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Ch.1 Section 1What is a Historian?A historian is a person who studies and writes about people and events of the past.What do Historian Do?Find out how people livedWhat happened to those peopleWhat happened around those peopleLook for causes of events and the effects of those eventsWhy we study history?To understand what happened in the pastTo understand what happened to others can help us make sense of current events (things taking place today.)It can also help us predict what might happen in the future so that we can make better decisions about today and tomorrow.Have you ever wonder if you could be a historian?To answer that question you will need to think like a historianAnswer the following questions:How did historians research How did historians write about historyIf you can answer these two questions you are on your way to becoming an historian!How do historians explore the past?Historians use a number of tools to research and collect informationThey use specialized tools to organize information about their subjects-Tools Historians useMeasuring time CalendarsTimelinesHistorian ToolsMeasuring time is a challenge where historians have to determine when events took placeAnswering questions like what events happened first? How far apart in time did events take place?Calendars- are a system of breaking down time into units and keeping track of those units( the dates in our textbook are based on the western calendar)Western Calendar- is a 365 day calendar, the calendar begins at the birth of Jesus- Years before are known as B.C ( Before Christ), years after are called A.D ( Anno Domini) which is Latin for “the year of the lord”.Some people use C.E (Common Era) and B.E.C ( Before Common Era)For dates before B.C. historians count backwards from A.DThere is no “0” yearThe year before A.D. 1 is 1 B.C.To dates events after A.D Historians count forwardThe year 1 A.D is actually A.D. 2Time Lines- Historians are interested in chronologyChronology- is the order in which events happenedAn easy way to keep track of chronology is to use or make timeline look on page 5 in your textbook.Each section represents a period of time, timelines also has labels for events Timeline label appears near the dates on time line when the events took place. Analyzing SourcesPrimary Source- a description or picture of events by someone who actually saw or lived through events.Secondary Source- usually comes from people who were not present at the event.Secondary Sources may use primary sources ( your textbook is a secondary source)When analyzing primary sources ask the five “W’s”Who, Why, What, Where and When.Five “W’s”Who? -who created the primary source?Why? -Why was the source created?What? - What is the source about?Where? - Where was the source created?When? - When was the source created?Charts, Diagrams and GraphsCharts- present facts and numbers in organized way- Tables charts arrange data especially 8numbers in rows and columns for easy reference. Charts allow you to review materials and compare main ideas easily.Diagrams-drawings that show steps is a process, point out the parts of an object or explain how something works.Diagrams are sometimes called ( Infographics)Graphs- present numbers usually so numbers are easier to understandTypes of graphs:Circle Graphs- show how the whole of something is dividedBar Graphs- use bars to compare numbers visually, can also compare items at different points in time.Line Graphs- can show how things change overtime ( rather than showing data just for specific points in time, line graphs show continuous line of data.)Critical Thinking SkillsUnderstanding Cause and Effect- a cause is an action or situation that produces an event.-What happens as a result of a cause is called and Effect-Understanding Cause and Effect means thinking about Why? An event occurred it helps you plan to encourages or prevent the same event in the future.Predicting Consequences-predicting future events is difficult-sometimes you can use causes that led to certain effects in the past to make predictions. Distinguishing Fact from Opinion-To determine validity of sources and to find answers in a text you have to distinguish fact from opinions.-You can check facts using reliable sources to determine whether or not they are accurate.-They can answer specific question such as: what happened? Who did it? Etc…-Opinions are based on values and beliefs they are not true and they are not false.-Opinions often start with phrases like: “I believe” or contain words such as should, ought, best, worst, or greatest.Drawing Inferences and Conclusions-when you make an inference ( you read between the lines)Follow these steps: Read carefully for key facts, ideas, and list themSummarize the informationRecall what you already know about the topicUse your knowledge and insight to develop some inferences and conclusions about the passage.Making Comparisons ( turn to page 11)Look at the questions under making comparisons #1-3Answer the questions using the photos on page 11 ................
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