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CHAPTER 19 PRACTICE TESTThe extracellular fluid compartment is composed of ______________________________The largest volume of water is in this fluid compartment __________________________In general, an obese person has _______________ water per pound of body weight than a slim personIn general, a man has _______________ water per pound of body weight than a womanIn general, an infant has __________________ water per pound of body weight than an adult maleThe body’s chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is that of adjusting its _________________The body has three sources of fluid intake: the liquids we drink, the water we eat, and ___________________________The four organs from which fluid output occurs are the:___________________________Urine volume is regulated by the three hormones: ADH released from the pituitary gland, ________________________________________________________________________When electrolytes dissociate in water, they form charged particles called _____________The most abundant negatively charged particle in the blood is ______________________The most abundant positively charged particle in the blood is ______________________When the blood level of aldosterone increases:Sodium is moved from the blood to the kidney tubules Sodium is moved from the kidney tubules to the bloodSodium is moved from the kidney tubules to the bloodANH is releasedAldosterone causes:An increase in intracellular fluidA decrease in intracellular fluidAn increase in extracellular fluidA decrease in extracellular fluidIncreased capillary pressure:Moves fluid from the intracellular to the extracellular compartmentMoves fluid from the plasma to the interstitial fluidMoves fluid from the interstitial fluid to the plasmaHas no effect on fluid movementBlood plasma proteins act to:Move interstitial fluid into the plasmaMove plasma into the interstitial fluidMove extracellular fluid into the intracellular fluidMove interstitial fluid into the extracellular fluid Which one of the following is a positively charged ion?SodiumChloridePhosphateBicarbonate Which one of the following is a negatively charged ion?SodiumPotassiumCalciumChlorideIf the blood sodium concentration increases, then blood volume will:IncreaseDecreaseRemain the sameNon e of the aboveThe smallest amount of water comes from:Water in food that are eaten Ingested liquidsWater formed from catabolismNone of the above The greatest amount of water lost from the body comes from:LungsSkin, by diffusionSkin, by sweatFecesKidneysWhich one of the following is the most important factor in determining urine volume?The concentration of electrolytes in the extracellular fluidThe capillary blood pressureThe concentration of proteins in bloodThe rate of water and salt reabsorption from the renal tubulesThe type of fluid output that changes the most is:Water loss in the fecesWater loss across the skinWater loss via the lungsWater loss in the urineNone of the aboveWhich of the following is not correct?Fluid output must equal fluid intakeADH controls salt reabsorption in the kidneyWater follows sodiumRenal tubule regulation of salt and water is the most important in determining urine volumeDiuretics work on all of the following except the:Proximal tubuleHenle loopDistal tubuleCollecting ductOf all the sodium-containing secretions, the one with the largest volume is:SalivaGastric secretionsBilePancreatic juiceIntestinal secretions The higher the capillary blood pressure, the ________ the amount of interstitial fluidSmaller LargerThere is no relationship between capillary blood pressure and volume of interstitial fluidAn increase in capillary blood pressure will lead to ______ in blood volumeAn increaseA decreaseNo changeNone of the aboveWhich one of the fluid compartments varies the most in volume?IntracellularInterstitial ExtracellularPlasmaWhich one of the following will NOT cause edema?The retention of electrolytes in the interstitial fluidAn increase in capillary blood pressureBurnsA decrease in the concentration of plasma proteinsAll of the above may cause edemaWhich of the following have the most water compared with body weight?InfantsFemales MalesAll of the above have the same percentage of water to body weight Which of the following acts as a mechanism for controlling plasma, IF, & ICF volumes?Regulating fluid outputRegulating fluid intakeExchanging fluids between compartments and place to place within the bodyAll of the aboveWhich of the following statements is true regarding maintenance of fluid homeostasis?The type of fluid output that changes most in urine volumeRenal tubule regulation of salt and water is the most important factor in determining urine volumeThe presence of sodium causes water to moveAll of the above are trueWhich of the following is not a normal portal of exit for water from the body?DiffusionLungsWater formed by catabolismIntestinesThe fluid imbalance that is seen most often is:DehydrationIncreased plasma volumesOverhydrationSunstrokeCongestive heart failure is the most common cause of:OverhydrationEdemaDehydrationDecreased capillary hydrostatic pressureThe kidney acts as the chief regulator of:AldosteroneIngested liquidsPerspirationSodium in body fluidsExcess aldosterone leads to:HypervolemiaHypovolemiaHypertensionHypotension Which of the following is the most abundant body fluid in a young adult male?Intracellular fluidInterstitial fluidPlasmaBlood The average ingested liquid intake per day is:500 mL750 mL1,000 mL1,500 mLMatchGlucoseInside cellsHomeostasisStimulates production of urinePlasmaFluid imbalance Dehydration Overhydration“water-pushing” forceTable saltPositively charged ionsHormoneNegatively charged ionsSubcutaneous swelling in ankles and feet Thirst centers___ extracellular___ intracellular___ nonelectrolyte___ electrolyte___ diuretic___ fluid balance___ edema___ prolonged diarrhea___ rapid IV fluids___ hypothalamus___ capillary blood pressure___ ANH___ anions___ pitting edema___ cations Result of rapidly given intravenous fluids: ______________________________________Result of large loss of body fluids: ____________________________________________Compound that dissociates in solution into ions: _________________________________To break up: _____________________________________________________________A subdivision of extracellular fluid: ____________________________________________Organic substance that doesn't dissociate in solution: ____________________________Dissociated particles of an electrolyte that carry an electrical charge: ________________Fluid outside cells: ________________________________________________________“causing urine”: __________________________________________________________Fluid inside cells: __________________________________________________________52. Substances such as salt that dissolve or break apart in water solution to form electrically charged atoms are called:a. electrolytes.b. nonelectrolytes.c. inorganic molecules.d. extracellular fluid.53. The total body water can be subdivided into the:a. intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments.b. intracellular and extracellular tissue areas.c. intracellular and intercellular fluid compartments.d. intercellular and extracellular fluid compartments.54. Fluid balance can be maintained only if intake equals:a. output.b. input.c. electrolyte concentration.d. water concentration.55. The three sources of fluid intake are:a. liquids, food, and gases.b. liquids, food, and catabolism of food.c. liquids, catabolism of food, and gases.d. gases, food, and catabolism of food.56. Which of the following is not a factor for controlling plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid volumes?a. The concentration of electrolytes in extracellular fluidb. Regulating fluid outputc. Regulating fluid intaked. Exchanging fluids between compartments and from place to place within the body57. This mechanism tends to restore normal extracellular fluid volume when it decreases below normal.a. ADH mechanismb. Osmoreceptorsc. Aldosterone mechanismd. Dissociation58. What is the most important factor in determining urine volume? The rate of water and salt:a. resorption by the renal tubules.b. absorption by the renal tubules.c. resorption by the glomerulus.d. absorption by the glomerulus.59. Organic substances that have the type of bond that does not permit the compound to break up in a solution are called:a. electrolytes.b. nonelectrolytes.c. inorganic molecules.d. extracellular fluids.60. The dissociated parts of an electrolyte are:a. ions.b. blood proteins.c. water molecules.d. hormones.61. Sodium is almost completely reabsorbed in the:a. kidneys.b. small intestine.c. large intestine.d. liver.62. As capillary blood pressure increases:a. less fluid is filtered out of the blood into the IF.b. more fluid is filtered out of the blood into the ECF.c. less fluid is filtered out of the blood into the ECF.d. more fluid is filtered out of the blood into the IF.63. The amount of water that moves out of capillary blood into the IF depends on capillary blood pressure; however, the amount that moves in the opposite direction depends largely on the concentration of:a. salt in blood plasma.b. water in blood plasma.c. proteins in blood plasma.d. lipids in blood plasma.64. A substance that promotes or stimulates the production of urine is a(n):a. electrolyte.b. ion.c. diuretic.d. antidiuretic.65. The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces of the body is a condition called:a. diuresis.b. dehydration.c. edema.d. dissociation.66. The danger of giving intravenous fluids too rapidly or in too large amounts may lead to:a. dehydration.b. overhydration.c. a heavy burden on the heart.d. overhydration and a heavy burden on the heart.ANSWERSInterstitial fluid, plasma, transcellular fluidIntracellular fluidLessmoremorefluid outputwater from catabolismkidneys, skin, lungs, intestinesaldosterone, atrial natriuretic hormoneionschloridesodiumBCBAADACEDDBDEBBBEADDCABDAADE,B,A,J,D,C,F,G,H,O,I,L,M,N,KOverhydrationDehydrationElectrolyteDissociateInterstitial fluidNonelectrolyteIonsECFDiureticICFAAABACABACDCCCD ................
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