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SNC 2D Unit#4 Biology
Video 1: What is Cancer?
1) What are 4 main types of Cancer?
- Sarcomas: originate in muscle, fibrous tissue or fat (soft tissue) OR bone and cartilage
- Leukemia: cancer of the blood cells
- Lymphomas: lymphatic system
- Carcinomas: arise in the body’s organs (most common)
2) Where does cancer begin?
- In the body’s cells
o Specific proteins at specific points called CHECKPOINTS control cells activities during division.
o These proteins send messages to the nucleus and the nucleus tells the cell to divide or not!
The cell will remain in interphase if:
- Surrounding cells are signaling NOT to divide
- There is a shortage of nutrients
- Shortage of food
- DNA has not bee replicated or is damaged
Cancer = the CHECKPOINTS have failed
- Uncontrolled, unregulated growth and division occurs
- Cells no longer stay in interphase the normal amount of time
3) What is a benign tumor?
- Mass of cells caused by the uncontrolled growth and division that forms a lump
- Not cancerous
- May cause health problems and can be removed, but normally are not life threatening.
4) What is a malignant tumor?
- Are cancerous
- Interferes with the function of the neighboring cells and tissues
- May destroy surrounding tissues
5) What is a metastasis?
- When cancer cells break away from the original or primary tumor and move elsewhere in the body
- If they settle in another area of the body they can cause a secondary tumor to form
6) How do genes affect the occurrence of cancer?
- Mutations
- Errors in DNA replication
o Cancer cells can occur if a mutation happens in the DNA that controls cell division
o Cells with start to reproduce uncontrollably until all of the nutrients are exhausted
Video 2: Risk factors
1) What % does heredity play in the diagnosis of cancer?
- 10%
- Breast cancer, some forms of colon cancer
- May make you more likely to get cancer, but doesn’t guarantee you will
2) What are some preventable risk factors?
- Sun tanning
- Smoking
- Unhealthy eating
- Little-no exercise
*** Other Environmental factors include:
- Radiation
- Hazardous chemicals (asbestos, benzene)
- Viruses
o HPV, Hepatitis B
3) What are some myths for developing cancer?
- Deodorant
- Microwaves
- It is contagious
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