advised them -------------- in class.
A. to not talk B. not to talk C. to talk not D. don’t talk
7. Some one was wondering if the taxi -------------- yet.
A. had arrived B. arrived C. arrives D. has arrived
8. The government has announced that taxes --------------.
A. would be raised B. had been raised C. were raised D. will be raised
9. He proved that the earth -------------- round the Sun.
A. had gone B. was going C. goes D. would go
10. Claire wanted to know what time --------------.
A. do the banks close B. the banks closed C. did the banks close D. the banks would close
11. Julia said that she ___________ there at noon.
A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be
12. He _______ that he was leaving that afternoon.
A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. says to me
13. She said to me that she __________ to me the Sunday before.
A. wrote B. had written C. was writing D. has written
14. Nam wanted to know what time ________.
A. does the movie begin B. did the movie begin C. the movie begins D. the movie began
15. He asked me _______ Robert and I said I did not know _______.
A. that did I know / who were he B. that I knew / who he had been
C. if I knew/ who he was D. whether I knew / who had he been
16. I asked Martha ______ to enter law school.
A. was she planning B. is she planning C. if she was planning D. are you planning
17. I wondered_______ the right thing.
A. whether I was doing B. if I am doing C. was I doing D. am I doing
18. Thu said she had been___________ the day before.
A. here B. there C. in this place D. where
19. Peter said that if he ________rich, he _________ a lot.
A. is – will travel B. were- would travel
C. was – will travel C. been–would travel
20. They said that they had been driving through the desert__________.
A. the previous day B. yesterday C. the last day D. Sunday previously
21. He asked the children _________too much noise.
A. not to make B. not making C. don’t make D. if they don’t make
22. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______.
A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day
23. Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the………..day
A. previous B. following C. before D. last
24. John said he _________ her since they ________ school.
A. hasn’t met–left B. hadn’t met-had left C. hadn’t met/ left D. didn’tmeet – left
25. The woman asked __________get lunch at school.
A. can the children B. whether the children could C. if the children can D. could the children
26. She said that when she_________ to school, she saw an accident.
A. was walking B. has walked C. had been walking D. has been walking
27. He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” - He asked why __________ the final exam.
A. she took B. did she take C. she hadn’t taken D. she had taken
28. Peter said he__________ some good marks the semester before.
A. gets B. got C. had gotten D. have got
29. They told their parents that they___________ their best to do the test.
A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try
30. Mary asked me where I___________ from.
A. came B. coming C. to come D. come
31. She asked me _______ my holidays _______.
A. where I spent / the previous year B. where I had spent/ the previous year
C. where I spent / last year D. where did I spend / last year
32. He asked me who____________ the editor of that book.
A. was B. were C. is D. has been
33. Jason told me that he _______ his best in the exam the _______ day.
A. had done/ following B. will do/previous C. would do/ following D. was going/ previous
34. The guest told the host that _______.
A. I must go now B. he must go now C. he had to go now D. he had to go then
B. Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each sentence below.
35. '' Where did you go last night''? she said to her boyfriend.
A. She asked her boyfriend where did he go last night.
B. She asked her boyfriend where he went the night before.
C. She asked her boyfriend where had he gone the night before.
D. She asked her boyfriend where he had gone the night before.
36. '' Remember to write to your aunt''. I said to Miss Linh.
A. I said to Miss Linh remember to write to her aunt.
B. I said to Miss Linh to remember to write to her aunt.
C. I told Miss Linh remember to write to her aunt.
D. I reminded Miss Linh to remember to write to her aunt.
37. '' How long have you lived in Ha Noi''? said my friend.
A. My friend asked me how long have I lived in HaNoi.
B. My friend asked me how long had I lived in HaNoi.
C. My friend asked me how long I had lived in HaNoi.
D. My friend asked me how long I have lived in HaNoi.
38. ''Close the books, please'' said our teacher.
A. Close your book said by our teacher.
B. Our teacher asked us close our book.
C. Our teacher said us close our book.
D. Our teacher asked us to close our book.
39. “I didn’t break your watch” the boy said.
A. The boy told the girl that he hadn’t broken her watch.
B. The boy asked the girl that he hadn’t broken her watch.
C. The boy told the girl that he didn’t break her watch.
D. The boy told the girl that he hadn’t broken your watch.
40. “Don’t make noise because I am listening music now” he said to me.
A. He asked me not to make noise because I am listening music now.
B. He asked me not to make noise because I was listening music then.
C. He asked me not to make noise because he was listening music then.
D. He asked me to make noise because I was listening music then.
41. “I have just seen your mother this morning”. Laura said to Lewis.
A. Laura told Lewis I have just seen your mother this morning.
B. Laura told Lewis she had just seen his mother that morning.
C. Laura told Lewis she has just seen his mother that morning.
D. Laura told Lewis he had just seen her mother that morning.
42. “We are ready to come with our friends” they said.
A. They told us they are ready to come with their friends.
B. They told us they were ready to come with our friends.
C. They told us we were ready to come with our friends.
D. They told us they were ready to come with their friends.
43. “I was intending to meet you tomorrow” she said.
A. She told me she was intending to meet me tomorrow.
B. She told me she had intending to meet me the next day.
C. She told me she had been intending to meet me tomorrow.
D. She told me she had been intending to meet me the next day.
44. Mrs Smith: “ Don’t play in front of my windows”
A. Mrs Smith told us not to play in front of her windows.
B. Mrs Smith told us not to play in front of my windows.
C. Mrs Smith told us to not play in front of her windows.
D. Mrs Smith said us not to play in front of her windows.
45. “I didn’t witness that accident.”
A. He denied not having witnessed that accident.
B. He denied having witnessed that accident.
C. He denied not having witnessing that accident.
D. He denied not had witnessed that accident.
46. “You cheated in the exam.” The teacher said to his students
A. The teacher insisted his students on cheating in the exam.
B. The teacher prevented his students from cheating in the exam.
C. The teacher advised his students to cheat in the exam.
D. The teacher accused his students of cheating in the exam.
47. " Don't forget to give the book back to Mary," he said to me.
A. He reminded me to give the book back to Mary.
B. He reminded me to forget to give the book back to Mary.
C. He advised me to give the book back to Mary.
D. He advised me to forget to give the book back to Mary.
48."Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?" he said.
A. He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
B. He offered me to go to the cinema with him tonight.
C. He asked me if I'd like to go to the cinema with him tonight.
D. He would like me to go to the cinema with him this night.
49.'Remember to pick me up at 6 o'clock tomorrow afternoon," she said.
A. She told me to remember to pick her up at 6 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.
B. She reminded me to pick her up at 6 o'clock the following afternoon.
C. She reminded me to remember to pick her up at 6 o'clock the next afternoon.
D. She told me to pick her up at 6 o'clock the next day afternoon.
50." Let's have a picnic next Saturday," Julia said.
A. Julia said that let's have a picnic the next Saturday.
B. Julia suggested having a picnic the following Saturday.
C. Julia advised how about having a picnic the next Saturday.
D. Julia told that why they didn't have a picnic next Saturday.
* PHẦN III: ĐÁP ÁN
|1B |
Ex1: My brother is as tall as I ( am ) / me.
Ex2: In 1985, Lan was as beautiful as her mother ( was ).
2. Short adverb and long adverb (Traïng töø ngaén vaø traïng töø daøi):
|S1 + V + as + Adv + as + S2 + ( Aux.) / O2 |
Ex1: He ran as fast as other students ( did ).
Ex2: She sings as beautifully as some famous singers ( do ).
II. Comparative (So saùnh hôn):
1. Adjectives (Tính tö)ø:
a. Short adjective (Tính töø ngaén):
|S1 + be + Adj-er + than + S2 + ( be ) / O2 |
Ex1: My brother is taller than I ( am ) / me.
b. Long adjective (Tính töø daøi):
|S1 + be + more + Adj + than + S2 + ( be ) / O2 |
Ex2: In 1985, Lan was more beautiful than her mother ( was ).
Ex3: A car is more expensive than a bicycle ( is ).
2. Adverbs (Traïng töø):
a. Short adverb (Traïng töø ngaén):
|S1 + V + Adv-er + than + S2 + ( Aux. ) / O2 |
Ex1: He ran faster than other students ( did ).
b. Long adverb (Traïng töø daøi):
|S1 + V + more + Adv + than + S2 + ( Aux. ) / O2 |
Ex2: She sings more beautifully than some famous singers ( do ).
III. Superlative (So saùnh nhaát):
1. Adjectives (Tính tö)ø:
a. Short adjective (Tính töø ngaén):
|S + be + the + Adj-est |
Ex1: He is the youngest in my class.
b. Long adjective (Tính töø daøi):
|S + be + the + most + Adj |
Ex2:This is the most difficult lesson in my book.
2. Adverbs (Traïng töø):
a. Short adverb (Traïng töø ngaén):
|S + V + the + Adv-est |
Ex1: That car ran fastest in 1976.
b. Long adverb (Traïng töø daøi):
|S + V + the + most + Adv |
Ex2: The bird sings the most beautifully.
IV. Comparisons with Adectives and adverbs (Tính töø vaø traïng töø ôû ba caáp ñoä so saùnh):
1. Adjectives: (Tính tö)ø:
a. Regular Adjectives (Tính töø hôïp qui taéc):
|Adjectives |Equality |Comparative |Superlative |
| |fast |faster |fastest |
|Ngaén ( moät vaàn ) |long |longer |longest |
| |green … |greener |greenest |
| |beautiful |more beautiful |most beautiful |
|Daøi ( hai vaàn trôû leân ) |comfortable |more comfortable |most comfortable |
| |interesting … |more interesting |most interesting |
b. Irregular Adjectives (Tính töø baát qui taéc):
|Adjectives |Equality |Comparative |Superlative |
|1. good |good |better |best |
|2. bad |bad |worse |worst |
|3.little |little |less |least |
|4. many/much |many/much |more |most |
|5. far |far |farther/further |farthest/furthest |
|6. old |old |older/elder |oldest/eldest |
|7. late |late |later |latest |
c. Two syllable adjectives (Tính töø hai aâm tieát) taän cuøng vôùi -y, -ly, -ow, -le, -er, -ure, vaø moät soá tính töø thoâng thöôøng nhö quiet, polite, … thì thaønh laäp so saùnh hôn / so saùnh nhaát vôùi –er / -est, ngoaïi tröø guilty.
|Adjectives |Equality |Comparative |Superlative |
|1. funny |funny |funnier |funniest |
|2. lively |lively |livelier |liveliest |
|3. narrow |narrow |narrower |narrowest |
|4. simple |simple |simpler |simplest |
|5. clever |clever |cleverer |cleverest |
|6. secure |secure |securer |securest |
2. Adverbs (Traïng töø):
a. Regular adverbs (Traïng töø hôïp qui taéc):
|Adjectives |Equality |Comparative |Superlative |
| |fast |faster |fastest |
|Ngaén ( moät vaàn ) |soon |sooner |soonest |
| |slowly |more slowly |most slowly |
|Daøi ( hai vaàn trôû leân ) |carefully |more carefully |most carefully |
b. Irregular adverbs (Traïng töø baát qui taéc):
|Adjectives |Equality |Comparative |Superlative |
|1. well |well |better |best |
|2. far |far |farther/ further |farthest/ furthest |
|3. badly |badly |worse |worst |
|4. late |late |later |latest |
|5. little |little |less |least |
|6. much |much |more |most |
c. Two syllable aderbs (Traïng töø hai aâm tieát) trôû leân ñöôïc thaønh laäp so saùnh hôn vaø so saùnh nhaát vôùi more / most, ngoaïi tröø traïng töø early.
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM (50 CÂU)
I. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to complete each sentence.
1. Ms. Jones isn’t as nice …….. Ms. Smith.
A. as B. for C. like D. to
2. The rooms in Graduate Towers are……….. Patterson Hall.
A. larger than B. larger than that of
C. larger than those in D. larger than in
3. She speaks English as……….as her friend does.
A. good B. well C. better D. the best
4. Of three shirts, this one is the………….
A. prettier B. more prettiest C. prettiest D. most pretty
5. My brother sang……… of all the pupils of the group.
A. more beautifully B. the most beautifully
C. less beautifully D. most beautifully
6. At 3,810 meters above sea level in Bolivia stands Lake Titica, ………in the world.
A. the highest large lake B. largest high lake
C. high largest D. the high largest lake
7. A: It’s a long way from Britian, isn’t it?
B: Yes, but it isn’t as……….as Hong Kong.
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. further
8. The larger the apartment, the................... the rent.
A. expensive B. more expensive C. expensively D. most expensive
9. The faster we walk,………….. we will get there.
A. the soonest B. the soon C. the more soon D. the sooner
10. “ Why did you buy these oranges? ” “They were ……….….. I could find. ”
A. cheapest B. cheapest ones
C. the cheapest ones D. the most cheapest
11. Which woman are you going to vote for? –I ’m not sure. Everyone says that Joan is………….
A. smarter B. the smarter C. more smarter D. more smart
12. Bill is ………………
A. lazier and lazier B. more and more lazy
C. lazier and more lazy D. more lazy and lazier
13. ………………..the time passes, …………….I feel ! The deadline of my thesis is coming, but I have just finished half of it.
A. The faster / the nervous B. The more fast / the nervous
C. The fast / the more nervous D. The faster / the more nervous
14. China is the country with…………………..population.
A. the larger B. the more large C. the largest D. the most large
15. She sat there quietly, but during all that time she was getting…………….Finally she exploded.
A. more and more angry D. the most angry
B. the more angry C. angrier and angrier
16. For ……………….., it is certain that in the future some things will be very different.
A. the better or the worse B. the good or the bad
C. good or bad D. better or worse
17. ……… you study for these exams, …………. you will do.
A. The harder / the better B. The more / the much
C. The hardest / the best D. The more hard / the more good
18. His house is _______ mine.
A. twice as big as B. as twice big as
C. as two times big as D. as big as twice
19. The more paper we save,…………preserved.
A. more is wood pulp B. the more wood pulp is
C. wood pulp is D. the much wood pulp is
20. ………I get to know Jim, the more I like him.
A. For more B. More C. The more D. The most
21. The competition makes the price of goods……….
A. most cheap and cheap B. cheaper and cheaper
C. more cheap and more cheap D. cheaper and more cheaper
22. ……….the match was, the more spectators it attracted.
A. The most interesting B. The best interesting
C. The more interesting D. The interesting
23. ………..he worked, the more he earned.
A. The more hard B. The hard C. The harder D. The hardest
24. The more running water you use,……………
A. your bill will be higher B. will be higher your bill
C. the higher your bill will be D. the highest your bill will be
25.……………you study for these exams, ………..you will do.
A. The harder/ the better B. The more / the much
C. The hardest / the best D. The more hard / the more good
26. My neighbour is driving me mad! It seems that………….it is at night , ……………he plays his music!
A. the less / the more loud B. the less / less
B. the more late / the more loudlier D. the later / the louder
27. Peter is……………John.
A. younger and more intelligent than B. more young and intelligent than
C. more intelligent and younger than D. the more intelligent and younger than
28. It gets…………..when the winter is coming.
A. cold and cold B. the coldest and coldest
C. colder and colder D. more and more cold
29. French is a…………language to learn than English is.
A. difficult B. more difficult
C. most difficult D. more and more difficult
30. Thanks to the great effort of doctors and nurses, her health is getting…………….
A. worse B. better C. worse and worse D. better and better
II. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C, or D that needs correcting.
31. Richard feels good than several days ago.
A B C D
32. Mary and Daisy are both intelligent students. Mary is so intelligent as Daisy.
A B C D
33. He drives the car more dangerous than his brother does.
A B C D
34. It was the most biggest building that I had ever seen.
A B C D
35. The Mekong is one of the longer river in the world.
A B C D
36. Many people believe that New York is the most great city in America.
A B C D
37. Jessica is only an amateur, but she sings well than most professionals.
A B C D
38. Lan is the more capable of the three girls who have tried out for the part in the play.
A B C D
39. The fastest you drive, the greater you get.
A B C D
40. The suitcase seemed to get heavy and heavier as I carried it along the road.
A B C D
III. Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given.
41. They understand more than we do.
A. We don’t understand as much as they do. B. We don’t understand anything at all.
C. They understand everything inside out. D. They are very intelligent.
42. It is much more difficult to speak English than to speak French.
A. To speak French is more difficult than to speak English.
B. To speak English is more difficult than to speak French.
C. Speaking English is more difficult than to speak French.
D. Speaking French is not as difficult as to speaking English.
43. My interview lasted longer than yours.
A. Your interview wasn’t as short as mine. B. Your interview was shorter than mine.
C. Your interview was as long as mine. D. Your interview was longer than mine.
44. When I was younger, I used to go climbing more than I do now.
A. Now I don’t go climbing anymore. B. I used to go climbing when I younger.
C. Now I don’t go climbing as much as I did. D. I don’t like going climbing any more.
45. Your coffee is not as good as mine.
A. Mine is better than yours. B. My coffee is better than your.
C. My coffee is better than yours. D. My coffee is more good than yours.
46. I can’t cook as well as my mother does.
A. My mother can cook better than I can. B. My mother can’t cook better than I can.
C. My mother can cook well than I can. D. I can cook better than my mother can.
47. Murder is the most serious of all crimes.
A. Murder is very serious. B. No crime is more serious than murder.
C. Everyone is very afraid of murder. D. Murder is the dangerous crime.
48. No one in this class as tall as peter.
A. Peter is taller than in this class. B. Peter is the tallest in this class.
C. Peter is the most tall in this class. D. Peter is more tall than in this class.
49. This is the best music I have ever heard.
A. I’ve never heard better music than this. B. I‘ve ever heard such a good music as this.
C. This is the first time I‘ve heard this good music. D. I‘ve ever heard so good music as this.
50. This is the most interesting novel I’ve ever read.
A. Knowing that the novel will be interesting, I read it.
B. If only I had known the novel was so interesting, I’d have read it earlier.
C. I don’t think it is the most interesting novel.
D. I have never read a more interesting novel than this.
* PHẦN III: ĐÁP ÁN
|1A |2C |3B |
Chú ý: excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent không trực tiếp theo sau bởi danh động từ mà theo sau bởi: Possessive adjective/ pronoun + danh động từ hoặc pronoun + preposition + danh động từ
Appreciate thường theo sau bởi tình từ sở hữu hoặc danh động từ ở dạng bị động
Ex: Forgive my/ me ringing you up so early.
Forgive me for ringing you up so early.
You can‟t prevent his/ him spending his own money.
You can‟t prevent him from spending his own money.
You can‟t prevent him from spending his own money.
b. common phrasal verbs + V-ing: (s u một số cụm động từ)
carry on, end up, give up, go round, keep on, put off, set about…
c. Expression + V-ing: Một số thành ngữ theo s u bởi V-ing - have fun/ a good time + V-ing: vui vẻ … - have trouble/ difficulty + V-ing:
- have a hard time/ difficult time + V-ing
- spend + time/ money + V-ing (present participle) He spends 3 hours studying English every day. - waste + time/money + V-ing:
- sit + Danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing: she sat at her desk writing a letter
- stand + danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing
- lie + danh từ nơi chốn + Ving
- can‘t help = can‘t bear = can‘t stand = can‘t resist (không thể chịu được)
I can‟t bear hearing his lies
I can‟t stand seeing him here
- it is no good / it is no use (vô ìch / không có ìch): It‟s no use phoning him at this time
- there‘s no point in …
- What‘s the point of…
- to be busy bận rộn
My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen.
- to be worth đáng
This book is worth reading
- be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen với
- S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thìch làm gí hơn làm gí = S + would rather Vinf than Vinf
d. go + gerund để chỉ một hoạt động đặc biệt nào đó: (Present participle)
|- go fishing: đi câu cá |-go hunting | go bowling |
|- go shopping: đi mua sắm |-go camping |go jogging |
|- go swimming: đi bơi |-go dancing |go sightseeing |
|- go hiking: đi bộ dã ngoại |-go birdwatching |go sailing |
|- go climbing: đi leo núi | |go running |
| | |go boating |
| | |go canoening |
3. The perfect gerund:
Form: having Vpp
The perfect gerund được sử dụng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) khi chúng ta đề cập tới một hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ:
Ex: He was accused of having stolen her money.
He denied having been there.
4. The passive gerund:
Form: being + past participle (present)
Having + been + Vpp (past)
Ex: She hates being called a dull.
• The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche.
• I am interested in being given money by my mother.
• He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper.
• The safe showed no signs of having been touched.
II. INFINITIVES: Động từ nguyên thể
1. Chức năng:
- Làm chủ ngữ của câu: (cùng với các động từ: appear, seem, be)
Ex: To save money now seems impossible.
= It seems impossible to save money (more usual)
- Làm bổ ngữ của động từ (be):
Ex: His plan is to keep the affair secret.
- Làm tân ngữ của động từ:
Ex: He wants to play
- Chỉ mục đìch: He learns English to sing English songs.
- Sau một số tình từ:
2. Bare infinitive (infinitive without to)
• Được dùng sau động từ make, have với nghĩ nguyên cớ (causative)
The Brown made their children clean their room.
The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs.
• Được dùng sau động từ giác quan như see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell,....
We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain.
The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual.
* chú ý:
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + Ving (present participle): bắt gặp ai đó đang làm gì
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + bare inf.: thấy ai đó đã làm gì
• Được dùng sau động từ let và help.
My brother let me use computer.
The parents helped their children set up the tent.
• Được dùng sau các đọng từ khuyết thiếu và trợ động từ: can, could, will, shall, would, should, used to, had better, need, ought to, do, did …
• Trong cấu trúc: would rather + bare infinitve/ had better
3. To – infinitive:
A. To infinitive sau động từ:
Dạng 1: V + TO INFINITIVE : Một số động từ theo sau là to infinitive
|1. agree: đồng ý |18. hope: hy vọng |36. vow: dụ dỗ | |
|2. aim: nhằm mục đìch |19. learn: học |37. wish | |
|3. appear: có vẻ |20. manage: xoay xở |38. want | |
|4. arrange: sắp xếp |21. neglect: lơ đãng |39. need | |
|5. ask: yêu cầu |22. offer: đề nghị |40. wait | |
|6. attempt: cố gắng |23. plan: có kế hoạch |41. expect | |
|7. bother: phiền |24. prepare:chuẩn bị |42. intend | |
|8. care: để ý |25. pretend: giả vờ |43. would like/ would love | |
|9. choose: chọn |26. proceed: tiếp nối |44. beg | |
|10. claim: công bố |27. promise: |45. begin/ start | |
|11. decide: quyết định |28. prove: chứng tỏ |46. afford: đủ khả năng | |
|12. demand: yêu cầu |29. refuse: từ chối |47. be willing | |
|13. determine: định đoạt |30. resolve: nhất quyết |48. be able | |
|14. fail: thất bại |31. seem: |49. expect | |
|15. guarantee: bảo đảm |32. swear: thề |50. intend | |
|16. happen: xảy ra |33. tend: có xu hướng |51. beg: cầu khẩn | |
|17. hesitate: do dự |34. threaten: dọa |52. prefer | |
| |35. volunteer: tính nguyện | | |
Dạng 2: V + O + TO INFINITIVE
- Danh từ/ đại từ làm tân ngữ (objects) đi sau, rồi mới đến ―to infinitive
Vì dụ:
- She advised me to go to the English Club.
* Một số động từ thường gặp:
+ advise: khuyên
+ allow: cho phẫp
+ ask: yêu cầu.
+ cause: gây ra.
+ command: yêu cầu, ra lệnh
+ encourage: khuyến khìch
+ expect: mong chờ.
+ forbid: cấm
+ force: buộc
+ instruct: chỉ dẫn
+ invite: mời
+ oblige: bắt buộc
+ need: cần - We need you to help us
+ teach: dạy - My brother taught me to swim
+ tell: bảo.
+ want: muốn
+ warn: cảnh báo
+ remind: nhắc nhở
+ order: yêu cầu, ra lệnh
+ persuade: thuyết phục
+ request: yêu cầu
+ show:
+ train: đào tạo, huấn luyện
+ instruct: chỉ dẫn
+ permit: cho phẫp
+ remind: nhắc nhở
* NOTES:
+ allow / permit / advise/ recommend/ encourage + object + to infinitive
Ex: She doesn‟t llow me to smoke in her room
+ allow/ permit/ recommend/ encourage/ advise + gerund
Ex: She doesn‟t llow smoking in her room
Dạng 3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND (một số động từ theo sau bởi to infinitive and gerund)
Nhóm 1: V + to Infinitive / Gerund (không khác nghĩ )
- begin bắt đầu
- prefer thích.. hơn
- can‘t stand
- start bắt đầu
- hate ghét
- can‘t bear
- continue tiếp tục
- love yêu thích
- intend
- like thìch - bother làm phiền
Các động từ trên có thể được theo sau bởi to Infinitive hoặc Gerund mà ý nghĩa không đổi.
Ví dụ:
- He began to laugh = He began laughing
Chú ý:
a) Không nên dùng: It‘s beginning raining
Nên nói: It is begining to rain
b) Động từ nguyên mẫu thường mang ý nghĩa của một mục đìch, một dự tình trong tương lai, trong khi danh động từ mang ý nghĩa một kinh nghiệm sẵn có. Cách sử dụng chúng đôi khi rất tinh tế như sau:
Ví dụ
- I like to meet the public
(Tôi thìch gặp công chúng – Tôi thấy nên gặp, cần gặp → dự định)
- I like meeting the public
(Tôi thìch gặp công chúng. Tôi thấy vui khi gặp và tôi luôn làm thế).
Nhóm 2: V + infinitive / Gerund (khác nghĩ )
remember, forget, regret, try, stop, need, go on
a. NEED
• Need to do = it is necessary to do:cần phải làm (động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa chủ động)
• Need doing = need to be done: cần phải được làm (động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa bị động)
• Tom needs to work harder. (It is necessary for Tom to work harder.)
• The grass in front of the house needs cutting. (The grass in front of the house needs to be cut.)
b. STOP
• Stop to do = stop in order to do: dừng lại để làm việc khác
• Stop doing = not to do something any longer: dừng việc đang làm
• They stopped to look at the pictures.
• They stopped smoking because it is bad for their health.
c. REGRET/ REMEMBER/ FORGET:
Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại tương lai)
• Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi bức thư này). Don‟t forget to buy flowers (đừng quên mua hoa đấy)
• I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tôi rất tiếc phải báo tin cho anh rằng chuyến tầu đã bị hủy bỏ)
Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc đã làm gì (ở quá khứ).
.I still remember paying her 2 dollars (tôi nhớ đã trả cô ấy 2 đô la).
She will never forget meeting the Queen (cô ấy không bao giờ quên lần gặp nữ hoàng)
He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life.
d. TRY
Try to do: cố gắng làm
Try doing: thử làm
• She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college of pharmacy.
• I‘ve got a terrible headache. I try taking some aspirins but they didn‘t help.
e. GO ON:
Go on doing s. th.: tiếp tục l m cùng một việc gì đó.
Go on to do s. th.: l m hay nói việc gì khác
• The Minister went on talking for two hours.
• We must change our ways. We can‘t go on living like this.
• After discussing the economy, the Minister went on to talk about foreign policy.
f. MEAN
• Mean + to V = intend to V: dự định làm gí đó
• Mean + V-ing = involve: bao gồm, bao hàm, có nghĩa là
B. To infinitive sau một số tính từ:
Trong cấu trúc sau: IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + TO INFINITIVE
Ví dụ:
• It‘s difficult to find their house Thật khó tím ra nhà của họ
• It‘s dangerous to drive fast Lái xe nhanh thí nguy hiểm.
• It‘s important to learn English Học tiếng Anh thí rất quan trọng
Có hai dạng tương đương như sau: = To infinitive + be + Adjective
Gerund
Ví dụ:
• It‘s exciting to play football Chơi bóng đá thật thú vị.
= to play football is exciting
= playing football is exciting
• To infinitive sau 1 số tính từ: Able, unable, happy, delighted (vui vẻ), easy, lovely, glad, sorry, eager (háo hức), amazed (ngạc nhiên), pleased (hài lòng), disappointed, surprised, willing (sẵn lòng), certain (chắc chắn)
Trong cấu trúc:
• S + be/ get/ look/ seem/ become... + too + Adj +(for O) + to infi.
• S + V (thường) + too + Adv +(for O) + to infi.
Ex: The water in this glass is too hot to drink.
This coffee is too hot for me to drink.
He runs too slowly to catch the bus.
• S + be + Adj + enough (for O) + to infi.
• S + V (thường) + Adv + enough (for O) + to infi.
Ex: He is old enough to get married.
He’s intelligent enough to get good marks.
They speak slowly enough to understand.
• so + adjective + as + infinitive
Ex: He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.
• It + cost/ t ke + O + to infinitive…
Ex: It would cost millions/ take years to rebuild the castle.
C. Sau một số từ để hỏi: Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive
Những động từ sử dụng công thức này là ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder.
Ex : He discovered how to open the safe.
I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
She couldn‟t think what to say
I showed her which button to press.
She wondered whether to write or phone.
D. Chỉ mục đích:
Ex: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam
E. Noun + to infinitive (replace a relative clause)
Ex:
• I have many things which I must do/ to do
• She is always the last to go/ who goes
F. S + V + Đại từ bất định + To V
(anywhere, anybody, anything, somebody, something, somewhere, nobody, nothing, nowhere, everything, everybody, everywhere)
Ex:
• Is there anywhere to go?
• He has got nothing to eat
G. Sau một số cụm từ sau:
be about:định, sẽ
be able: có thể
do one‘s best: cố gắng
make an/ every effort: nỗ lực
make up one‘s mind: quyết định
can‘t afford
Ex: He is just about to leave
We can’t afford to live in the centre
H. Thay cho một mệnh đề quan hệ:
- Động từ nguyên thể có thể được sử dụng sau the first, the second..., the last, the only và thỉnh thoảng sau so sánh hơn nhất
Ex: He loves parties; he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
= He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave
He is the second one to be killed in this way.
4. The perfect infinitive:
+ Form: to have + Vpp
+ Use:
- Dùng với was/ were để diễn tả một kế hoạch chưa thực hiện được
Ex: The house was to have been ready today (but it isn‘t)
- Dùng sau would/ would like để diễn tả một điều ước vẫn chưa hoàn thiện
Ex: He would like to have seen it (but it was impossible)
- Dùng với một số động từ: appear, happen, pretend, seem, believe, consider, find, know, report, say, suppose, think, understand…
III. PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND:
+ Passive gerund: being + past participle
Ex:
• She hates being called a dull.
• The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche.
• I am interested in being given money by my mother.
+ Passive infinitive: to be + past participle
Ex:
• I hoped to be invited to the party.
• He refused to be taken to hospital.
• She doesn‟t want to be asked personal questions
Được dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động/ sự kiện hơn là tác nhân gây ra hành động
*PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM (50 CÂU)
INFINITIVE
Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to complete each sentence.
1. My father usually helps me_______ English.
a. to learn b. lean c. learning d. both a and b
2. He was heard_______ shout.
a. to b. of c. by d. at
3. This student expected_______ the first winner of the Grand Prix.
a. be b. being c. to be d. will be
4. I told her_______ about her wedding; everything will straighten out.
a. don't worry b. not to worry c. no worry d. not worry
5. May I suggest you let_______
a. Mary doing so b. Mary do so c. Mary does to d. Mary to do so
6. She_______ him when he called her.
a. pretended not hear b. pretended she heard not
c. pretended not to hear d. did not pretend hear
7. The doctor advised_______ late.
a. me not staying up b. me not stay up c. me not to stay up d. I did not stay up
8. The school superintendent told me_______
a. hurrying up b. to hurry up c. hurry up d. hurried up
9. "_______us face the enemies", shouted the soldiers.
a. Make b. Let c. Leave d. Keep
10. Mr. Brown told the schoolgirls_______ in class.
a. don't ear b. not to eat c. eat not d. not eat
11. I have heard Dang Thai Son_______ the piano.
a. played b. plays c. play d. to play
12. The young teachers wanted a Foreign Language Teaching workshop _______ in Ho Chi Minh City.
a. to be holding b. should hold c. to be held d. to hold
13. _______able to take part in the international math contest two years from now, Son works very hard in his math lass.
a. In order to be b. Being c. Been d. So that he be
14. Try_______ so many mistakes.
a. not to make b. not make c. to make not d. make not
15. Let me_______ from you soon.
a. to hear b. hear c. hearing d. heard
16. John is too stupid_______ understand this.
a. to b. not to c. to not d. for
17. The wind is_______ to blow the roof off.
a. strong enough b. too strong c. quiet strong d. very strong
18. My father is _______ to stay up late.
a. too tired b. enough tired c. tired enough d. so tired
19. John wanted me_______ him.
a. to be helping b. help c. to help d. I help
20. I want_______ early tomorrow morning.
a. to leave b. leaving c. me leave d. me leaving
21. I hope_______
a. to see you there b. seeing you there c. you to see there d. see you there
22. I taught_______
a. how mending a shirt b. him how to mend a shirt
c. how mend a shirt d. him how mend a shirt
23. I told_______
a. Nam to come b. to come Nam c. to Nam come d. Nam come
24. My father has decided_______ a new house.
a. find b. to find c. finding d. him find
25. Mother warned_______ the electric plug
a. here not to touch b. her touching not c. her not touch d. not touch
gerund
Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to complete each sentence.
26. He kept on_______
a. worked b. work c. working d. works
27. She went to market without_______ anything.
a. buy b. to buy c. bought d. buying
28. This article is worth_______ into your notebook.
a. copying b. copy c. to copy d. to be copied
29. The boy denied_______ the glass window.
a. to break b. breaking c. broke d. to break
30. These workers are accustomed to _______ at night.
a. work b. working c. works d. be working
31. The criminal admitted_______ this innocent child.
a. killed b. to kill c. killing d. had killed
32. Mrs. Ramsay was accustomed_______ in this rickety house.
a. by living b. to living c. with living d. living
33. She has avoided_______ to me so far.
a. being talked b. talk c. talking d. to talk
34. We should avoid_______ personal questions.
a. asking b. ask c. to ask d. at asking
35. It is no use_______ over spilt milk.
a. for crying b. in crying c. to cry d. crying
36. I intended to revenge him but my father prevented me_______ so.
a. from doing b. not to do c. not do d. not doing
37. You should remember_______ for me.
a. post b. posting c. to be posting d. to have posted
38. We object to_______ her like this.
a. treat b. being treated c. treating d. be treated
39. I can’t help_______ anxious about the economic situation of our country.
a. be b. feeling c. feel d. to feel
40. The nurse denied_______ the injection.
a. give b. giving c. gave d. to give
41. Don’t stay in this bush to avoid_______ by snakes.
a. bitten b. to be bitten c. being bitten d. bitting
42. I am looking forward to_______ my classmates again.
a. seeing b. to be bitten c. being bitten d. see
43. It is necessary that you avoid_______ him during the working session.
a. disturb b. to disturb c. disturbing d. disturbs
44. Are you considering_______ with us?
a. to go b. going c. to have gone d. go
45. Your hair needs_______
a. cut b. cutted c. cutting d. be cut
46. Haven't you started_______ the answer?
a. write b. writing c. how to write d. them to write
47. These shoes need_______
a. mending b. mend c. to mending d. to mend
48. Please excuse_______
a. for being late b. me for being late c. me be late d. I am late
49. It's no good_______ me about your lost cat.
a. to tell b. tell c. him tell d. telling
50. My younger brother takes pleasures in_______ his little sister.
a. tease b. to tease c. teases d. teasing
* PHẦN III: ĐÁP ÁN
|1D |2A |3C |
Look at / out / for / after / up / up to
Look out = watch out = be careful
Come across / up with / down with
Go up / on : The number of workers in this company went up considerably last year
Go off : He got up late this morning because his alarm clock didn’t go off.
The bomb exploded with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town.(went off )
Take after / off :
Turn on / off / up / down
Turn up : arrive ( He never turns up on time for a meeting )
Get on well with = get along with = have good relationship with
-Bill seems unhappy in his job because he doesn’t get on well with his boss
Calls on = visit (Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside. )
Stand for = be short for ( What does "www"stand for?- Is it short for “world wide web?” )
See someone off : ( My parents saw me off at the railway station. )
Turn off : tắt ( đèn, nứơc, máy móc )
Turn on : mở ,bật ( đèn, nứơc, máy móc )
Turn up : xuất hiện
Go on : tiếp tục
Look after : trông nom ,chăm sóc
Look for : tìm kiếm
Take off : cởi ra ( quần áo ,giày dép ,nón ... ); cất cách ( máy bay )
Fill in : điền vào
Try on : thử ( quần áo ,giày dép ... )
Give up : từ bỏ
Keep up with : theo kịp
Ex: If you don't study hard ,you won't keep up with your classmates : nếu bạn không học tập chăm chỉ ,bạn sẽ không theo kịp các bạn trong lớp
Run out of : cạn kiệt ,hết
See off : tiển đưa
She saw me off at the airport : cô ấy tiển đưa tôi tại sân bay
|Break down : hư ( xe ) |Go on : tiếp tục |
|Look up : tra ( tự điển ) |Go off : hư ,thiu ( đồ ăn ) ; reng ( chuông ) |
|Get off : bước xuống ( xe ) |Take off : cởi ra ( quần áo ,giày dép ,nón ... ); cất cách ( máy bay ) |
|Go off : hư ,thiu ( đồ ăn ) ; reng ( chuông ) |Take after : giống ( ai ) |
|Come off : bung ra ( giày dép ,đồ đạc ) |She takes after her mother : cô ấy giống mẹ |
|Cut off : cắt |Take in : thăm |
|Bring on : dẫn đến |Get off : bước xuống ( xe ) |
|Drop out : xã rác ; bỏ học |Go off : hư ,thiu ( đồ ăn ) ; reng ( chuông ) |
|Drop in : ghé thăm |Get over : khỏi bệnh |
|Get over : khỏi bệnh |Get through with : làm xong |
|Look over : xem xét |Fill in : điền vào |
|Look into : nghiên cứu |Try on : thử ( quần áo ,giày dép ... ) |
|Shut off : tắt |Give up : từ bỏ |
|Show off : nỗi bật |Keep up with : theo kịp |
|Take after : giống ( ai ) |Run out of : cạn kiệt ,hết |
|She takes after her mother : cô ấy giống mẹ |See off : tiển đưa |
|Take in : thăm |She saw me off at the airport : cô ấy tiển đưa tôi tại sân bay |
|Tear up : xé rách |Break down : hư ( xe ) |
|Throw up : ói ,nôn |Come off : bung ra ( giày dép ,đồ đạc ) |
|Think of : tìm ra |Cut off : cắt |
|Put back : để lại chổ củ |Bring on : dẫn đến |
|Call off : hoãn lại |Drop out : xã rác ; bỏ học |
|Get through with : làm xong |Drop in : ghé thăm |
|Turn off : tắt ( đèn, nứơc, máy móc ) |Shut off : tắt |
|Turn on : mở ,bật ( đèn, nứơc, máy móc ) |Show off : nỗi bật |
|Turn up : xuất hiện |Tear up : xé rách |
|Look after : trông nom ,chăm sóc |Throw up : ói ,nôn |
|Look for : tìm kiếm |Think of : tìm ra |
|Look up : tra ( tự điển ) |Put back : để lại chổ củ |
|Look over : xem xét |Call off : hoãn lại |
|Look into : nghiên cứu | |
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM (60 CÂU)
16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
*Answer keys : 16.Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out b. Look up c. Look on d. Look
afte
1. Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences.
1. Our car ________ at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.
A. broke into B. broke away C. broke in D. broke down
2. The firemen had to break _______ the room to rescue the children.
A. off B. up C. out D. into
3. She _______ her father; everyone says how alike they are!
A. takes after B. takes off C. falls out D. lets off
4. There was a power cut and all the lights _______.
A. went up B. put up C. went out D. went ahead
5. The doctor asked me to _______ my shirt.
A. put off B. take off C. take out D. put out
6.Everyone can _______ in this school activity.
A. take off B. take on C. take part D. take
7. Who will ________ the children while you go out to work?
A. look for B. look up C. look after D. look at
8. Please ________ the light, it’s getting dark here.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn into
9. You can __________ the new words in the dictionary.
A. look for B. look after C. look up D. look at
10. It’s cold outside. __________ your coat.
A. Put on B. Put down C. Put off D. Put into
11. Frank never turns up on time for a meeting.
A. calls B. arrives C. reports D. prepares
12. The bomb exploded with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town.
A. went on B. went out C. went off D. went away
13. John, could you look after my handbag while I go out for a minute.
A. take part in B. take over C. take place D. take care of
14. Bill seems unhappy in his job because he doesn’t get _______ his boss.
A. up to B. on for C. on well with D. in with
15. Why do they ______ talking about money all the time?
A. keep on B. give up C. take after D. stop by
16. My father gave up smoking two years ago.
A. liked B. continued C. stopped D. enjoyed
17. The government hopes to _________ its plans for introducing cable TV.
A. turn out B. carry out C. carry on D. keep on
18. I was born in Scotland but I ________ in Northern Ireland.
A. grew up B. raised C. brought up D. rose
19. Both Ann and her sister look like her mother.
A. take after B. take place C. take away D. take on
20. Why do they………. talking about money all the time?
A. keep on B. side with C. take after D. work off
2. Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences.
1. Gertrude takes……….her mother; she has blue eyes and fair hair, too.
A. in B. up C. after D. down
2..Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside.
A. calls on B. keeps off C. takes in D. goes up
3.They decided to postpone their journey till the end of the month because of the epidemic.
A. take up B. turn round C. put off D. do with
4.I do not use those things any more. You can _______ them away.
A. get B. fall C. throw D. make
5.They were late for work because their car _______ down.
A. got B. put C. cut D. broke
6. If you want to join this club, you must__________ this application form.
A. make up B. write down C. do up D. fill in
7. His son's death was a terrible shock and it took him a long time to__________ it.
A. get round B. come through C. go over D. get over
8. The bus only stops here to __________ passengers.
A. alight B. get on C. get off D. pick up
9. While driving to work, we ran out___________ gas.
A. up B. of C. in D. to
10. He died ___________ heart disease.
A. from B. because C. of D. in
11.Everything is _______ you. I cannot make _______ my mind yet.
A. out off / on B. up to / up C. away from / for D. on for / off
12.The organization was established in 950 in the USA.
A. come around B. set up C. made out D. put on
13.They had to delay their trip because of the bad weather.
A. get through B. put off C. keep up with D. go over
14.Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside.
A. calls on B. keeps off C. takes in D. goes up
15.What does "www" ________ for?- Is it short for “world wide web?”
A. sit B. stand C. lie D. point
16. One meter is approximately equal _____ a yard .
A. about B. on C. to D. with
17. Jane doesn't spend much money _____ clothes.
A. over B. about C. at D. on
18. She always takes good care _____ her children.
A. for B. in C. of D. with
19. Congratulations _____ your success!
A. to B. on C. in D. up
20. Mrs. Liz was accused _____ having stolen the car.
A. of B. with C. in D. upon
3. Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences.
1. We are here to provide you _____ the best service possible.
A. of B. with C. to D. for
2. He has been absent _____ school very often lately.
A. from B. on C. in D. with
3. Vehicles also account _____ air pollution in the cities.
A. on B. at C. for D. in
4. The police blamed the mother_____ neglecting her child.
A. to B. for C. with D. of
5. They prevented me _____ talking to that woman .
A. from B. on C. with D. at
6. They were 30 minutes later because their car _______ down.
A. got B. put C. cut D. broke
7. That problem is _______ them. We can’t make _______ our mind yet.
A. out off / on B. up to / up C. away from / for D. on for / off
8. Please ________ the light, it’s getting dark here.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn into
9.These policies ________ in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.
A. recalled B. succeeded C. resulted D. resigned
10. “Don’t forget to take _____ your shoes when you are in a Japanese house.”
A. off B. apart C. in D. up
11.The customer had tried ____ some blouses but none of them suited her.
A. at B. with C. in D. on
12.Everyone in the village_______ about the plans for the new road.
A. contacted B. took care C. concerned D. was concerned
13.I told him I'd prefer to walk, but he insisted _________ giving me a lift
A. about B. on C. to D. for
14.Stephen always wanted to be an actor when he _________ up.
A. came B. grew C. brought D. settled
15.After his mother died, he was_______ up by his grandmother.
A. grown B. brought C. taken D. drawn
16.My uncle took _______ golf when he retired from work.
A. on B. after C. up D. over
17.At the station, we often see the sigh “________ for pickpockets”.
A. watch on B. watch out C. watch up D. watch at
18.I am late because my alarm clock didn’t _________ this morning.
A. come on B. ring out C. go off D. turn on
19.UNESCO _____ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
A. stands for B. brings about C. takes after D gets across
20.Don't forget to ________ your gloves on. It is cold outside.
A let B . make C put D. fix
* PHẦN III: ĐÁP ÁN
1.
|1.D |
Ex1 : The laser beam seals blood vessels so that / in order that the mark becomes less conspicuous.
Ex2 : I try to study so that / in order that I won’t ( can’t ) fail the exam.
b. Quaù khöù :
|S + V ( past ) + so that / in order that + S + ( would / should / could / might ) + ( not ) + V |
Ex1 : I hurried so that / in order that I wouldn’t be late.
Ex2 : She tried to study so that / in order that she wouldn’t ( couldn’t ) fail the exam.
Ex3 : She tried to study so that / in order that she would ( could ) pass the exam.
c. Chuù yù : Chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà chính vaø meänh ñeà phuï coù theå gioáng nhau hoaëc khaùc nhau tuyø theo yù nghóa cuûa töøng caâu.
Phrase of purpose laø cuïm ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu duøng ñeå chæ muïc ñích do haønh ñoäng cuûa meänh ñeà chính gaây ra.
a. Hieän taïi :
* Khaúng ñònh :
|S + V ( present ) + ( for + s.o / sth ) to / in order to + V |
Ex1 : The laser beam seals blood vessels for the mark to / in order to become less conspicuous.
Ex2 : You should walk slowly for your sister to follow.
* Phuû ñònh :
|S + V ( present ) + ( for + s.o / sth ) so as not to / not to + V |
Ex1: I try to study so as not to / not to fail the exam.
Ex2 : Linda takes off her shoes so as not to / not to make any noise.
b. Quaù khöù :
* Khaúng ñònh :
|S + V ( past ) + ( for s.o / sth ) to / in order to + V |
Ex1 : The man spoke loudly for everyone to hear him clearly.
Ex2 : She tried to study in order to / to pass the exam.
* Phuû ñònh :
|S + V ( past ) + ( for s.o / sth ) so as not to / not to + V |
Ex1: Mary hid the novel under her pillow for her father not to see it.
Ex2 : She tried to study so as not to fail the exam.
c. Chuù yù : Khi keát hôïp caâu trong tröôøng hôïp naøy , neáu:
- Hai chuû ngöõ trong hai meänh ñeà truøng nhau, chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà sau ñöôïc löôït boû.
- Hai chuû ngöõ trong hai meänh ñeà khaùc nhau , chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà sau ñöôïc bieán ñoåi tröïc tieáp thaønh taân ngöõ cho giôùi töø for.
***
2. CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF REASON
( MEÄNH ÑEÀ VAØ CUÏM TÖØ CHÆ LYÙ DO )
Clause of reason laø meänh ñeà phuï duøng ñeå chæ lyù do hoaëc nguyeân nhaân cuûa haønh ñoäng maø meänh ñeà chính gaây ra. Noù ñöôïc noái vôùi meänh ñeà chính nhôø caùc lieân töø: Because, Since, As.
|Because S + V + ( O ) , S + V + ( O ) ( S + V + ( O ) because S + V + ( O ) |
Ex1: Because Mary was ill, she didn’t go to school yesterday. = Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was ill.
Ex2 : Because Mary’s mother was ill, she didn’t go to school yesterday. = Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because her mother was ill.
* Chuù yù : Chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà chính vaø chuû ngöõ trong meâïnh ñeà phuï coù theå gioáng nhau hoaëc khaùc nhau.
Phrase of reason laø cuïm töø chæ lyù do hoaëc nguyeân nhaân cuûa haønh ñoäng maø meänh ñeà chính gaây ra.
|Because of V-ing / ( Pro ) / N / NP , S + V + ( O )( S + V + ( O ) because of V-ing / ( Pro ) / N / NP |
Ex1: Because of illness, Mary didn’t go to school yesterday. = Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because of illness.
Ex2: He passed the exam because of working hard. = Because of working hard, he passed the exam.
Ex3: Because of her mother’s illness, Mary didn’t go to school yesterday. = Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because of her mother’s illness.
* Chuù yù : 1. Neáu chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà chính vaø chuû ngöõ trong meâïnh ñeà phuï gioáng nhau, coù theå löôït boû chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà phuï, ñöa ñoäng töø veà nguyeân maãu tröôùc khi theâm ing hoaëc bieán ñoåi meänh ñeà phuï thaønh cuïm danh töø nhö trong ví duï 1 vaø 2.
2. Neáu chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà chính vaø chuû ngöõ trong meâïnh ñeà phuï khaùc nhau, khoâng theå löôït boû chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà phuï maø phaûi bieán ñoåi meänh ñeà phuï thaønh cuïm danh töø nhö trong ví duï 3.
***
3. CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION
( MEÄNH ÑEÀ VAØ CUÏM TÖØ CHÆ SÖÏ TÖÔNG PHAÛN )
Clause of concession laø meänh ñeà phuï duøng ñeå chæ söï töông phaûn cuûa haønh ñoäng maø meänh ñeà chính gaây ra. Noù ñöôïc noái vôùi meänh ñeà chính nhôø caùc lieân töø: Though, Although vaø Even though .
|Though/ Although/ Even though S + V + ( O ) , S + V + ( O ) |
|( S + V + ( O ) though/ although/ even though S + V + ( O ) |
Ex1: Though he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job. = He was unhappy in his job though he had a good salary.
Ex2: Even though the weather was cold, I went swimming. = I went swimming even though the weather was cold.
* Chuù yù : Chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà chính vaø chuû ngöõ trong meâïnh ñeà phuï coù theå gioáng nhau hoaëc khaùc nhau.
Phrase of concession laø cuïm töø chæ söï töông phaûn cuûa haønh ñoäng maø meänh ñeà chính gaây ra.
|Despite/ In spite of V-ing / ( Pro ) / N / NP , S + V + ( O ) |
|( S + V + ( O ) despite/in spite of V-ing / ( Pro )/ N / NP |
Ex1: In spite of (having) a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.= He was unhappy in his job in spite of (having) a good salary.
Ex2: Despite the cold weather, I went swimming. = I went swimming despite the cold weather.
* Chuù yù : 1. Neáu chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà chính vaø chuû ngöõ trong meâïnh ñeà phuï gioáng nhau, coù theå löôït boû chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà phuï, ñöa ñoäng töø veà nguyeân maãu tröôùc khi theâm -ing hoaëc bieán ñoåi meänh ñeà phuï thaønh cuïm danh töø nhö trong ví duï 1.
2. Neáu chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà chính vaø chuû ngöõ trong meâïnh ñeà phuï khaùc nhau, khoâng theå löôït boû chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà phuï maø phaûi bieán ñoåi meänh ñeà phuï thaønh cuïm danh töø nhö trong ví duï 2.
***
4. CLAUSES OF RESULT
(MEÄNH ÑEÀ CHÆ KEÁT QUAÛ)
Clause of result laø meänh ñeà phuï duøng ñeå chæ keát quaû cuûa haønh ñoäng maø meänh ñeà chính gaây ra. Noù ñöôïc noái vôùi meänh ñeà chính nhôø caùc töø nhö: so …… that …….. ; such ……. that ……….
* So ……....that
a. Hieän taïi :
|S + V ( present ) + so + adj / adv + that + S + ( shall / will / can / may ) + ( not ) + V |
Ex1 : My friend is so strong that he can lift up the table by himself.
Ex2 : The cost of education is rising so rapidly that students are looking for ways to cut expenses.
b. Quaù khöù :
|S + V ( past ) + so + adj / adv + that + S + ( would / should / could / might ) + ( not ) + V |
Ex1 : My friend was so strong that he could lift up the table by himself.
Ex2 : The cost of education was rising so rapidly that students were looking for ways to cut expenses.
Ex3 : She studied so hard that she would ( could ) pass the exam.
* such ………….. that
a. Hieän taïi :
|S + V ( present ) + such + ( a/an) + adj + noun + that + S + ( shall / will / can / may ) + ( not ) + V |
Ex1 : Mary has such a beautiful voice that we all like to hear her sing.
Ex2 : This is such an ugly chair that I am going to give it away.
b. Quaù khöù :
|S + V ( past ) + such + ( a/an ) + adj + noun + that + S + ( would / should / could / might ) + ( not ) + V |
Ex1 : It was such a nice day that we wanted to go out for a walk.
Ex2 : He gave me such good advice that I could pass the exam easily.
c. Chuù yù : Chuû ngöõ trong meänh ñeà chính vaø meänh ñeà phuï coù theå gioáng nhau hoaëc khaùc nhau tuyø theo yù nghóa cuûa töøng caâu.
* enough ……… to
|S + V + adj / adv + enough + ( for + someone/something ) + to-V |
Ex1: My brother is old enough to go to school.
Ex2: She works hard enough to pass the coming exam.
Ex3: The exercises were easy enough for you to do in 15 minutes.
Ex4: They spoke English slowly enough for us to understand.
* too ………….. to
|S + V + too + adj / adv + ( for + someone/something ) + to-V |
Ex1: He is too young to go to school.
Ex2: He spoke too fast to understand.
Ex3: The questions are too difficult for us to answer.
Ex4: They spoke English too slowly for us to understand.
***
5. SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
(SÖÏ PHOÁI HÔÏP CAÙC THÌ TRONG MEÄNH ÑEÀ TRAÏNG NGÖÕ CHÆ THÔØI GIAN)
a. Compare : (haõy so saùnh)
(a) He walked up and down until he was ressured by the returning warmth.
an adverbial clause (Meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian )
Anh aáy daäm chaân leân xuoáng cho ñeán khi anh ta yeân taâm ñaõ laáy laïi ñöôïc hôi aám.
(b) I will wait until you come back.
Toâi seõ ñôïi cho ñeán khi baïn quay trôû laïi.
Notes : Trong caâu (a) caû hai ñoäng töø “walked “ vaø “was ressured “ ôû thì quaù khöù ñôn.
Trong caâu (b) ñoäng töø trong meänh ñeà chính “will wait “ ôû thì töông lai ñôn vaø ñoäng töø trong meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian “ come back “ ôû thì hieän taïi ñôn.
b. Observe the following sequence of tenses. (Haõy quan saùt söï phoái hôïp thì sau)
+ Sequence with the simple present in the main clause denoting a customary activity
(Phoái hôïp vôùi thì hieän taïi ñôn ôû meänh ñeà chính chæ hoaït ñoäng theo thoùi quen bình thöôøng)
|We always take our umbrellas with us when it rains. |Customary activity |
|Chuùng toâi luoân mang duø ñi cuøng chuùng toâi khi naøo trôøi möa. |Haønh ñoäng theo thoùi quen bình thöôøng |
|I usually read the newspaper while I am waiting for the bus. |Emphasizing the continuous nature of the activity |
|Toâi thöôøng ñoïc baùo trong khi toâi ñang ñôïi xe buyùt. |Nhaán maïnh baûn chaát tieáp dieãn cuûa haønh ñoäng. |
|He never goes home before he has finished his work . |Emphasizing the completion of the activity |
|Anh aáy khoâng bao giôø veà nhaø tröôùc khi anh ta hoaøn taát coâng vieäc. |Nhaán maïnh ñeán söï hoaøn taát cuûa haønh ñoäng |
+ Sequence with the future tenses in the main clause
(Phoái hôïp vôùi caùc thì ôû töông lai trong meänh ñeà chính)
|I am going to wait until you have finished your work. | The present perfect emphasizes the completion of the activity|
|Toâi coù yù ñònh ñôïi cho tôùi khi naøo baïn hoaøn taát coâng vieäc. | |
|We will go as soon as you have finished your work. | |
|Toâi seõ ñi khi naøo baïn hoaøn taát coâng vieäc. |Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh nhaán maïnh ñeán söï hoaøn taát |
|We will go when you finish your work. |cuûa haønh ñoäng |
|Toâi seõ ñi khi baïn hoaøn thaønh coâng vieäc. | |
| |Will have finished in the main clause expresses the completion|
|We’ll have already finished the work when you get back. |of an activity at a point of time in the future. |
| |Will have finished trong meänh ñeà chính dieãn taû söï hoaøn |
|Chuùng toâi seõ saün saøng hoaøn taát coâng vieäc khi naøo baïn quay trôû laïi. |taát cuûa haønh ñoäng taïi moät thôøi ñieåm xaùc ñònh trong |
| |töông lai. |
+ Sequence with the past tenses in the main clause
(Phoái hôïp vôùi caùc thì ôû quaù khöù trong meänh ñeà chính)
|1. I sat near the window whenever I took a bus. |+ Customary activity in the past |
|Toâi ngoài gaàn cöûa soå baát cöù khi naøo toâi ñi xe buyùt. |Haønh ñoäng theo thoùi quen bình thöôøng trong quaù khöù. |
|2. It was raining hard when I got there. | |
|Trôøi ñang möa naëng haït khi toâi ñeán ñoù. |+ The simple past in 2,3,8 denotes wholly completed activities at a point |
| |of time in the past. |
|3. I met him while I was walking down the street. |Thì quaù khöù ñôn trong caâu 2,3,8 chæ ñeán caùc hoaït ñoäng hoaøn toaøn |
|Toâi gaëp anh ta trong khi toâi ñi boä xuoáng ñöôøng. |keát thuùc taïi moät thôøi ñieåm xaùc ñònh trong quaù khöù. |
| |+ The past continuous in 2,3,4 denotes continuous activities at a point of|
|4. I was watching T.V. while my father was reading. |time or an implied point of time in the past. |
|Toâi ñang xem T.V trong khi ñoù boá toâi ñang ñoïc saùch. |Thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn trong caâu 2,3,4 chæ ñeán caùc haønh ñoäng tieáp|
| |dieãn taïi moät thôøi ñieåm hoaëc moät ñieåm thôøi gian haøm yù trong quaù|
|5. He left after / when / as soon as / he had finished his work. |khöù. |
|Anh ta rôøi sau khi / khi / ngay khi anh ta ñaõ hoaøn thaønh coâng vieäc. |+ The past perfect in 5,6 expresses activities that occurred before other |
|6. The train had already left when I arrived at the station. |activities in the past. |
|Chuyeán taøu ñaõ rôøi roài khi toâi ñeán saân ga. |Thì quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh trong caâu 5,6 dieãn taû caùc haønh ñoâng xaûy |
|7. I have felt much better since I have been there. |ra tröôùc caùc haønh ñoäng khaùc trong qua khöù. |
|Toâi ñaõ caûm thaáy toát hôn töø khi toâi ôû taïi ñaây. | |
| |+ The present perfect in 7,8 expresses activities that began in the past |
|8. She has played the piano since she was a child. |and has continued to the present, and may continue to the future. |
|Coâ ta ñaõ chôi döông caàm töø khi coøn nhoû. |Thì hieän tai hoaøn thaønh trong caâu 7,8 dieãn taû caùc haønh ñoäng baét |
| |ñaàu xaûy ra trong quaù khöù vaãn coøn tieáp dieãn ñeán hieän taïi vaø |
| |coù theå tieáp tuïc dieãn ra trong töông lai. |
* Notes :
a. There are no future tenses in the adverbial clauses of time. (Khoâng duøng baát cöù thì töông lai naøo trong meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian.)
b. The adverbial clauses of time are introduced by the following conjunctions: when, whenever, before, after, since, as, as soon as, while, until, just as, no sooner … than, hardly … when, as long as, etc. (Meänh ñeà traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian thöôøng ñöôïc baét ñaàu baèng nhöõng lieân töø chæ thôøi gian: when (khi) , whenever ( baát cöù khi naøo) , before ( tröôùc khi) , after (sau khi) , since ( töø khi) , as (khi, ngay khi, trong khi) , as soon as ( ngay khi) , while ( trong khi) until ( cho ñeán khi), till (cho ñeán khi ) , just as (ngay khi) , no sooner ... than (lieàn ngay), hardly … when ( vöøa khi), as long as ( ngay khi) , vv.)
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM (50 CÂU)
I. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to complete each sentence.
1. You should say goodbye to your brother…………… you leave for Europe.
A. despite B. after C. since D. before
2. …………… he is old, he wants to travel around the world.
A. In spite of B. Although C. Despite D. Because
3. …………… I came to this country, I couldn't speak a word of English.
A. Since B. After C. When D. Before
4. The film was……………..boring that we had left before the end.
A. such B. too C. so D. enough
5. They left the house .............. saying good-bye to their mother.
A. before B. after C. during D. in
6. The class discussion was short. …......., we gained some new knowledge from it.
A. However B. Moreover C. Although D. Therefore
7. ................ you study harder, you will not win a scholarship.
A. Unless B. Because C. If D. In order that
8. …………….. the dance, Jerry said good-bye to his girlfriend.
A. Before left B. Before he leaves C. Before leaving D. Before he will leave
9. The country air is fresh. .................., it is not polluted.
A. However B. Moreover C. Whenever D. So
10. It was_________that we went for a walk.
A. such beautiful weather B. so as beautiful night C. no nice weather D. such a nice weather
11. He never goes to bed .................... he finishes his homework.
A. unless B. when C. while D. if
12. My mother is washing the dishes _________ my father is watching television.
A. when B. while C. as D. since
13. He's still going to school ………........ his injury.
A. even though B. although C. in spite of D. even
14. He left home early .................. he could arrive at the station on time.
A. because of B. in order to C. although D. so that
15. We will wait here ................ he comes back.
A. while B. until C. before D. after
16. Thousands of people came to see the Queen ................ the rain.
A. because B. owing to C. in spite of D. according to
17. We could reach the house .................. the road was flooded.
A. although B. whether C. as if D. even
18. Our teacher speaks slowly ................... we may understand him.
A. because B. in order to C. so that D. or
19. I haven't seen Tom ............... he gave me this book.
A. since B. for C. until D. before
20. Faraday’s father was ……………poor to send him to school.
A. so B. too C. much D. very
21. ............ it is getting dark, she still waits for him.
A. Unless B. Since C. While D. Although
22. ....................... he has a headache, he has to take an aspirin.
A. How B. Because C. Where D. Although
23. …………….. the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire.
A. Until B. No sooner C. By the time D. After
24. Our visit to Japan was delayed ............... my wife's illness.
A. because B. because of C. thanks to D. though
25. Trees won't grow .................. there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
26. It was …………. that we went for a picnic in the countryside.
A. so a nice day B. such nice day C. so nice day D. such a nice day
27. ................ she's busy, she still helps you.
A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As
28. Take a map with you ............... you lose your way.
A. in case B. so C. because D. although
29. I couldn't unlock it ................ I had the wrong key.
A. because B. so that C. since D. so
30. He agreed to go climbing .............. he hated heights.
A. although B. in case C. since D. because
31. He got a new alarm clock .................... he'd get up on time.
A. although B. so that C. since D. so
32. He hasn't written to us ................. he left.
A. as long as B. since C. by the time D. as soon as
33. She'll only do the job .............. you pay her more.
A. before B. after C. if D. while
34. The gate was shut ....................... the cows won't get out of the cage.
A. so as to B. in order to C. so as not D. so that
35. …………… Peter gets here, we will congratulate him.
A. As soon as B. After C. No sooner D. Since
36. We moved to the front row ................ we could hear and see better.
A. so B. so that C. such D. such that
37. I made a mistake …………… I was tired.
A. though B. so that C. because D. if
38. …………… a headache, he enjoyed the film.
A. Although B. In spite of C. Because of D. However
39. …………… my homework, I went to bed.
A. After I had finished B. After finished C. Finished D. After had finished
40. Minh had a terrible headache. .............., he went to school.
A. Therefore B. But C. However D. Although
II. Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given.
41. We stayed in that hotel despite the noise
A. Despite the hotel is noisy, we stayed there. B. We stayed in the noisy hotel and we liked it.
C. Although the hotel was noisy, we stayed there. D. Because of the noise, we stayed in the hotel.
42. They can’t work and travel because they are old.
A. Because of their old age, they can’t work and travel. B. In spite of their old age, they can work and travel.
C. Despite their old age, they still work and travel. D. Even though they work and travel, they are old.
43. Despite the bad weather, people travel by air
A. Even though the weather is bad, people travel by air. B. Because the weather is bad, people travel by air.
C. In spite of people travel by air, the weather is bad. D. Although the bad weather, people travel by air.
44. She is learning English because she wants to get a better job.
A. She is learning English so that she get a better job.
B. She is learning English so as she gets a better job.
C. She is learning English in order she can get a better job.
D. She is learning English so that she will be able to get a better job.
45. He was very tired but he kept on working.
A. Despite he was very tired, he kept on working. B. In spite of he was very tired, he kept on working.
C. Though his tiredness, he kept on working. D. Although he was very tired, he kept on working.
46. The fog was so thick that our flight was cancelled.
A. The fog was quite thick, but the plane still took off. B. Despite the fog, the plane took off.
C. Our flight was cancelled because the fog was quite thick. D. We had a nice flight in such thick fog.
47. She was so busy that she couldn’t answer the phone.
A. Because she was very busy, she couldn’t answer the phone.
B. Because she was very busy, she could answer the phone.
C. Although she was very busy, she couldn’t answer the phone.
D. Although she was very busy, she could answer the phone.
48. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking.
A. Although we felt cold, but we kept walking B. Although we felt cold, we kept walking
C. However cold we felt, but we kept walking D. However we felt cold, we kept walking
49. The children laughed a lot because of the funny story.
A. The children laughed because the story is funny. B. The children laughed because of the story funny.
C. The children laughed because it was funny. D. The children laughed because the story was funny.
50. Although she tells lies, I believe her.
A. In spite of telling lies, I believe her. B. In spite her telling lies, I believe her.
C. In spite of her telling lies, I believe her. D. In spite of her tell lies, I believe her.
* PHẦN III: ĐÁP ÁN
|1|2B |3C |4C |
|D| | | |
|ĐỀ THI THAM KHẢO | |
| | | |
| |(Đề thi có 05 trang) |Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề |
|Họ, tên thí sinh: ..................................................................... | |
| |Mã đề thi 001 |
|Số báo danh: .......................................................................... | |
| | |
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
|Question 1: A. washed | B. formed | C. turned | D. boiled |
|Question 2: A. house | B. mouth | C. could | D. found |
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. inform B. explore C. prevent
Question 4: A. attitude B. manager C. invention
D. cancel
D. company
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 5: My parents hope to travel around ______ world next summer.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø (no article)
Question 6: If you watch this film, you ______ about the cultures of Southeast Asian countries.
|A. learned |B. were learning |C. will learn |D. would learn |
|Question 7: Paul noticed a job advertisement while he ______ along the street. |
|A. was walking |B. would walk |C. walked |D. had walked |
|Question 8: Solar energy is not widely used ______ it is friendly to the environment. |
|A. since |B. although |C. in spite of |D. because of |
|Question 9: The sign warns people ______ the dangers of swimming in this river. |
|A. about |B. from |C. with |D. to |
|Question 10: ______, they were surprised to find their favourite band playing there. |
|A. On arrival at the party |B. To have attended the party |
|C. They had arrived at the party |D. Just attended the party |
Question 11: Once ______ in large quantities, these products will be more affordably priced.
A. are produced B. having produced C. produced D. producing Question 12: Jane would never forget ______ first prize in such a prestigious competition.
A. to be awarded B. being awarded C. to have awarded D. having awarded
Question 13: You should turn off the lights before going out to save ______.
A. electricity B. electrify C. electric D. electrically
Question 14: ______ school fees may discourage many students from attending university.
A. Gaining B. Receiving C. Improving D. Raising
Question 15: Drinking too much alcohol is said to ______ harm to our health.
A. make B. do C. lead D. take
Question 16: At the end of the training course, each participant was presented with a ______ of
completion.
A. degree B. certificate C. diploma D. qualification
Question 17: The ______ high levels of pollution in the coastal areas are a matter of great
concern to the government.
A. redundantly B. intensively C. marginally D. excessively
Question 18: Event organisers should plan everything carefully so as to leave nothing to ______.
A. possibility B. mistake C. opportunity D. chance
Trang 1/5 – Mã đề thi 001
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 19: The discovery of the new planet was regarded as a major breakthrough in
astronomy.
A. promised B. doubted C. considered D. refused
Question 20: Mary has finally managed to get round her strict parents to let her go on a three-
day excursion with her classmates.
A. permit B. persuade C. offer D. support
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 21: Traffic congestion in big cities deters many people from using their private cars at peak hours.
A. prohibits B. protects C. encourages D. limits
Question 22: These days, many people only read printed newspapers once in a while as they tend to access information online.
A. regularly
B. attentively
C. occasionally
D. selectively
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 23: Jack is inviting Mary to his party.
. Jack: ''Would you like to come to my party this weekend?''
. Mary: ''______.''
A. Yes, I'd love to B. No, don't worry C. You're welcome D. I'm afraid so Question 24: Laura and Mitchell are talking about their school curriculum.
- Laura: ''I think Art should be a compulsory subject.''
- Mitchell: ''______. Art helps develop creativity.''
A. I quite agree B. You must be kidding
C. I'm of the opposite opinion D. I don't think that's a good idea
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.
Advances in mobile technology and social networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before. If Facebook were a country, it would be the third largest in the world by population (The Economist, 2010). It is (25) ______ not surprising that so many psychologists,
sociologists, and others are eager to give their thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society.
The biggest criticism levelled at social networking is that young people are losing their offline friends to online friends (26) ______ are unable to provide the same deep connection and
emotional support. However, a lot of research shows these criticisms are generally (27) ______.
Allen et al. (2010) discovered that it is socially adjusted adolescents who are more likely to have a networking profile than those who are not. One study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project (2009) found that people are not (28) ______ offline friends with online companions but
are using them to support their offline relationships. The study also found that social networks allow us to have discussions with a much more diverse set of people than in the real world, so we share knowledge with people from a wide (29) ______ of backgrounds.
(Adapted from ''Skillful Reading & Writing 4''by Mike Boyle and Lindsay Warwick)
|Question 25: A. while |B. however |C. despite |D. therefore |
|Question 26: A. what |B. who |C. which |D. whom |
|Question 27: A. uninvolved |B. unequalled |C. unsettled |D. unfounded |
|Question 28: A. making |B. providing |C. combining |D. substituting |
|Question 29: A. vary |B. variety |C. various |D. variously |
Trang 2/5 – Mã đề thi 001
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.
Visitors to London are struck by the proud splendour and glamour of one of the world's oldest capitals, admiring iconic sites like Big Ben, the Palace of Westminster and Buckingham Palace. However, visitors seeking a glimpse into the city's everyday life should not miss Portobello Market, which is the most-visited market in London.
This vibrant market has been featured in a number of films, documentaries and best-selling books, the most famous being the film ''Notting Hill'' starring Hugh Grant and Julia Roberts, which brought Portobello Market to the attention of audiences all over the world.
Portobello Market is divided into different sections selling second-hand items, clothing, jewellery, souvenirs and vegetables. The most sought-after area is devoted to antiques. Visitors may feel overwhelmed as there are over 1,000 booths manned by antique dealers from throughout England. It's a great fun to browse through antique cameras, watches, pottery and paintings that date back 300 years. They are sold at different prices, so it's possible to find a few good bargains. It seems that both buyers and sellers look forward to the weekends when they can meet and escape the city's fast pace at Portobello Market.
When tired from exploring the market, visitors can drop into the nearby food courts to savour an Indian curry, Italian pizza or sandwiches from Europe. It's a great pleasure to drink a cappuccino while listening to street performers. These represent the lively fun of Portobello Market, offering exciting experiences that keep people coming back.
(Adapted from ''Heritage'' - Vietnam Airlines in-flight magazine)
Question 30: What is the passage mainly about?
A. The film ''Notting Hill'' B. The city of London
C. Portobello Market D. European cuisine
Question 31: According to the passage, Portobello Market has been featured in all of the
|following EXCEPT ______. | | | | |
|A. films |B. documentaries |C. books |D. songs |
|Question 32: The word ''they'' in paragraph 3 refers to ______. | |
|A. prices | |B. bargains |C. buyers and sellers |D. weekends |
|Question 33: Visitors to the antique area may feel overwhelmed because ______. |
|A. they can meet all sorts of people from England | |
|B. all the antiques are sold at the same price | | |
|C. there are a large number of antique shops there | |
|D. all the antiques are more than 300 years old | |
|Question 34: The word ''savour'' in paragraph 4 mostly means ______. | |
| | | | | | |
|A. see | |B. prepare |C. enjoy |D. make |
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Cambridge University is considering axing compulsory written exams, allowing students to use laptops or iPads instead, after tutors complained that students' handwriting is becoming illegible. Academics say the move, which would bring an end to over 800 years of tradition, has come about because students rely too heavily on laptops in lectures, and are losing the ability to write by hand.
Dr Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at Cambridge University, said handwriting is becoming a ''lost art'' among the current generation of students. She added, ''It's increasingly hard for our examiners to read students' scripts. Those with illegible writing are forced to come back to their college during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud in the presence of two university administrators. It's extraordinarily commendable that the University is considering reforms to its examination practices.''
Sir Anthony Seldon, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Buckingham, said it is inevitable that universities will move to computers as handwriting deteriorates in the coming
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years. ''We have to accept the reality. Handwriting has now become an optional, not a necessary, part of education. There simply isn't the same time in the curriculum for learning elegant, beautiful handwriting. Life is so quick now. Everybody writes as if they were a doctor writing a prescription,'' he said. ''Handwriting is not necessary for great thought, great English, or great intelligence. Some of our finest wordsmiths today write using laptops, and we have to fight to preserve what is really important, such as the use of great English or great sentence structures.''
Others, however, were not very positive about the move. Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert, urged Cambridge to ensure that students continue to write by hand. She said, ''It's vital that people continue to write by hand. Writing by hand improves memory and equates to a higher rate of comprehension and information retention.'' There is also concern that schools could follow Cambridge's example by moving away from handwriting. Dr Jane Medwell, Associate Professor of Education at the University of Nottingham, is concerned that scrapping handwritten exams in universities could prompt ''downward curriculum pressure'' on primary and secondary schools to follow suit.
(Adapted from )
Question 35: Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Cambridge University in an Attempt to Improve Students' Handwriting B. Cambridge University Pondering Changes to its Exam Practices
C. Cambridge University Attacked again for Abolishing Written Exams D. Cambridge University to Replace Written with Oral Exams
Question 36: According to paragraph 1, Cambridge University has a long-standing tradition of
|______. | | | | | | |
|A. offering academic tutorials |B. organising handwritten exams |
|C. relying heavily on technology |D. training students in legible handwriting |
|Question 37: The word ''Those'' in paragraph 2 refers to ______. | |
| | | | | | | |
|A. examiners | |B. students |C. scripts |D. administrators |
|Question 38: The word "deteriorates'' in paragraph 3 mostly means ______. |
| | | | | | |
|A. remains unchanged | | | |B. becomes more important |
|C. improves gradually | | | |D. gets worse and worse |
Question 39: It can be inferred from what Sir Anthony Seldon said in paragraph 3 that ______.
A. schools in the country used to have more time for handwriting practice B. schools in the country have failed to preserve the beauty of English
C. people's handwriting generally reflects their intelligence and linguistic competence D. the majority of doctors these days no longer write prescriptions by hand
Question 40: The word ''scrapping'' in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. reconsidering B. eliminating C. introducing D. discouraging Question 41: As mentioned in paragraph 4, writing by hand can ______.
A. enhance the ability to remember information
B. guarantee desirable academic performance
C. facilitate the process of information exchange
D. relieve students of unnecessary pressure
Question 42: Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Cambridge University’s move away from handwriting has already set an unprecedented example for other schools to follow.
B. Sarah Pearsall acknowledged handwriting as an art form to be preserved among the current generation of students at Cambridge University.
C. Sir Anthony Seldon claimed that learning to use great English was more important than learning to write by hand beautifully.
D. Most of the tutors at Cambridge are skeptical of the university's decision regarding handwritten exams.
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 43: My friends and I go usually to the park on the weekend.
A B C D
Question 44: Information on the Romans can find not only in these books but also on the Internet.
ABCD Question 45: There are a number of updated entrances in the latest edition of the encyclopedia.
A B C D
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 46: In Vietnam, football is more popular than basketball.
A. In Vietnam, basketball is not as popular as football.
B. In Vietnam, basketball is more popular than football.
C. In Vietnam, football is not as popular as basketball.
D. In Vietnam, football is as popular as basketball.
Question 47: ''What are you going to do after school, Anne?'' Kevin asked.
A. Kevin asked Anne what was she going to do after school.
B. Kevin asked Anne what she was going to do after school.
C. Kevin wanted to know what Anne would do after school.
D. Kevin wanted to know what would Anne do after school.
Question 48: Sally paid for her travel in advance, but it wasn’t necessary.
A. Sally needn't have paid for her travel in advance.
B. Sally might not have paid for her travel in advance.
C. Sally may not have paid for her travel in advance.
D. Sally couldn’t have paid for her travel in advance.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 49: Jenifer rejected the job offer. She now regrets it.
A. Jenifer regrets not having rejected the job offer.
B. If only Jenifer didn’t reject the job offer.
C. Jenifer wishes she hadn’t rejected the job offer.
D. Jenifer regrets to reject the job offer.
Question 50: Mike became a father. He felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents. A. Were Mike to become a father himself, he would feel a strong sense of responsibility
towards his parents.
B. Only after Mike had become a father himself did he feel a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents.
C. Had Mike become a father himself, he would have felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents.
D. Not until he felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents did Mike become a father himself.
------------------------ HẾT ------------------------
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ĐỀ 2:
BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2018
| | | |Bài thi: NGOẠI NGỮ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH |
|ĐỀ THI THAM KHẢO | |
| | | |
| |(Đề thi có 06 trang) |Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề |
|Họ, tên thí sinh: ..................................................................... | |
| |Mã đề thi 001 |
|Số báo danh: .......................................................................... | |
| | |
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. legal B. diverse C. polite D. complete
Question 2. A. interview B. compliment C. sacrifice D. represent
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
|Question 3. A. mood |B. flood |C. spoon | D. moon |
| | | | |
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5. If he were younger, he ______ a professional running competition now.
A. will join B. had joined C. would have joined D. would join
Question 6. The children ______ to bed before their parents came home from work.
A. were all going B. had all gone
C. had all been going D. have all gone
Question 7. Linda refused ______ in the musical performance because she was sick.
A. to participate B. participate C. participating D. to participating
Question 8. There has been little rain in this area for months, ______?
A. has it B. has there C. hasn’t it D. hasn’t there
Question 9. David was deported on account of his expired visa. He ______ it renewed.
A. must have had B. should have had
C. needn’t have had D. mightn’t have had
Question 10. The proposal ______ by the environmentalists to grow more trees has received
approval from the council.
A. which suggested B. be suggested C. suggested D. was suggested
Question 11. Project-based learning provides wonderful opportunities for students to develop their
______.
A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creatively
Question 12. Violent films may have a negative ______ on children.
A. opinion B. influence C. dependence D. decision
Question 13. A good leader should not be conservative, but rather ______ to new ideas.
A. receptive B. acceptable C. permissive D. applicable
Question 14. ______ individuals are those who share the same hobbies, interests, or points of
view.
A. Light-hearted B. Like-minded C. Even-handed D. Open-minded
Question 15. The child has no problem reciting the poem; he has ______ it to memory.
A. devoted B. added C. committed D. admitted
Question 16. After several injuries and failures, things have eventually ______ for Todd when he
reached the final round of the tournament.
A. looked up B. gone on C. taken up D. turned on
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 17. The first few days at university can be very daunting, but with determination and positive attitude, freshmen will soon fit in with the new environment.
A. interesting B. memorable C. serious D. depressing
Question 18. Deforestation may seriously jeopardize the habitat of many species in the local area.
A. do harm to B. set fire to C. give rise to D. make way for
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 19. In this writing test, candidates will not be penalized for minor mechanical mistakes.
A. punished B. rewarded C. motivated D. discouraged
Question 20. After their long-standing conflict had been resolved, the two families decided to bury the hatchet.
A. become enemies B. become friends
C. give up weapons D. reach an agreement
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 21. John and Mary are talking about what to do after class.
John: “______”
Mary: “Yes, I’d love to.”
A. Do you often have time for a drink after class? B. Would you like to have a drink after class?
C. Do you often go out for a drink after class? D. Would you like tea or coffee after class? Question 22. Paul and Daisy are discussing life in the future.
Paul: “I believe space travel will become more affordable for many people in the future.”
Daisy: “______”
A. It doesn’t matter at all.
C. It is very kind of you to say so.
B. There’s no doubt about that.
D. I am sorry to hear that.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.
GOOD FRIENDS
Psychologists have long known that having a set of cherished companions is crucial to mental well-being. A recent study by Australian investigators concluded that our friends even help to (23) ______ our lives. The study concentrated (24) ______ the social environment, general
health, and lifestyle of 1,477 persons older than 70 years. The participants were asked how much contact they had with friends, children, relatives and acquaintances.
Researchers were surprised to learn that friendships increased life (25) ______ to a far
greater extent than frequent contact with children and other relatives. This benefit held true even after these friends had moved away to another city and was independent of factors such as socio-economic status, health, and way of life. According to scientists, the ability to have relationships with people to (26) ______ one is important has a positive effect on physical and mental health.
Stress and tendency towards depression are reduced, and behaviours that are damaging to health, such as smoking and drinking, occur less frequently. (27) _______, our support networks, in times
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of calamity in particular, can raise our moods and feelings of self-worth and offer helpful strategies for dealing with difficult personal challenges.
(Source: Academic Vocabulary in Use by Michael McCarthy and Felicity O’Dell)
| | |
|Question 23. A. prolong |B. lengthen |C. stretch |D. expand |
|Question 24. A. in |B. with |C. on |D. at |
|Question 25. A. expectation |B. insurance |C. expectancy |D. assurance |
|Question 26. A. who |B. whom |C. what |D. that |
|Question 27. A. Otherwise |B. For example |C. Moreover |D. However |
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.
We get great pleasure from reading. The more advanced a man is, the greater delight he will find in reading. The ordinary man may think that subjects like philosophy or science are very difficult and that if philosophers and scientists read these subjects, it is not for pleasure. But this is not true. The mathematician finds the same pleasure in his mathematics as the school boy in an adventure story. For both, it is a play of the imagination, a mental recreation and exercise.
The pleasure derived from this activity is common to all kinds of reading. But different types of books give us different types of pleasure. First in order of popularity is novel-reading. Novels contain pictures of imaginary people in imaginary situations, and give us an opportunity of escaping into a new world very much like our world and yet different from it. Here we seem to live a new life, and the experience of this new life gives us a thrill of pleasure.
Next in order of popularity are travel books, biographies and memoirs. These tell us tales of places we have not seen and of great men in whom we are interested. Some of these books are as wonderful as novels, and they have an added value that they are true. Such books give us knowledge, and we also find immense pleasure in knowing details of lands we have not seen and of great men we have only heard of.
Reading is one of the greatest enjoyments of life. To book-lovers, nothing is more fascinating than a favorite book. And, the ordinary educated man who is interested and absorbed in his daily occupation wants to occasionally escape from his drudgery into the wonderland of books for recreation and refreshment.
(Source: )
Question 28. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Different types of books B. Different kinds of reading
C. Reading as an exercise for the brain D. Reading as a pleasurable activity
Question 29. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Ordinary people may think that philosophy and science are difficult.
B. Reading about mathematics is mentally entertaining for a mathematician.
C. Philosophers and scientists do not read for pleasure.
D. A more advanced person takes greater pleasure in reading.
Question 30. The word “derived” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. differed B. established C. bought D. obtained
Question 31. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. a new life B. our world C. an opportunity D. a thrill of pleasure
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Question 32. The word “immense” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. great B. limited C. personal D. controlled
Question 33. According to the passage, travel books, biographies and memoirs ______.
A. are wonderful novels B. tell stories of well-known places
C. are less popular than novels D. are more valuable than novels
Question 34. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is the most fascinating to book-lovers?
A. A daily occupation B. An ordinary educated man
C. The wonderland D. A favorite book
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
The system of higher education had its origin in Europe in the Middle Ages, when the first universities were established. In modern times, the nature of higher education around the world, to some extent, has been determined by the models of influential countries such as France and Germany.
Both France and Germany have systems of higher education that are basically administered by state agencies. Entrance requirements for students are also similar in both countries. In France, an examination called the baccalauréat is given at the end of secondary education. Higher education in France is free and open to all students who have passed this baccalauréat. Success in this examination allows students to continue their higher education for another three or four years until they have attained the first university degree called a licence in France.
Basic differences, however, distinguish these two countries’ systems. French educational districts, called académies, are under the direction of a rector, an appointee of the national government who is also in charge of universities in each district. The uniformity in curriculum throughout the country leaves each university with little to distinguish itself. Hence, many students prefer to go to Paris, where there are better accommodations and more cultural amenities for them. Another difference is the existence in France of prestigious higher educational institutions known as grandes écoles, which provide advanced professional and technical training. Most of these schools are not affiliated with the universities, although they too recruit their students by giving competitive examinations to candidates. The grandes écoles provide rigorous training in all branches of applied science and technology, and their diplomas have a somewhat higher standing than the ordinary licence.
In Germany, the regional universities have autonomy in determining their curriculum under the direction of rectors elected from within. Students in Germany change universities according to their interests and the strengths of each university. In fact, it is a custom for students to attend two, three, or even four different universities in the course of their undergraduate studies, and the majority of professors at a particular university may have taught in four or five others. This high degree of mobility means that schemes of study and examination are marked by a freedom and individuality unknown in France.
France and Germany have greatly influenced higher education systems around the world. The French, either through colonial influence or the work of missionaries, introduced many aspects of their system in other countries. The German were the first to stress the importance of universities as research facilities, and they also created a sense of them as emblems of a national mind.
(Source: )
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Question 35. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The nature of education around the world in modern times B. Systems of higher education in France and Germany C. The origin of higher education system in Europe
D. The influence of France and Germany on educational systems of other countries Question 36. The word “uniformity” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. proximity B. discrepancy C. similarity D. uniqueness
Question 37. The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. schools B. universities C. examinations D. branches
Question 38. Which of the following about grandes écoles in France is NOT stated in paragraph 3? A. Most of them have no connection with universities.
B. They have a reputation for advanced professional and technical training.
C. Their degrees are better recognized than those provided by universities.
D. They offer better accommodations and facilities than universities.
Question 39. According to the passage, a regional university rector in Germany is elected by
______.
A. the staff of the university B. the national government officials
C. the regional government officials D. the staff of other universities
Question 40. According to paragraph 4, what makes it possible for students in Germany to attend different universities during their undergraduate studies?
A. The university staff have become far more mobile and occupied.
B. The university’s training programs offer greater flexibility and freedom of choice.
C. University tuition fees are kept at an affordable level for all students.
D. Entry requirements to universities in Germany are made less demanding.
Question 41. The word “emblems” in the final paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. representatives B. directions C. structures D. delegates
Question 42. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Studying in France and Germany is a good choice for people of all ages and nationalities.
B. It normally takes longer to complete a university course in France than in Germany.
C. Universities in Germany can govern themselves more effectively than those in France.
D. The level of decentralization of higher education is greater in Germany than in France.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 43. Every member of the class were invited to the party by the form teacher.
A B C D
Question 44. Historically, it was the 3rd Asian Games in Japan that tennis, volleyball, table tennis
A B C
and hockey were added.
D
Question 45. Though formally close friends, they have now been estranged from each other due to
A B C
some regrettable misunderstandings.
D
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 46. Harry no longer smokes a lot.
A. Harry now smokes a lot. B. Harry used to smoke a lot.
C. Harry didn’t use to smoke a lot. D. Harry rarely smoked a lot.
Question 47. “I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport,” he said to me.
A. He objected to calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport.
B. He promised to call me as soon as he arrived at the airport.
C. He denied calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport.
D. He reminded me to call him as soon as he arrived at the airport.
Question 48. People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars.
A. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars. B. The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the
downtown area.
C. The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area. D. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of
private cars.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 49. The young girl has great experience of nursing. She has worked as a hospital volunteer for years.
A. Before she worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing.
B. Much as she has worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing.
C. Having worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing.
D. With great experience of nursing, the young girl has worked as a hospital volunteer for years.
Question 50. Peter told us about his leaving the school. He did it on his arrival at the meeting.
A. Only after his leaving the school did Peter inform us of his arrival at the meeting.
B. Not until Peter told us that he would leave the school did he arrive at the meeting.
C. Hardly had Peter informed us about his leaving the school when he arrived at the meeting.
D. No sooner had Peter arrived at the meeting than he told us about his leaving the school.
------------------------ THE END ------------------------
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ĐỀ 3:
BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2019
| | | |Bài thi: NGOẠI NGỮ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH |
|ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC | |
| | | |
| |(Đề thi có 04 trang) |Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề |
|Họ, tên thí sinh: ..................................................................... | |
| |Mã đề thi 401 |
|Số báo danh: .......................................................................... | |
| | |
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. consist B. carry C. remove D. protect
Question 2: A. solution B. principal C. passenger D. continent
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. touch B. round C. ground D. shout
Question 4: A. combined B. travelled C. behaved D. practiced
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 5: A shop assistant is talking to a customer.
. Shop assistant: “Do you need anything else?”
. Customer: “________”
A. Good job! B. That's all. Thanks. C. With pleasure. D. You're welcome.
Question 6: Ann and Peter are talking about housework.
- Ann: “I think children should be paid for doing the housework.”
-Peter: “________. It's their duty in the family.”
A. You're exactly right B. That's what I think
C. There's no doubt about it D. I don't think so
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSET in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 7: These photos brought back many sweet memories of our trip to Hanoi last year.
| | | | | | | |
|A. recalled |B. released |C. revised |D. caught |
|Question 8: At first, John said he hadn't broken the vase, but later he accepted it. | |
|A. denied |B. discussed |C. protected | | |D. admitted |
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 9: Children brought up in a caring environment tend to grow more sympathetic towards others.
A. loving B. dishonest C. healthy D. hateful
Question 10: It's quite disappointing that some people still turn a blind eye to acts of injustice they witness in the street.
A. take no notice of B. have no feeling for
C. show respect for D.pay attention to
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 11: As they remembered ________ about the danger of getting lost in the forest, the tourists
closely followed the tour guide.
A. being warned B. warning C. to be warned D. to warn
Question 12: Once ________ for viruses, the software can be installed in the school computer system for
use.
A. has tested B. is tested C. testing D. tested
Question 13: The teacher entered the room while the students ________ their plan for the excursion.
A. discuss B. were discussing C. discussed D. are discussing
Question 14: His choice of future career is quite similar ________ mine.
A. with B. at C. for D. to
Question 15: With his good sense of humour, Martin is quite ________ with the students.
A. popularity B. popular C. popularize D. popularly
Question 16: The residents of the village are living a happy life ________ they lack modern facilities.
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A. because of B. although C. therefore D. despite
Question 17: Action films with big stars tend to ________ great public attention.
A. achieve B. show C. attract D. reach
Question 18: This is ________ most beautiful song I've ever listened to.
A. an B. a C. the D. Ø
Question 19: The scientists are working on a drug capable of ________ the spread of cancerous cells.
A. arresting B. catching C. seizing D. grasping
Question 20: The little boy took an instant liking to his babysitter ________.
A. upon their first meeting B. before he first met her
C. prior to their first meeting D. as soon as he meets her
Question 21: It's time he acted like a ________ adult and stopped blaming others for his wrongdoings.
A. responsible B. sociable C. believable D. suitable
Question 22: We ________ on a field trip if the weather is fine this weekend.
A. could have gone B. will go C. would go D. went
Question 23: One recipe for success is to stay focused and ________ yourself to whatever you do.
A. apply B. attach C. assign D. adhere
Question 24: It's not my ________ to tell you how to run your life, but I think you should settle down and
have a family.
A. work B. chore C. job D. career
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.
Becoming an independent language learner
In an educational context, the term “learner independence” has gained increasing importance in recent years. It is of particular (25) ________ to language learning and commonly refers to the way students confidently control and organize their own language learning process. While some people seem to have an almost (26)
________ flair for languages, others have rely on strategies to maximize their skills and learn a foreign
language more effectively. The main thing to remember is that becoming a truly independent learner ultimately depends above all on taking responsibility for your own learning and being prepared to take every opportunity available to you to learn. You also increase your chances of (27) ________ by learning according to your own needs and interests, using all available resources. Research shows that learners (28) ________ adopt this approach will undoubtedly manage to broaden their language abilities considerably and, (29) ________, are more likely to achieve their objectives in the longer term.
| |(Adopted from “Complete Advanced” by Laura Malthews and Barbara Thomas) |
|Question 25: A. resemblance |B. relevance |C. acquaintance |D. acceptance |
|Question 26: A. habitual |B. spiritual |C. perceptive |D. instinctive |
|Question 27: A. successfully |B. successful |C. succeed |D. success |
|Question 28: A. who |B. why |C. where |D. which |
|Question 29: A. as a result |B. in contrast |C. though |D. because |
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.
Tribal tourism is a relatively new type of tourism. It involves travelers going to remote destinations, staying with local people and learning about their culture and way of life. They stay in local accommodation, share facilities with local people, and join in with meals and celebrations. At the moment, less than one percent of holidays are tribal tourism holidays, but this is set to change.
Tribal tourism is often compared with foreign exchange visits. However, a foreign exchange involves staying with people who often share the same values. Tribal tourism takes visitors to places where the lifestyle is very different from that in their home location. Those who have been on tribal holiday explain that experiencing this lifestyle is the main attraction. They say that it offers them the chance to live in a way they never have before. Not everyone is convinced that tribal tourism is a good thing, and opinions are divided. The argument is about whether or not it helps the local population, or whether it exploits them. The main problem is that, because tribal tourism is relatively new, the long-term influences on local populations have not been studied in much detail. Where studies have been carried out, the effects have been found to be negative.
So, is it possible to experience an exotic culture without harming it in some way? “With a bit of thought, we can maximise the positive influences and minimise the negative”, says travel company director
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Hilary Waterhouse. “The most important thing for a tribal tourist is to show respect for, learn about, and be aware of, local customs and traditions. Always remember you're a guest.”
| | | |(Adopted from “Complete IELTS” by Rawdon Wyatt) |
|Question 30: Which best serves as the title for the passage? | |
|A. An Old Tourist Destination |B. Holidays with a Difference |
|C. Different Customs of a Tribe |D. Peak Holiday Seasons | |
|Question 31: The word “They” in paragraph 1 refers to ________. | |
|A. travellers |B. facilities |C. local people |D. remote destinations |
Question 32: According to paragraph 2, what is the main attraction of tribal tourism?
A. Tourists can stay with people of the same values. B. Tourists can interact with other foreign visitors.
C. Tourists can experience a different lifestyle. D. Tourists can explore beauty spots in remote areas.
Question 33: The word “divided” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. similar B. important C. different D. interesting
Question 34: According to Hilary Waterhouse, the most important thing for a tribal tourist is to ________.
A. forget about negative experiences B. respect local customs and traditions
C. learn about other guests D. be accompanied by other travellers
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones, and other equipment are discarded each year. In most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills, where it poisons the environment - e-waste contains many toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and arsenic, that leak into the ground.
Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old computers is more efficient - and less environmentally destructive - than digging it from the earth. The problem is that a large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling in wealthy countries is sold an diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.
To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn't taken effect, the European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws. One law holds manufacturers responsible for the sale disposal of electronics they produce.
Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean e-waste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic products into their component materials. As the machine's steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year. Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn't take many more machines like this to process the entire USA's output of high-tech trash.
Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring people from sending e-waste overseas.
| | |(Adopted from “Reading Explorer 4” by Paul MacIntyre and Nancy Hubley) |
|Question 35: Which best serves as the title for the passage? | |
|A. Waste Recycling: A Storm in a Teacup |B. Domestic Recycling: Pros and Cons |
|C. E-waste - An Export Commodity of the Future |D. E-waste - A Mess to Clear up |
|Question 36: The word “obsolete” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________. |
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|A. outdated |B. inaccurate |C. broken |D. incomplete |
Question 37: As stated in paragraph 2, a large percentage of e-waste meant for recycling in the developed
countries ________.
A. is buried deep in the soil at landfills B. contains all valuable metals except gold
C. is later recycled in local factories D. is eventually sent to developing nations
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Question 38: The word “notify” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.
| | | | | |
|A. assure |B. notice |C. excuse |D. inform |
|Question 39: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. | |
|A. the ban |B. recycling infrastructure |C. the European Union |D. the Basel Convention |
Question 40: According to the European Union's laws, electronics manufacturers are required to ________.
A. upgrade their recycling infrastructure regularly
B. sell their e-waste to developed nations only
C. sign the Basel Convention
D. take responsibility for disposing of their products safely
Question 41: Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?
A. The USA's total e-waste output amounts to 70,000 tons per year.
B. Creative Recycling Systems has made a fortune from their recycling machine.
C. The Basel Convention originally banned the import of high-tech trash into European countries.
D. Shipping e-waste abroad yields greater profit than recycling it safely in the USA.
Question 42: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Most countries have made enormous efforts to manage their e-waste exports.
B. Legislative action is fundamental to solving the problem of e-waste effectively.
C. Strict laws against sending e-waste abroad have recently been upheld in Florida.
D. Developing nations benefit more from the trade in e-waste than their developed counterparts.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 43: Peter moved abroad for a fresh start. He regrets it now.
A. If only Peter had moved abroad for a fresh start.
B. Peter wishes he hadn't moved abroad for a fresh start.
C. If Peter moved abroad for a fresh start, he would regret it.
D. Peter regrets not having moved abroad for a fresh start.
Question 44: Smartphones are becoming reasonably priced. New applications make them more appealing.
A. Appealing though smartphones are with new applications, they are becoming less affordably priced.
B. Whatever new applications smartphones have, they are becoming more appealing with reasonable prices.
C. No matter how reasonable the prices of smartphones are, they are not so appealing with new applications.
D. Not only are smartphones becoming more affordable cut, with new applications, they are also more appealing.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 45: It was wrong of you to criticise your son in front of his friends.
A. You shouldn't have criticised your son in front of his friends.
B. You must have criticised your son in front of his friends.
C. You mightn't have criticised your son in front of his friends.
D. You could have criticised your son in front of his friends.
Question 46: My father likes reading newspapers more than watching TV.
A. My father doesn't like watching TV as much as reading newspapers.
B. My father likes watching TV more than reading newspapers.
C. My father doesn't like reading newspapers as much as watching TV.
D. My father likes watching TV as much as reading newspapers.
Question 47: “How long have you lived here, Lucy?” asked Jack.
A. Jack asked Lucy how long did she live here. B. Jack asked Lucy how long she had lived there.
C. Jack asked Lucy how long she lived here. D. Jack asked Lucy how long had she lived there.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 48: At the beginning of the ceremony, there was a respectable one-minute silence
A B
in remembrance of the victims of the earthquake.
C D
Question 49: My mother gets up usually early to prepare breakfast for the whole family.
A B C D
Question 50: The money raised in the appeal will use to help those in need in remote areas.
A B C D
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|ĐỀ 4: SỞ GD- ĐT PHÚ YÊN |ĐỀ KHẢO SÁT NĂNG LỰC HỌC SINH LỚP 12 |
|Trường THPT ………….. |Môn: TIẾNG ANH |
|(Đề thi tham khảo có 5 trang) |Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề |
Họ, tên thí sinh: .....................................................................
Số báo danh: ..........................................................................
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. podium B. scoreboard C. opponent D. soldier
Question 2: A. hesitation B. tsunami C. catastrophe D. windsurfing
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. answer B. appeal C. eject D. defend
Question 4: A. conference B. penalty C. precision D. countryman
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5: She is ___ eldest in her house, so she has to look after her brothers when her parents go out.
A. a B. an C. no article D. the
Question 6: ______from him, we would have asked him to come back for a home visit.
A. Had we heard anything B. Had anything we heard
C. We had anything heard D. Anything we had heard
Question 7: When my friend called me last night, I ______ my favourite show on television.
A. was watching B. watched C. watch D. have watched
Question 8: The prime minister will impose a tariff ______ domestic interests are being threatened by a flood of imports.
A. in spite of B. as C. despite D. ever since
Question 9: She prefers carnations ______ roses. In fact, she dislikes roses.
A. from B. over C. to D. than
Question 10: Penicillin, probably ______, came into widespread use after the Second World War.
A. knowing as an antibiotic B. the best known antibiotic
C. was known the antibiotic D. known best antibiotic
Question 11: The children ______ by social networks are likely to suffer from depression and other health problems.
A. are obsessed B. obsessing C. who obsessed D. obsessed
Question 12: He was made _______ his homework before playing the piano.
A. to finish B. finishing C. finish D. finished
Question 13: Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again more _______.
A. intelligent B. intelligence C. intelligently D. intellect
Question 14: Factories must treat all the harmful pollutants properly before ______ them into the environment.
A. relieving B. disclosing C. publishing D. discharging
Question 15: I am so sorry! I didn't break that necklace _______.
A. on purpose B. for a change C. in order D. at a loss
Question 16: Meditation can do ______ for both of your physical and mental health.
A. goods B. benefits C. advantages D. wonders
Question 17: To maintain good health, we should regularly do exercise and _____ junk food.
A. cut up to B. keep up to C. cut down on D. keep down on
Question 18: The phrase has become almost _______.
A. meaningless B. jobless C. tasteless D. careless
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 19: I can't picture life on an isolated island without running water and electricity.
A. decide B. imagine C. surprise D. introduce
Question 20: I am becoming increasingly absent-minded. Last week, I locked myself out of the house twice.
A. careful B. mindless C. forgetful D. forgettable
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 21: They will talk to us about the new project in detail.
A. soon B. briefly C. slowly D. rapidly
Question 22: The floods have made the whole village inaccessible.
A. solvable B. capable C. probable D. approachable
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 23: Ben is thanking Anne for the birthday present.
- Ben: “What a lovely watch! Thank you so much!” - Anne: “____________________”
A. Yes. It is extremely expensive. B. Yes. It is very difficult to find.
C. Yes. It is really lovely. D. You're welcome. I am glad you like it.
Question 24: Linda and Mary are talking about the development of robots.
- Linda: “Do you think that robots can do the housework for people in the future?”
- Mary: “_________________________________”
A. Sorry, I can't. I don't like robots.
B. Why not? Robots have been used in helping people with it now.
C. What for? There have been quite a few robots around here.
D. I am really happy that you also like to have robots in homes.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always expected to be successful? Having someone around (25) _____ always fears the worst isn't really a lot of fun - we all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, "It looks like rain". But if you catch yourself thinking such things, it's important to do something about it.
You can change your view of life, according to psychologists. It only takes a little (26) _____, and you will find life more rewarding as a result. Optimism, they say, is partly about self-respect and (27) _____ but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to result offer. Optimists are more likely to start new projects and generally more prepared to take risks.
Upbringing is obviously very important (28) _____ forming your attitude to the world. Some people are brought up to depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes wrong. Most optimists, (29) ______, have been brought up not to regard failure as the end of the world - they just get on with their lives.
Question 25: A. which B. who C. what D. whom
Question 26: A. effort B. effect C. energy D. work
Question 27: A. confident B. confidence C. confidently D. confide
Question 28: A. from B. of C. in D. with
Question 29: A. as a result B. so that C. even though D. on the other hand
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Football, or soccer in the U.S., dates back to 2500 B.C. with the Chinese game of tsu chu. The sport we know today originated from Britain. Today, more than 120 million players over the globe participate in the game, making soccer the world's sport.
So, why is soccer so popular? Maybe it's the feeling that the team on the field is your team; their win is your victory, and their loss is your defeat. Or maybe it is the game's international quality. In countries like France, England, Spain, Brazil, major teams have players from many different nations, and these clubs now have fans all over the world. Or perhaps it's the promise of great wealth. A number of professional soccer players, including Cameroon's Samuel Eto's and Portugal's Cristiano Rolnado, come from poor families. Today, both of these players make millions of euros every year.
However, ultimately, the main reason for its universal appeal may be this: It's a simple game. It can be played anywhere with anything - a ball, a can, or even some bags tied together. And anyone can play it.
In the mid-1800s, European colonists brought the game to Africa. Early matches were first played in the South African cities of Cape Town in 1862. Today, some of the game's best players come from African nations and all over the continent, thousands of soccer academies now recruit boys from poorer cities and towns to play the game. Their team is to join a national team or one of the big clubs in Europe someday. For some, the dream comes true, but for most, it doesn't.
Question 30: What is the passage mainly about?
A. The history of soccer B. Soccer clubs
C. The popularity of soccer D. How African soccer began
Question 31: According to the passage, where did soccer that we know today originate from?
A. Britain B. China C. Africa D. France
Question 32: In the 2nd paragraph, which of these is NOT given as a possible reason for soccer's popularity?
A. The team spirit among players B. Famous players from many different countries
C. The possibility of making a lot of money D. The number of soccer games shown on TV
Question 33: What does the author mean by "It's a simple game." in paragraph 3?
A. The rules are easy for people to understand. B. You don't need talent to play soccer well.
C. You can play it anywhere with anything. D. There are many local versions of soccer.
Question 34: What does the word "some" in the last sentence of paragraph 4 refer to?
A. poor boys B. soccer academies C. national team D. cities and towns
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Pangolins, or scaly-anteaters, are nearing extinction, thanks to the illegal trade of their meat and scales, which are in demand, most especially in China, Vietnam and some parts of Southeast Asia. The meat of pangolins is believed to have medicinal properties. It scales, on the other hand, are popular as delicacy in South Africa.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has already banned transporting of pangolins across borders, but that does not stop the illegal activities in the region. Last year, a speeding car in Vietnam was apprehended by authorities but they were surprised on what they found after inspecting the vehicle: 118 critically endangered pangolins cramped with no food or water. Save Vietnam's Wildlife (SVW) was called to rescue and assess the situation. The national non-profit organization (NGO) is dedicated to protecting plants, animals and vital natural resources of this Southeast Asian nation. The volunteers quickly unwrapped the pangolins and found out that five of them already died. SVW is taking recaptured pangolins under its care until they are strong enough to be released into the wild. However, taking care of them is not cheap. Pangolins consume 35 kg of food every day, which is equivalent to $135 per day.
The mission of SVW is simple: "Environmental harmony between people and nature in Vietnam where wildlife is given the opportunity to flourish." And they can't do this alone. They need all the help they can get so they can continue serving the community's best interests. Aside from saving endangered species, Save Vietnam's Wildlife is also focusing on nature conservation. As wildlife gets released back into the natural habitat, the cycle will not stop if they live in less ideal situation. SVW is doing field work and education drives in order for people to realize how critical it is for Vietnam to protect pangolins. In reality, there is also an economic aspect in this issue because people rely on illegal pangolin trading as it can fetch quick and big money. Most of the time, these illegal hunters continue this practice because they don't have any real job and most of the "skills" are just passed on to them.
Question 35: What are pangolins usually called?
A. Strange species B. Medicinal properties C. Scary animals D. Scaly-anteaters
Question 36: Where are pangolins' scales most popular?
A. China B. South Asia C. Africa D. Vietnam
Question 37: How many pangolins were found on a car across Vietnam's border last year?
A. 5 B. 35 C. 118 D. 135
Question 38: Which organization has banned transporting of pangolins across borders?
A. CITES B. ASEAN C. NGO D. SVW
Question 39: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an activity of Save Vietnam's Wildlife?
A. Saving endangered species B. Finding other jobs for hunters
C. Doing field work and education drives D. Conserving the nature
Question 40: What does the word "they" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Save Vietnam's Wildlife staff B. Endangered species
C. Illegal hunters D. The community's interests
Question 41: What is the word "cramped" in paragraph 2 closest in meaning to?
A. Packed B. Raised C. Provided D. Travelled
Question 42: What is the tone of the passage?
A. Critical B. Humorous C. Indifferent D. Pessimistic
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 43: Wise (A) man speak because they (B) have something (C) to say; fools speak because (D) they have to say something.
Question 44: (A) Despite many young people nowadays like (B) to communicate through the Internet, I, myself, (C) prefer face-to-face (D) communication.
Question 45: She dedicated her (A) efforts and time (B) for taking care (C) of people with (D) disabilities in the neighbourhood.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 46: No one knows the identity of the woman in the picture.
A. No one knows how to identify the woman in the picture.
B. The woman is well-known by everybody for her picture.
C. It is unknown who drew that picture of a woman.
D. No one knows who the woman in the picture is.
Question 47: We are going to get into hot water when we arrive home.
A. We are going to have a nice hot bath at home. B. When we get home, we are going to have trouble.
C. We have to boil water when we arrive home. D. The water will have become hot by the time we get home.
Question 48: Fansipan is the highest mountain in the Indochinese Peninsula.
A. No mountains in the Indochinese Peninsula are higher than Fansipan.
B. There are some mountains in the Indochinese Peninsula higher than Fansipan.
C. The highest mountain in the Indochinese Peninsula is exclusive Fansipan.
D. The Indochinese Peninsula includes one of the highest mountain on earth.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 49: She organized her work thoroughly. She accomplished it very little.
A. If she organized her work thoroughly, she could accomplish it very little.
B. Because she organized her work thoroughly, she accomplished it very little.
C. Though she organized her work thoroughly, she accomplished it very little.
D. Once she organized her work thoroughly, she accomplished it very little.
Question 50: Life is short. It is up to you to make it sweet.
A. No matter how sweet your life is, it is short. B. Life is short, and it is you that make it sweet.
C. It is short to know how sweet your life is. D. However short your life can be, it is sweet.
___________THE END__________
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|BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI THỬ THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2020 |
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. misses B. goes C. leaves D. potatoes
Question 2: A. fifteenth B. mouth C. southern D. author
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. contact B. concert C. constant D. concern
Question 4: A. occupation B. miraculous C. determine D. diversity
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5: My uncle’s company made a very good profit in _______________.
A. the 1990 B. 1990s C. 1990’s D. the 1990s
Question 6: Unless you ______________ all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answered B. answer C. don’t answer D. are answering
Question 7: He _____________ a terrible accident while he _______________ along Ben Luc Bridge.
A. see / am walking B. saw / was walking C. was seeing / walked D. have seen / were walking
Question 8: We all felt cold, wet and hungry; _________________ , we were lost.
A. moreover B. although C. however D. so that
Question 9: The public are concerned _______________ the increasing crime rates in the city.
A. with B. at C. about D. for
Question 10: Standing on top of the hill, ____________________.
A. people have seen a castle far away B. lies a castle in the middle of the island
C. a castle can be seen from the distance D. we can see a castle in the distance
Question 11: ____________ one of the most beautiful forms of performance art, ballet is a combination of dance and mime performed to music
A. Being considering B. Considering C. Considered D. To consider
Question 12: I was enjoying my book, but I stopped ______________________ a programme on TV.
A. reading to watch B. to read to watch C. to read for watching D. reading for to watch
Question 13: The _______________ dressed woman in the advertisement has a posed smile on her face.
A. stylish B. stylishly C. stylistic D. stylistically
Question 14: Students can _________ a lot of information just by attending class and taking good notes of the lectures.
A. absorb B. provide C. transmit D. read
Question 15: Make sure you __________________ us a visit when you are in town again.
A. give B. do C. pay D. have
Question 16: The play lasted two hours with a/an ____________ of 15 minutes between part one and part two.
A. interval B. pause C. stop D. interruption
Question 17: When he went to Egypt, he knew ______________ no Arabic, but within 6 months he had become extremely fluent.
A. entirely B. barely D. scarcely D. virtually
Question 18: ___________________ are that stock price will go up in the coming months.
A. Conditions B. Opportunities C. Possibilities D. Chances
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 19: To absorb a younger workforce, many companies offered retirement plans as incentives for older workers to retire and make way for the young ones who earned lower salary.
A. rewards B. opportunities C. motives D. encouragements
Question 20: How on earth could they do away with a lovely old building like that and put a car park there instead?
A. keep B. destroy C. decrease D. upgrade
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 21: Most universities have trained counselors who can reassure and console students who have academic or personal problems.
A. satisfy B. sympathize C. please D. discourage
Question 22: I don’t know what they are going to ask in the job interview. I’ll just play it by ear.
A. plan well in advance B. be careful about it C. listen to others saying D. do not plan beforehand
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 23: Tom is apologizing to Peter for being late.
- Tom: “Sorry, I’m late, Peter. My car has broken down on the way here.”
- Peter: “___________________”
A. No, I wouldn’t mind at all. B. Not on my account. C. That’s all right. D. Well, it’s worth a try.
Question 24: Two friends, Peter and Linda, are talking about pets.
- Peter: “Well, cats are very good at catching mice around the house”
- Linda: “___________________”
A. Nothing more to say. B. You can say that again. C. Yes, I hope so. D. No, dogs are good, too.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
The invention of the mobile phone has undoubtedly revolutionized the way people communicate and influenced every aspect of our lives. The issue is whether this technological innovation has (25) ______ more harm than good. In order to answer the question, we must first turn to the types of consumers. Presumably, most parents (26) ______ are always worrying about their children’s safety buy mobile phones for them to track their whereabouts. We can also assume that most teenagers want mobile phones to avoid missing out on social contact. In this context, the advantages are clear. (27) ________, we cannot deny the fact that text messages have been used by bullies to intimidate fellow students. There is also (28) ________ evidence that texting has affected literacy skills.
The widespread use of mobile phone has, out of question, affected adult consumers too. What employee, on the way home from work, would be reluctant to answer a call from their boss? Apparently, only 18% of us, according to a survey, are willing to switch off our mobile phones once we've left the office.
Admittedly, mobile phones can be intrusive but there are obvious benefits to possessing one. Personally speaking, they are invaluable when it comes to making social or business arrangements at short (29) _______. They also provide their owners with a sense of security in emergency situations.
Question 25: A. done B. played C. made D. brought
Question 26: A. which B. whom C. who D. what
Question 27: A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. So that
Question 28: A. indisputable B. arguable C. doubtless D. unhesitating
Question 29: A. time B. warning C. term D. notice
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
In Africa, people celebrate with joy the birth of a new baby. The Pygmies would sing a birth-song to the child. In Kenya, the mother takes the baby strapped to her back into the thorn enclosure where the cattle are kept. There, her husband and the village elders wait to give the child his or her name.
In West Africa, after the baby is eight days old, the mother takes the baby for its first walk in the big, wide world, and friends and family are invited to meet the new baby. In various African nations, they hold initiation ceremonies for groups of children instead of birthdays. When children reach a certain designated age, they learn the laws, beliefs, customs, songs and dances of their tribes. Some African tribes consider that children from nine to twelve are ready to be initiated into the grown up world. They may have to carry out several tests.
Maasai boys around thirteen years old to seventeen undergo a two-stage initiation. The first stage lasts about three months. The boys leave their parents' homes, paint their bodies white, and are taught how to become young warriors. At the end of this stage, they have their heads shaved and they are also circumcised. At the second stage, the young warriors grow their hair long and live in a camp called a “manyatta” where they practice hunting the wild animals that might attack the Maasai herds. This stage may last a few years. When they are ready, they will marry and become owners of large cattle herds like their fathers. The girls are initiated when they are fourteen or fifteen. They are taught by the older women about the duties of marriage and how to care for babies. Soon after that they are married and lead a life similar to that of their mothers.
Question 30: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Celebrations in Africa. B. Birthday ceremonies for children in Africa.
C. Traditions of Maasai people when having a new baby. D. Activities in a birth celebration.
Question 31: Where do people in Kenya give the name to the child?
A. at the village church B. on the cattle farm C. at their house D. near the thorn fence
Question 32: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. An eight-day-old child will be taken for the first walk by his or her mother.
B. Children have to learn their tribes' cultures and traditions when they are old enough.
C. Children are initiated for a mature life in the presence of their friends and family.
D. Children have to overcome a few trials to enter the grown-up world.
Question 33: The word "undergo" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______________.
A. commence B. experience C. participate in D. explore
Question 34: What does the word "they" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. the Maasai herds B. the wild animals C. the young warriors D. the cattle owners
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
What picture do you have of the future? Will life in the future be better, worse or the same as now? What do you hope about the future?
Futurologists predict that life will probably be very different in 2050 in all the fields, from entertainment to technology. First of all, it seems that TV channels will have disappeared. Instead, people will choose a program from a 'menu' and a computer will send the program directly to the television. Today, we can use the World Wide Web to read newspaper stories and see pictures on a computer thousands of kilometers away. By 2050, music, films, programs, newspapers and books will come to us by computer.
In what concerns the environment, water will have become one of our most serious problems. In many places, agriculture is changing and farmers are growing fruit and vegetables to export. This uses a lot of water. Demand for water will increase ten times between now and 2050 and there could be serious shortages. Some futurologists predict that water could be the cause of war if we don't act now.
In transport, cars running on new, clean fuels will have computers to control the speed and there won't be any accidents. Today, many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination. On the other hand, space planes will take people halfway around the world in two hours. Nowadays, the United States Shuttle can go into space and land on Earth again. By 2050, space planes will fly all over the world and people will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just two hours.
In the domain of technology, robots will have replaced people in factories. Many factories already use robots. Big companies prefer robots - they do not ask for pay rises or go on strike, and they work 24 hours a day. By 2050, we will see robots everywhere - in factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops and homes.
Last but not least, medicine technology will have conquered many diseases. Today, there are electronic devices that connect directly to the brain to help people hear. By 2050, we will be able to help blind and deaf people see and hear again. Scientists have discovered how to control genes. They have already produced clones of animals. By 2050, scientists will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look, how they behave and how much intelligence they have.
Question 35: The passage mainly discusses ________________.
A. The effect of the futurologists' prediction on our lives. B. The effect of telecommunication on our future life.
C. The changes in our future life compared with our life today. D. The importance of cloning in the future.
Question 36: What can be inferred about the life in 2050 according to the passage?
A. Life in 2050 will be much better than that of today.
B. TV will be an indispensable means of communication and business.
C. People will not suffer from the shortage of water due to the polar melting.
D. The deaf will not have to depend any longer on the electronic hearing devices.
Question 37: We can conclude from the passage that in 2050 ________________.
A. People will be able to travel around the world in two hours.
B. Fewer cars will be used to keep the environment green and clean.
C. No one will be injured or die because of accidents.
D. Space planes will take the place of cars as a means of transport.
Question 38: The word "This" in paragraph 3 refers to __________________.
A. the possible war. B. the cash crop planting.
C. the serious shortage. D. the demand for water.
Question 39: What is the author's attitude in paragraph 3?
A. concerned B. explanatory C. outraged D. emotional
Question 40: Why does the author use "prefer robots" in paragraph 5?
A. To show the importance of robots in production. B. To encourage the workers to resign from work.
C. To compare the robots with the workers. D. To emphasize the scientist's role in inventing robots.
Question 41: The word "conquered" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______________.
A. controlled B. diagnosed C. transmitted D. caused
Question 42: What may NOT be true about life in 2050?
A. Many forms of entertainment will come to us thanks to computer.
B. Blind and deaf people will be helped by scientists to see and hear again.
C. Scientists will be able to produce clones of people and decide how intelligent they are.
D. Our sources of water for agriculture will increase ten times.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 43: My brother is enough young to get a scholarship from the government.
A B C D
Question 44: Laura expected to give her mother a hand in housework at the weekend, but she did nothing.
A B C D
Question 45: It’s less expensive to buy a computer part by part; you can save a few hundred dollars all together.
A B C D
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 46: The living room isn’t as big as the kitchen
A. The living room is bigger than the kitchen. B. The kitchen is smaller than the living room.
C. The kitchen is bigger than the living room. D. The kitchen is not bigger than the living room.
Question 47: “Why don’t you complain to the company, John?” said Peter.
A. Peter asked John why he doesn’t complain to the company. B. Peter advised John complaining to the company.
C. Peter suggested John to complain to the company. D. Peter suggested that John should complain to the company.
Question 48: I’m sure it wasn’t Mr. Park you saw at the conference because he is in Seoul now.
A. It can’t have been Mr. Park you saw at the conference because he is in Seoul now.
B. It couldn’t be Mr. Park you saw at the conference because he is in Seoul now.
C. It mustn’t have been Mr. Park you saw at the conference because he is in Seoul now.
D. It mightn’t be Mr. Park you saw at the conference because he is in Seoul now.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 49: Susan didn’t apply for the summer job in the café. She now regrets it.
A. Susan wishes that she applied for the summer job in the café.
B. Susan feels regret because she didn’t apply for the summer job in the café.
C. If only Susan didn’t apply for the summer job in the café.
D. Susan wishes that she had applied for the summer job in the café.
Question 50: The Prime Minister failed to explain the cause of the economic crisis, he did not offer any solutions.
A. Although the Prime Minister explained the cause of the economic crisis, he failed to offer any solutions.
B. Not only did the Prime Minister explain the cause of the economic crisis, but he also offered solutions.
C. The Prime Minister offered some solutions based on the explanation of the cause of the economic crisis.
D. The Prime Minister didn’t explain the cause of the economic crisis, nor did he offer any solutions.
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TRƯỜNG THPT LÊ TRUNG KIÊN
TỔ: NGOẠI NGỮ
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ĐỀ CƯƠNG
ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA MÔN TIẾNG ANH
(Lưu hành nội bộ)
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Năm học 2019-2020
Năm học: 2017-2018
Mã đề: 123
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
BE + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE
S + am / is/ are + Past Participle
S + was / were + Past Participle
S + have/ has been + Past Participle
S + will be + Past Participle
S + Modal Verb + be + Past Participle.
S + am / is / are +being + Past Participle
S + was / were + being + Past Participle
S + V + O
S + V + O + C
S + V + O + A
S + V + O + O
S + V + Oi + that clause.
S (Oi) + be past participle + that clause.
S + V + that + clause.
Active: V + O + Adjunct
Passive: Let +O + be past participle + Adjunct.
S + am/ is/ are + to be + past participle
HoÆc S should be + past participle
S + V + O + Ving
S + V + O ( to) + V
S + V + O + to + V
S + V + O + V( without to)
Have / get something done. ( dạng nhờ bảo ).
Active : S + have + Object( person) + bare infinitive + Object.
Passive : S + have + Object ( thing) + Past Participle (+ by + Object( person))
Active: S + get + O (person) + to infinitive + O ( thing)
Passive : S + get + O (thing) + Past participle (+by + O(person))
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