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AP LANGUAGE – TYPES OF ESSAYSARGUMENT/RHETORICAL CONSTRUCTION – Students create an evidence-based argument that responds to a given topic.This is where you want to apply CHELPSS to your body paragraphs when you consider what type of evidence to use in your body paragraphsYou may defend/support, challenge/argue against, or qualifySome prompts will ask you to evaluate in which case you are forced to qualifyFollow the basic argumentation organization formation – introduction (hook, context, thesis), body paragraphs, conclusion. Link back to your argument at the end of your body paragraphs and transition between body paragraphs.Often times, it’s best to end with an essay on your strongest piece of evidenceExtend in your conclusion answer the “so what?” question. Why is your topic important? What does the future of this issue look like? Can you pose a solution? SYNTHESIS – Students read several texts about a topic and create an argument that synthesizes at least three of the sources to support their thesis.A synthesis essay is, at its heart, an argument essay. You must enter into a pre-existing conversation about a topic. Often times, this essay will ask you to consider the scope of a problem/issue.AP Judges want to see your own ideas as central to this essay, so avoid using a source as a topic sentence for body paragraphs or as the last line in a body paragraph.When possible, combine multiple sources within a paragraph to show how they relate or respond to one another. You may use the basic organization for an argument essay when applicable. Since you have sources, this is a good place to create a concession & refutation paragraphEmbed quotes properly and cite your sourcesAvoid summarizing the sources. If you begin with your own ideas, you typically can avoid summarizing.RHETORICAL ANALYSIS – Students read a non-fiction text and analyze how the writer's language choices contribute to his or her purpose and intended meaning for the text. You are not defending, challenging, or qualifying here. You’re analyzing. Big ideas are central to a high-level analysis. Your topic sentences for your body paragraphs should establish the strategy, then the paragraph connects the devices to the strategy. Your strategies typically make up the central idea within your thesis. Move chronologically through the piece. ICE your evidence. Try to use at least three embedded quotes within a body paragraph. Choose the most meaningful.THESIS TYPES – Closed The television series?The West Wing?has received plenty of critical acclaim because of its fast-paced, realistic dialogue and its seamless blending of humor and drama. *** Closed thesis-statements tend to be the weakest of the bunch due to their formulaic nature. Counter-Claim/Qualifying thesis The show?The West Wing?has received a great deal of praise for its fast-paced dialogue and its seamless blending of humor and drama; however, that praise is unwarranted because the show appeals to a narrow group of viewers who share a privileged collection of knowledge, and, as a result, serves only to allow those people to feel smug.Open-Ended The West Wing glorifies liberal politics particular to well-educated, upper middle class Americans living in urban centers.The total essay time is 2 hours and 15 minutes. This includes a 15-minute reading period. The reading period is designed to provide students with time to develop thoughtful, well-organized responses. They may begin writing their responses before the reading period is over. *** REMEMBER: This is a language test. You want to have a developed voice and style that is academic but authentic. It is what you say that matters but also how you say it. ................
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