Chapter 1: Welcome to Ethics
Chapter 1: Welcome to EthicsYou DecideIf you found a wallet containing $50, would it be wrong to keep the money? Why or why not?If you could win at a sport more often by cheating occasionally, would it be wrong to cheat? Why or why not?If a friend got an unflattering haircut, would it be wrong to lie and tell the person that it looked good? Why or why not?If you dropped your cell phone, which you were not supposed to be using, while calling a friend, would it be wrong to lie about how the phone was broken? Why or why not?If you found out that a classmate was selling illegal drugs, would it be wrong to keep quiet about what you learned? Why or why not?Checkpoint 1-1 pg. 6Look back at the seven ethical principles listed at the beginning of this section. Which three do you think are most important?Return to the opening passage on Ed the Entrepreneur and re-examine his operation. Support your critique of it with the three ethical principles you listed in your answer to the last question.Everyone would presumably be in favor of a convenience store at Ed’s location that charged $5 for water and let customers use a phone and rest inside for free. Let’s change the price points for Ed’s services. Circle the amount that is the most you think Ed can ethically charge.$50$500 $5,000$50,000$500,000$5,000,000Are your opinions about Ed’s business shaped most by authority, culture, intuition, reason, or some other source? What makes you say so?Checkpoint 1-2 pg. 8How is the standard of ethics different from the standard of etiquette?What is the difference between the standard of ethics and the standard of law?Provide an example of a time when you had to make a difficult ethical decision. How did the concept of the ethical standard apply to your situation?What Do You Think? pg. 10How, specifically, can Operation Fortitude be justified as a “good lie”? Use ideas from the chapter to support your answer.Speaking generally now, when is making a misrepresentation acceptable? (Check all that apply.) _____ To protect life or the physical safety of people_____ To protect a job._____ To protect another person’s feelings_____ To gain an advantage_____ To get out of trouble_____ When others expect it and may do the same (war, poker, football)What Do You Think? pg. 11Rate Harold’s plan to lie to his bank to secure the $100,000 loan to pay his employees.-15528119236Completely Wrongful Completely Justified0Completely Wrongful Completely Justified1234567Assume a year passes and business picks up for Harold’s company. He repays the loan. No one is laid off or misses a paycheck, and Harold’s lie is never caught. Is your rating the same with the benefit of hindsight? Do the ends at least partially justify the means?-15528119236Completely Wrongful Completely Justified0Completely Wrongful Completely Justified1234567Describe the reasons for your ratings in Questions 3 and 4. Use ideas from the chapter to support your responses.Key Terms and Concepts pg. 12Vocabulary BuilderMatch the following terms to their definitions.501289425484A. authority B. culture C. ethical principlesD. intuition E. legalism F. moralityG. reasonH. relativismI. standard of ethicsJ. standard of etiquetteK. standard of law00A. authority B. culture C. ethical principlesD. intuition E. legalism F. moralityG. reasonH. relativismI. standard of ethicsJ. standard of etiquetteK. standard of law1. FORMTEXT ????? A source of ethical beliefs holding that principles of right and wrong have been built into a person’s conscience.2. FORMTEXT ????? A source of ethical beliefs holding that an action is right or wrong because someone important said so.3. FORMTEXT ????? The belief that because there are laws and policies to cover issues of right and wrong, ethics is irrelevant.4. FORMTEXT ????? The belief that because ethical beliefs vary so widely, there can be no universal ethical principles that apply to everyone.5. FORMTEXT ????? A source of ethical beliefs holding that consistent, logical thinking should be the primary tool used in making ethical decisions.6. FORMTEXT ????? A source of ethical beliefs holding that the morality of an action depends on the beliefs on one’s culture or nation.7. FORMTEXT ????? Refers to rules of behavior imposed on people by governments.8. FORMTEXT ????? Refers to social expectations concerning manners or social graces.9. FORMTEXT ?????Refers to social expectations of people’s moral behavior.10. FORMTEXT ????? Ideas that act as guides for behaving ethically.11. FORMTEXT ????? The part of human conduct that can be evaluated in terms of right or wrong.Review pg. 131. Name three common ethical principles.2. Legalism is the idea that because ethical concepts vary so widely, there can be no universal ethical principles that apply to everyone. TRUE or FALSE3. Describe the four sources of ethical principles discussed in the chapter in your own words.4. If a behavior is evaluated as right or wrong by asking “According to whom?” the standard of _________ is being applied.EtiquetteLawEthicsCritical Thinking pg. 135. Sometimes ethical principles conflict. For example, keeping an old promise might not be the best way to be fair, or being honest might not be the best way to help others. Consider the ethical principles described at the start of this chapter. When you find yourself in situations in which satisfying some principles will mean violating others, how should you proceed?Applications pg. 13-14Ziba works part-time helping to take care of an elderly neighbor, Miss Chura, who suffers from early-state Alzheimer’s disease. She buys Miss Chura’s groceries, drives her to appointments, and sometimes cooks and cleans. Ziba know that Miss Chura has a drawer full of cash in her dresser. She is considering borrowing $100 from the drawer without asking permission. She intends to repay the $100 as soon as she receives her next paycheck.How is the standard of law relevant to Ziba’s plan?How does the standard of ethics apply?List three ethical principles Ziba might consider when she is reasoning about what she should do.7. Terri is applying for a job. The employment application asks for her college grade point average. Terri’s overall GPA was 2.91, but in her major, her GPA was 3.35. She decides to enter the major GPA, and while she is at it, she rounds it up to 3.4.How is the standard of law relevant to Terri’s plan?How does the standard of ethics apply?List three ethical principles Terri might consider when she is reasoning about what she should do.Digging Deeper pg. 14Seven universal ethical principles are listed early in this chapter. Go on-line and enter “universal ethical principles” in a search engine. Find at least two ideas that are not outlined at the beginning of this chapter. Do you find either of your new ideas more useful or compelling than the seven included here? Why or why not?The Bottom Line pg. 149. The one ethical principle that I find most important is . . . 10. The one source of ethical principles that influences me most is . . . Personal Reflection Look at your answers to “You Decide” and consider the following questions.In which part of your life do you face the most ethical problems and decisions? Why do you think that is?What do your answers say about the kind of person you are?How many of your classmates do you think answered the questions the same way you did?What major life experiences have affected your personal ethics the most?Do you see how one moral decision can have several ethical principles behind it? Understanding principles like those –and learning to apply them to different ethical situations and issues –is at the heart of understanding what ethics is about. ................
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