Stepek AP Human Geography
AP Human Geography Unit 3b: Religion Guided Reading Mr. Stepek
Define (Rubenstein p 168 – 171):
1. What is the basic difference between a universalizing religion and an ethnic religion? _________________________
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a. (look up) What is a “proselytic” religion? What does it mean to “proselytize”? ____________________________
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2. Describe the general (detail with reference to particular religions to follow later) differences between Universalizing and Ethnic Religions in these areas (pages refer to the Rubenstein text):
| |Universalizing |Ethnic |
|Holy Places | | |
|(p. 185, 187) | | |
| | | |
| |What is a pilgrimage? |
|The Calendar | | |
|(p. 188, 190) | | |
|Cosmogony | | |
|(p. 188) What is it | | |
|concerned with? | | |
|Diffusion (p. 181) |To what extent have universalizing religions diffused from their | |
| |hearths? | |
3. What are the three main universalizing religions (rank by total adherents) (p 171 Rubenstein)?
#1. _________________________ #2. ____________________________ #3. ______________________
a. (de Blij p. 205) How is the cultural landscape marked by religion in obvious ways? _________________________
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b. How do we see it reflected in less than obvious ways? ________________________________________________
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c. (de Blij p. 208) Besides universalizing vs. ethnic, in what ways can religions be classified/differentiated? List and define. ______________________________________________________________________________________
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i. What do some religious scholars believe is the foundation for monotheism (not Judaism)? __________________
4. (de Blij p 209) Why must all maps of religious distribution be taken with caution (include examples)?
a. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
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b. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
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|Christianity (begin Rubenstein p. 171) |
|# of global adherents |Ex. of denominations |Create circle graph (proportion of Christians in to each branch on p 171) |
|Major |Roman Catholic |N/A: highly centralized and | |
|Branch| |hierarchical (see below) | |
|es | | | |
| | |From chart p 173 | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | |14 self-governing “national” churches | |
| | |incl. Russian, Greek, Romanian, Serbian| |
| | |Orthodox, etc. | |
| |Other |Coptics, Armenians | |
| | |Maronites, Mormons (?) | |
| | |Jehovah’s Witnesses | |
|Administration of Space (p. 194 – 195) (note Roman Catholic hierarchy |Calendar (p. 190) When do Christians commemorate the resurrection? |
|and Protestant branches with “autonomy”) |What date is associated with the birth of Jesus? |
| |(lecture) Even though it is a universalizing religion, why do some Christian holidays seem |
| |to correspond to the agricultural cycle? |
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|Places of Worship (p. 191) In what type of building do Christians |Disposal of the Dead (p. 192) What is the most common way that Christians dispose of their |
|congregate? |dead? |
|See below for “effect on built landscape” for church architecture. | |
|Effect on “Built Landscape” (lecture) |
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|Islam (start at page 173) |
|# of global adherents:|% of Muslim |Where found (see map p |Define Islam: |
| | |174) |Define Muslim: |
| | | |Five pillars of the Islamic faith (see de Blij p 220 to help summarize)? |
| | | |1. |
| | | |2. |
| | | |3. |
| | | |4. |
| | | |5. |
|Major | | |Most Muslim countries | |
|Branch| | |are predominantly Sunni | |
|es | | |except in those areas | |
| | | |listed as Shiite below. | |
| | | |Where majority? | |
|Islam (continued) (origin and diffusion covered in a separate assignment) |
|Holy Places (p. 186, 180) |Calendar (p. 190) |
|1. | |
|2. |Why would you rather observe Ramadan in winter than summer (lecture)? |
| | |
|3. Jerusalem (lecture). | |
|Places of Worship (p. 191) |Disposal of the Dead (p. 192) |
| | |
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|Administration of Space (p. 195) |
|Effect on “Built Landscape” (lecture) |
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|Buddhism (start at p 175, pages refer to Rubenstein unless otherwise noted) |
|What is syncretism (look up)? |
|# of global adherents: | % |Synonyms? Where found (de Blij p 213)? Differences in belief (R p 180 – 181)? |
|Major | | | |
|Branches/S| | | |
|ects | | |(lecture) How do they view Buddha? |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | |(lecture) How do they view Buddha? |
| |Tantrayana, Lamaism, Vajrayana, | | |
| |Tibetan | | |
| |Zen (part of Mahayana) | |Where? _____________ Syncretic w/what animistic religion? ____________ |
|Summarize the geographic origin and diffusion of Buddhism (de Blij p 213, Rubenstein p 180, 183 – 184). |
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|To what extent is Buddhism still practiced in India (de Blij p 213)? |
|Ask Mr. Stepek why (lecture)! |
|Holy Places (Rubenstein p. 185 – 186, list top four) |Calendar (R p. 190) What three events are celebrated? |
|Places of Worship (p. 192) |Disposal of the Dead (p. 192 - 193) Include problems with Chinese burial practices. |
| | |
| | |
|Stupas (p. 227) |Tibetan Buddhists practice what? |
|Effect on “Built Landscape” (p 227, lecture) |
5. Describe the two other significant universalizing religions (pages refer to Rubenstein, unless otherwise noted):
| |Sikhism |Baha’i |
|Adherents (p. 176) | | |
|Origin (p. 181) | | |
|Distribution/Diffusion (p. 176, | | |
|184) | | |
|Calendar (p. 190) | | |
|Houses of Worship | | |
|(lecture) | | |
|Main idea (p. 176, de Blij p. | | |
|212) | | |
|(incl. prophet/founder etc.) | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |How is Sikhism seen as a compromise? | |
| | | |
ETHNIC RELIGIONS:
|Hinduism (begin p 176) (pages refer to Rubenstein unless otherwise noted) |
|# of global adherents: |% of total |Countries where found? |Hindu approach to religious orthodoxy (p 177): |
|Global rank: |Hindus | | |
| | | | |
|Major | | | | |
|Manifestati|God: | | | |
|ons | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | |Island (de Blij 212)? | |
| | | | |Origin and diffusion and current distribution (p 181, de Blij 209 - 212) |
| |God: | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | |How and where did British imperialism affect the presence of Hinduism outside|
| | | | |South Asia (de Blij 209 - 212)? |
| | | | | |
| |God: | | | |
|Holy Places (p 187, de Blij Figure 7.22) | |
| | |
| | |
|Places of Worship (p 191) | |
|Disposal of the Dead (p 192) | |
|Effect on “Built Landscape” (de Blij p 227 – 229, lecture) |
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6. Other Ethnic Religions (Rubenstein p 177 – 178):
| |# |Founder |Basic ideas (p 177 – 178, de Blij p 214 – 215) |
|Confucianism |Several hundred| | |Yin/Yang (p 188) |
| |million often | | | |
| |syncretic with | | | |
| |Buddhism | | | |
|Daoism (Taoism) | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | |What is Feng Shui (de Blij p 214)? | |
| | | | | |
|Shintoism (Rubenstein| | | |
|p 178, 184, de Blij p| | | |
|214) | | | |
|Ethnic African | |Define animism. |
|Religions (p 178) | | |
| | |What has contributed to the recent decline in the number of adherents to Ethnic African religions? |
| | | |
| | |Define an “indigenous” religion (de Blij p 222) |
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| | |Define Shamanism (de Blij p 222) |
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| | |Based on the map on page 210 describe where Traditional and Shamanist religions are still in the MAJORITY. |
7. What is the solstice?_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________ a. What prehistorical religious shrine (?) is aligned with the solstice emphasizing its importance in some ethnic religions? _________________________________
|Judaism (begin Rubenstein p. 178) |
|Total # |Current Distribution (#, location and % of Jewish people and where clustered?) |
|How is Judaism connected to | |
|Christianity and Islam? | |
|Fundamental beliefs | |
| | |
|Calendar (p. 189) | |
| |Why are Jewish holiest days in the autumn? |
|Diffusion (p. 185) |How does its distribution differ from other ethnic religions? Why? |
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| |What was the result? |
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| |What happened to the European Jews in the mid-20th century? |
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8. Religious Conflict (begin on Rubenstein p 195 and briefly summarize the examples given for each type of conflict connected to religion. Whose fighting over what? Use the de Blij where specifically indicated)
|Religion vs. |Summarize examples |
| |Taliban vs. western values: |
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|Social Change | |
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| |Hinduism vs. social equality: |
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| |How does Hindu religious believe hinder social mobility (lecture)? |
| | |
| |de Blij p |What is secularism? |
| |207 |Where is secularism most prevalent? |
| | |Benefit |How has religion had an effect on society |Detriment |
| | | | |
| |(de Blij p. 223) What has the French government done recently to protect its version of secularism? |
|Commun-ism |Orthodox Christianity/Islam vs. Soviet Union (read d Blij p. 203 – 205 as well) |
|Religion vs. |Differentiate between interfaith and intrafaith boundaries (de Blij p 235 – 236) |
|Religion | |
|Define | |
|fundamentalism (R | |
|p 197): | |
| | |
| |Northern Ireland (read both Rubenstein p and de Blij 242 – 244) Summarize combatants/issues. |
| |We will be handling the Arab-Israeli Conflict through a separate assignment |
| |Nigeria (de Blij p 237 – 240) |
| | |
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| |The Former Yugoslavia (de Blij p 240 - 241). Summarize ethnic/religious divisions and what happened in Bosnia. |
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| |Sunni vs. Shia conflict (we will have a separate lesson on this in class) |
| |Jerusalem (de Blij 226 – 227) Describe how the city is holy to three religions. |
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