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Round 3Middle Grades – 2016-17 Governor’s Cup Practice QuestionsThese princes ruled over the wealthy city-states of ancient India. After more than 200 years of invasions by the Persians and Greeks, the Indian emperor Chandragupta Maurya [chan-druh-GOOP-tuh MAO-ree-uh] finally conquered and replaced all these Indian monarchs around 300 B.C. What are these kings or princes of India?RAJAHS [Accept: MAHARAJAHS]A Punnett Square will show this genetic constitution's probabilities. It is the combination of alleles in regard to corresponding chromosomes, which determines specific traits. What word refers an organism's genetic makeup, not to be confused with the physical characteristics that result from it?GENOTYPE [JEE-nuh-type] A set of data has a standard deviation of 7. If each number in the set is increased by 4, what is the standard deviation of the new set? 7 An example of this sentence structure is, "After recovering from an injury, Brooke trained even harder for the triathlon." What kind of sentence requires at least one dependent clause, in addition to its single independent clause? COMPLEX (SENTENCE) If this musical element must be changed quickly or slowly, the composer uses the terms "molto" and "poco a poco," respectively. Which musical element is indicated by the words "diminuendo" and "pianissimo"? DYNAMICS This politician, who restored the Conservatives to power after a decade of Labour rule, led Britain's first coalition in 65 years. He succeeded Gordon Brown in 2010 before relinquishing his position to Theresa May. Who is this former British prime minister, who resigned in 2016 in the wake of the country's vote to leave the European Union?(DAVID) CAMERON This writer's latest novel, Goodbye Stranger, follows three girls--Bridge, Emily, and Tabitha--who rely on their friendship to survive seventh grade. She's published First Light and Liar & Spy, as well as her Newbery-winning story of Miranda's encounters with the mysterious "laughing man." Identify the author of When You Reach Me.(REBECCA) STEAD Three-word answer required. This piece of equipment was part of a household object for many decades. It consists in part of an electron gun, anodes, deflecting coils, and a phosphor-coated screen. What specialized vacuum tube produced the images in early television sets, and is abbreviated CRT?CATHODE RAY TUBE Today this tall, annual grass has a stout, erect, solid stem with large narrow leaves, and produces an edible grain. It was introduced to Europe by early explorers who learned about it from the Native Americans. Identify this plant, which was probably domesticated in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago.MAIZE (Accept: CORN or INDIAN CORN)What number is 42 percent of 200? 84 This King of Persia, considered the greatest of the Achaemenian [a-kuh-MEEN-yun] kings, extended the empire in all directions, making it the largest in the world. Needing to organize the expansive empire, he improved travel and trade by building a canal in Egypt linking the Red Sea and the Nile River and by starting a courier system to improve communication with people a thousand miles from Persepolis [pur-SEP-uh-l Who was this great king?DARIUS [duh-RYE-us] (THE FIRST) Along with soil, excrement, and saliva, this complex carbohydrate composes termite mounds. It is composed of long, unbranched chains of glucose units. Identify this polysaccharide [pol-ee-SAK-uh-ride] used to make rayon, film, and paper--the main building block of plant cell walls.CELLULOSE Correct all grammatical errors in the following sentence: Let her alone and go lay down on the bed! CHANGE "LET" TO "LEAVE," CHANGE "LAY" TO "LIE" (EITHER ORDER) (Accept equivalents)Find the length in feet of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs measuring 3 feet and 6 feet. 3 RADICAL 5 (FEET) (Accept: 3 (TIMES) (THE) SQUARE ROOT OF 5)In 1992, this man graced Barcelona's Olympic Pavilion with a giant sculpture of a goldfish. China's Opus Hong Kong Tower became his first residential building in Asia, but much of his notable work is located on the United States' West Coast. Identify the architect of Seattle's Experience Music Project and L. A.'s Walt Disney Concert Hall.(FRANK) GEHRY In cubic units and in terms of pi, what is the volume of a cylinder with a radius of 5 units and a height of 4 units? 100 PI (CUBIC UNITS) Although these structures also performed the function their name suggested, 11 of them carried sewage away from ancient Rome, which controlled the spread of diseases. They used gravity, above-ground stone arches and underground pipes made of stone or clay to transport water from up to 57 miles away. What were these remarkable ancient Roman waterway systems, some of which are still in use today?AQUEDUCTS He celebrated early American life in "The Village Blacksmith," and described Acadian displacement in Evangeline. Minnehaha and Nokomis are two important figures in his Native American epic, The Song of Hiawatha. Identify this poet, perhaps best remembered for "Paul Revere's Ride."(HENRY WADSWORTH) LONGFELLOW Human activities such as farming, construction, logging, and mining can speed up this otherwise natural movement process. Wind, water, ice, and gravity are its usual causes. What is the gradual wearing away of land surface by weathering, in which the rocks and sediments are picked up and moved to another place?EROSION In this musical, Will Parker sings of "Kansas City" as Ado [AY-doh] Annie proclaims herself a girl who "Cain't Say No." Jud Fry competes with cowboy Curly McLain for the love of innocent farm girl Laurey Williams. Name this first collaboration of Rodgers and Hammerstein, whose title song talks about a "brand new state … where the wind comes sweeping down the plain."OKLAHOMA! Australia is the world’s leading producer of this opaque mineral ore, which is formed by the thorough weathering of many different rocks. Although it is a non-renewable resource, reserves of this mineral ore are abundant, enough for more than 100 years of production. What is this natural resource, used in the production of aluminum?BAUXITE He delivered his most notable address in 1939, less than two years before his death. He acknowledged the "bad break" he had been given, but assured his audience that fans, friends, colleagues, and family had given him "an awful lot to live for." Who was the "Iron Horse," a New York Yankee who succumbed to ALS?(LOU) GEHRIG In feet, find the perimeter of a regular octagon with sides measuring 17 feet each. 136 (FEET) In this painting, rebels cover their eyes as lifeless bodies litter the ground. French soldiers point their rifles at the central figure, a peasant whose outstretched arms and sorrowful expression make him a Christ figure. Identify this painting, subtitled The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid, by Francisco de Goya.(THE) THIRD OF MAY 1808 Paricutin [pah-REE-coo-TEEN], one of the world's natural seven wonders, is this type of volcano. Typically tens to hundreds of meters tall, they accumulate glassy fragments sourced from a volcanic vent. Identify these relatively small volcanoes, which tend to spray melted rock fragments into the air.CINDER CONE (VOLCANO) (Accept: SCORIA CONE (VOLCANO))Historical figures mentioned in this Sibert Medal-winning book include Soviet spy Harry Gold; Capt. Paul Tibbets, commander of the Enola Gay; and scientist Robert Oppenheimer. Norway's sabotage of Germany's heavy-water production, the establishment of the Uranium Committee, and the origins of the Red Scare are a few of its key plot points. What story of The Race to Build — and Steal — the World's Most Dangerous Weapon was written by Steve Sheinkin [SHANK-in]?BOMB In how many ways can the letters of the word "mummy," M-U-M-M-Y, be rearranged? 20 John Rolfe's experiments with this plant made it more palatable. His efforts produced a lucrative cash crop that soon became the main crop in the colony. What is this plant that can be smoked, chewed or sniffed?TOBACCO Musical genres that do not fall into this category include soul, hip hop, grunge, and reggae. Oratorios, cantatas and spirituals, however, are all part of it. Give the term for music that serves a religious purpose.SACRED (MUSIC) (Accept: CHURCH and other equivalents)The earliest vertebrate fossils are from this animal class. The group consists of primitive jawless fish. Identify this class beginning with "A," whose prominent members include hagfish and lampreys.AGNATHA Julie draws a pentagon, a heptagon, and a dodecagon. What is the total number of sides in the figures Julie draws? 24 Many members of this conjunction category are also correlative, depending on context. They connect two words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal grammatical weight. What type of conjunction is "and"?COORDINATING (CONJUNCTION) Nearly one-fifth of the fresh water flowing into the world’s oceans comes from this river. With its source in the Andes Mountains, the river has more than 200 tributaries -- more than any other river in the world. Name this South American river, the second longest in the world.AMAZON (RIVER) Some scholars deem this painting's central figure goodwill, which separates material and spiritual values from each other. Flora flees Zephyrus, a woman scatters flowers, the Graces dance, and Mercury dissipates clouds as Cupid flies above Venus's head. Give the alternate name for the painting "Allegory of Spring" by Sandro Botticelli [bot-uh-CHEL-ee].(LA) PRIMAVERA This method is spotlighted in The Manchurian Candidate, whose central character is controlled by it. It is a systematic technique that intensively teaches an ideology until it is ingrained in the mind. Identify this manner of indoctrination, where beliefs and attitudes are forcibly changed.BRAINWASH(ING) Let f of x equal two x plus three, and let g of x equal x squared minus five. Evaluate the composite function f of g of 4. 25 One example of this French phrase is Lorelei, who lured German sailors to their shipwreck deaths with her beautiful song. What phrase refers to a woman whose attractiveness leads men into difficult situations? FEMME FATALE [fem fah-TAHL] Some scholars credit this ancient Greek region with inventing both writing and coins. The site of the city of Knossos [NOS-uhs], this Mediterranean island prospered during the Minoan period. Identify this island, which housed the mythological Labyrinth, and prompted the flight of Daedalus [DED-uh-lus] and Icarus.CRETE The sixth of these musical works, in which violas replace violins as the highest-pitched string instruments, includes a viola da gamba part written for Prince Leopold. Presented to Christian Ludwig, King Frederick of Prussia's younger brother, they were written for a group of soloists set against a small orchestra. Give the title of this collection of works by Johann Sebastian Bach.(THE) BRANDENBURG CONCERTOS This part of the brain accounts for 10 percent of the brain's volume, but contains half of the brain's neurons. From the Latin for "little brain," it is located behind the top part of the stem. What part of the brain is responsible for balance, posture, equilibrium, and the coordination of voluntary movements?CEREBELLUM End of First Half – Begin Three-Minute Inquiry PeriodRound 3 - Second HalfMiddle Grades – 2016-17 Governor’s Cup Practice QuestionsMultiple answers required. Find both solutions for x if the absolute value of the quantity (x + 3) equals 10. (X =) 7, -13 (IN EITHER ORDER) One of this writer's short stories introduces a stranger who exposes a fictional town's greed and hypocrisy. Another sees Jim Smiley lose a bet that his pet, Dan'l Webster, can outperform another man's amphibian. Who wrote "The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg" and "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County"?(MARK) TWAIN This amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed as a result of the confusion that resulted in the 1800 presidential election. As a result of this amendment, the members of the Electoral College would cast separate ballots for president and vice president. Identify this amendment, which was the second passed following the Bill of Rights.TWELFTH (AMENDMENT) This athlete ranks second in number of Olympic swimming medals -- with 12 -- placing him just behind Michael Phelps. He earned a gold medal in the men's 4-by-200 meter freestyle relay at the 2016 Olympics, but was subsequently suspended from USA swimming for 10 months. Who falsely reported a robbery after damaging a Rio gas station with three of his USA teammates?(RYAN) LOCHTE [LOCK-tee] This science is also called hydroponics and mariculture. It deals in the cultivation of plants and animals in controlled marine environments. Identify the practice of raising fish, shellfish, and plants for food purposes?AQUACULTURE Point P lies at eight, comma negative three. Point Q lies at five, comma six. What is the Y-intercept of the line P-Q?21 Some legends claim that this man engaged in a religious debate with the hero Oisin [uh-SHEEN] shortly before his death. His walking stick supposedly sprouted roots, becoming an ash tree, and he used the shamrock to evangelize the Celts. Which Catholic saint allegedly drove the snakes out of Ireland?(SAINT) PATRICK This bay formed around 10,000 years ago when melting glaciers flooded the Susquehanna River Valley. It has been disputed that the name in the Algonquian tongue means great shellfish bay, but there is no disputing that its blue crabs, clams and oysters are world-famous. What is this Maryland bay, the largest estuary in the United States?CHESAPEAKE (BAY) This composer and lyricist based the musical A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum on Ancient Roman comedies. Sunday in the Park with George brings Seurat's masterpiece to life, and several fairy tale characters populate his show Into the Woods. Name this man, who collaborated with Leonard Bernstein on West Side Story.(STEPHEN) SONDHEIM This six-letter word can refer to the asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotes [proh-KAR-ee-oats]. It is a type of number system that only uses the digits zero and one. What number system is also the name for a star system in which two stars orbit around each other?BINARY Subtract the mixed numbers, and express your answer as a mixed number: 6 1/3 - 2 2/3 THREE AND TWO-THIRDSThe Latin root "alt-" appears in words like "alto" and "altitude." Give its English meaning. HIGH This couples dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time dominated aristocratic European ballrooms from about 1650 to 1750. Popular in Louis the Fourteenth's court, it ordered dancers by social position before seeing them dance in a figure eight or z-shaped floor pattern. What is this dance of slow, small steps, whose name comes from the French for "small"?MINUET This economist is in a family of economists, because she's married to Professor George Akerloff, a Nobel Prize winner, and their son teaches economics, as well. She was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and served on the White House Council of Economic Advisors. Who, in 2014, became the first woman to become chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System?(JANET) YELLEN This theory was proposed in On the Origin of Species in 1859. It is any gradual change in the gene pool of a population of organisms. Name the process by which species change through mutation, natural selection, or genetic drift.EVOLUTION (Accept other forms of the word)The square root of x to the 24th power is equal to x raised to what power? 12(TH POWER) This author published nonsense poetry in Father Goose: His Book shortly before beginning his eighteen-novel series. Tik-Tok, Rinkitink, and the Patchwork Girl are less famous than other visitors to, and inhabitants of, the Emerald City. Name the creator of the Tin Woodman, the Cowardly Lion, and the Scarecrow in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.(LYMAN OR L. FRANK) BAUM This dance, which was originally performed to quadrille music, received its own music in 2/4 time in the mid-19th century. Performers stand side by side in a line and hold onto each other's shoulders for stability as they perform the signature movement in unison. Name this dance of high kicks, associated with the full skirts of Parisian dance halls.CANCAN This Germanic people gave their name to the region of northern Italy that borders Switzerland today. They swept into Italy during the sixth century A.D., and ruled there for about two centuries. Name these people, whose rule in Italy came to an end when they were defeated by Charlemagne [SHAHR-luh-meyn].(THE) LOMBARDS This two-word measure is checked using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer [SFIG-moe-muh-NOM-ih-ter]. It is represented by two numbers in a ratio: the first number is systolic, the second number is diastolic. What is the measure of force upon arterial walls, which is called hypertension if it is too high?BLOOD PRESSURE This author used his early encounters with Polynesian tribes to add authenticity to novels like Typee [tie-PEE] and Omoo [oh-MOO]. Stubb, Flask, Queequeg [KWEE-kweg], and Starbuck populate his masterpiece. Who wrote of the Pequod, Captain Ahab, and a white whale in Moby-Dick?(HERMAN) MELVILLE This diameter of this building's rotunda measures 141.7 feet, the exact same as its height. On its portico, eight columns support a pediment, while the interior's marble, bronze, and colored granite house the tombs of Raphael and Italian royalty. Identify this temple-turned-church in Rome, known for its massive concrete dome.PANTHEON This is the number of square meters in a hectare, as well as the number of femtometers in 10 picometers. This is the number of decimeters in one kilometer. What number would also express the number of millimeters in 10 meters?10000 This state was the first to leave the union in December 1860, and joined the Confederacy, which was formed two months later. John C. Calhoun had represented it in the United States Congress. Identify this state, where the Civil War began with the attack on Fort Sumter.SOUTH CAROLINA This type of phase transition occurs in nature during times of cold temperatures. It becomes possible when large amounts of thermal energy are removed from a gas. What process, the opposite of sublimation, involves the transition of gas into a solid, without first becoming a liquid?DEPOSITION (Accept word forms)This French word literally means "untying." It occurs after the falling action in a story's plot. Give this word, which literary critics sometimes use as a synonym of "resolution."DENOUEMENT [day-noo-MAHN] This god, the husband of Camasene [kam-uh-SEE-nee], renamed a river for his son Tiberinus [tye-BEER-uh-nus], who drowned there. His most famous shrine, located on the Forum's north side, was a ceremonial gateway through which Rome's army marched. Identify this double-headed god of doorways and beginnings, who lends his name to the first month of the year.JANUS [JAN-us] This question requires multiple answers. What are the x-intercepts of the graph of the function y = x squared + 2x - 15? (X =) -5, 3 (Accept: (-5, 0) AND (3, 0))This term refers to a combination of two or more independent business corporations into one. This is contrasted with an acquisition, in which one company takes over another and the owning company's stock continues to be traded. What term is used to describe a combination of equals, usually continuing as a third entity?MERGER This type of sound is found at 20 Hertz or below. Whales, elephants, hippos, and rhinos use it for communication. What ultra-low sound waves get their name from being below the normal hearing range of humans?INFRASONIC (Accept: INFRASOUND)This Hindu deity, the master of dance, is depicted with a blue face, a cobra necklace and a third eye. He holds a trident and alternates between asceticism and hedonism as the husband of Parvati [PAHR-vuh-tee]. Which member of the Hindu triumvirate uses his destructive powers for beneficial change?SHIVA [SHEE-vuh] This novelist earned the Margaret A. Edwards Award in part for her novel series consisting of First Test, Page, Squire, and Lady Knight. Alanna: The First Adventure, In the Hand of the Goddess, The Woman Who Rides Like a Man, and Lioness Rampant form another of her fantasy series. Who wrote the Song of the Lioness and the Protector of the Small quartets?(TAMORA) PIERCE This town was the site of three Revolutionary War battles that involved British General Burgoyne [ber-GOIN]. He lost all three battles, and had to surrender his troops in the end. What town was the site of the battles that persuaded the French to recognize American independence?SARATOGA This type of symbiotic relationship can be categorized into obligate and facultative types. Lichen belong to the obligate type, as the fungi and algae cannot survive without one another. Give the term for the type of relationship in with each organism benefits from the other.MUTUALISM Two sequences, one arithmetic and one geometric, both have first terms of four and third terms of sixteen. What is the difference of the values of the second terms of the two sequences? 2 This instrument can be box, popular in the ancient Middle East, or bowl, favored by the ancient Greeks. Regardless of its body shape, it possesses strings that run from a tailpiece to a crossbar attached to its two projecting arms. Name this instrument, which is usually plucked rather than bowed, and was associated with the god Hermes [HER-meez].LYRE This unit is based on a particular angle subtended by the radius of the Earth's orbit. It is equivalent to just over 19 trillion miles, or 3.26 light years. What measure of distance takes its name from the words "parallax" and "second"?PARSEC This word with a diminutive suffix is Spanish for "little donkey." Give the word for a culinary dish consisting of a tortilla folded around meat, beans, or cheese. BURRITO This young Connecticut officer was a hero and martyr in the American cause during the Revolutionary War. He slipped behind British lines to obtain information about General Howe's forces. Name this patriot, who, when he was later captured by the British and hanged at age 21, said, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."(NATHAN) HALE What is the greatest common factor of the numbers 48 and 80? 16 End of Second Half – Begin Three-Minute Inquiry PeriodExtra QuestionsAH-1This Roman deity was frequently identified with Faunus, the god of animals. Worshipers often left offerings for him at sacred groves, parks, villas or gardens. Identify this Roman god of the countryside.SILVANUS [sil-VAY-nus] SC-2To use one of these illustrative grids, write allele combinations along its top and left side. You can then determine the probability of genotype cross production. Name the grid, often a two-by-two or four-by-four matrix, that shows how dominant and recessive genes can determine offspring traits.PUNNETT SQUARE LA-3Turkey's futile military coup resulted in widespread chaos. Spell the word in the preceding sentence that means "a sudden and decisive political action." C-O-U-P SS-4Versions of this North American Indian language family were spoken by such diverse people as the Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Cree and Sauk tribes. It was the most widely distributed in the Northeast United States and Canada at the time European colonization began. Name this language family, whose major speakers included the Narraganset [nar-uh-GAN-sit], Delaware and Shawnee tribes.ALGONQUIAN [al-GAHN-kwee-un] M-5When the following algebraic fractions are subtracted, what is the numerator of the result? 3 over x squared minus 2 over x. 3 - 2X ................
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