Personality
Personality
Test Tips
Mostly multiple choice and matching on Monday. We will do an activity on Wed and profile a character for a part II.
1. Read/ review Chapter: Study all fact sheets and notes. Any terms in bold are also good to look at. Check out some of the charts in the chapter. They will help you get a visual of the theory.
Remember: There is not on way to describe or interpret personality. The theories all explain certain aspects of personality and apply different approaches to determine what it is. Ex: Psychoanalytic approaches focus more on the inner drives, past experiences and the unconscious in terms of personality. However, the theories differ on this. Karen Horney looked at how parenting influenced personality whereas Freud believed that we had inner unconscious forces that battled within us.
2. Approaches & main theorists chart
Trait- Big Five, Eysenk, Cattell, Allport
Psychoanalytic: Freud (not as much on him as the quiz), Jung, Adler, Horney, Humanistic: Maslow, Rogers
Behavioral/ Social Cog: Watson, Bandura, Skinner
Evolutionary- don’t have to know-
Biological- just know there’s a link between biology and personality.
3. For each approach KNOW:
- Common aspects/ ideas of the approach- for example:
Trait theory- does not consider the biology of where traits come from, just that they exist. All trait theorists agree upon that human have certain ranges of traits
Allport- made 3 categories out of dictionary terms, Cardinal, Central, Secondary
Cattell- has 16 source traits that are important (you took this personality test)
Eysenck- 3 ranges (Extraversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism)
Big Five- OCEAN- 5 ranges, a modern theory
Psycho-analytics deals with the unconscious, past experiences, certain inner conflicts, therapies for getting to the root of these conflicts, dreams etc.
Freud- Id, Ego Superego(Iceberg), development stages (oral anal phallic latent genital) and defense mechanisms (including repression, displacement etc.), free association and couch therapy
Jung- Freud’s close friend, collective unconscious/ archetypes and personal unconscious, Did a lot with dreams, and came up with 4 personality ranges (that later became the Myers Briggs)
Adler- Inferiority and superiority complexes,
Horney- 10 neurotic needs, healthy self ( balanced)and neurotic self( goes between despised and ideal elf), womb envy, can help yourself/don’t need a psychologist
Humanists all believe that humans are innately good and striving for their best (that is a criticism of the theory by the way). Humans are constantly and consciously looking at their experiences and evaluating their circumstances. Free will decisions.
Maslow- Self-actualization, pyramid of needs
Rogers- unconditional and conditional positive regard, and incongruent self
Behavioral- believe that environment and stimulus shape and condition a persona beliefs and behavior. Does not deal with unconscious behavior.
Watson- Baby Albert, classical conditioning
BF skinner- operant conditioning (worked with animals, can reinforce or extinguish behaviors. Skinner Box. He didn’t believe we could do higher order thinking.
Bandura- Social Learning, Bobo Doll experiment, we observe and learn behaviors (model them), and we can affect our environment and it can affect us. We have cognition.
KNOW:
- Aspects of how each theorist differs
For ex: how Freud, Horney, Adler and Jung differ on their beliefs.
- Ex: Eysenck has three ranges of traits whereas Cattell has the 16 pf.,
-Adler believes in inferiority and superiority complexes rooting from childhood, while -Horney believes in Neurotic Needs
-Know a little bit of background on each theorist and how it impacts their theories. For example: Bandura’s most famous experiment was the Bobo Doll Experiment, or Watson’s famous quote” Give me 12 infants….” Or Adler’s childhood sicknesses and how they influenced his own theories or inferiority.
OR that Honey had a crush on her brother and was severely depressed.
- Know advantages and shortcomings of each approach and the theories with them. For example, trait theories do not explain where traits come from and it can place a certain label on humans, but an advantage of trait theory is that is allow us to place people in the proper job preferences,
OR that humanistic theory is hard to scientifically measure, but can explain certain human behaviors very well that all of us can relate to in our own lives.
Jungian theory has become more philosophical and mystical in nature and not scientific.
Watson’s theory does not take into account and biological or physiological influence on behavior.
4. You do NOT have to know:
Types of personality testing from last section including the MMPI, psych tests and the ink blots etc.
5. You DO need to know the different theorists whose indicator test you took. You should complete the linked sheet by the quiz.
6. Sample questions:
______1. Unlike psychodynamic approaches to personality, the learning/ behavioral approach emphasizes
A. latent personality structures.
B. self-actualization processes.
C. the outer person and environment
D. biological traits.
______2. Who would be most likely to say that a person's dishonesty is caused by environmental factors?
A. Skinner
B. Freud
C. Rogers
D. Jung
______3. Bandura’s social cognitive theory of personality stresses the observation of adult behaviors as well as the concept of _____ in the development of a child’s personality?
A. genetics
B. the unconscious
C. conditioning
D. modeling.
_____4. According to Bandura, self-efficacy represents a person’s belief that
A. the environment regulates human behavior.
B. the unconscious id dominates personality.
C. people can master situations and produce positive outcomes.
D. the effects of negative childhood experiences cannot be overcome.
_____6. In Carl Rogers’s humanistic personality theory, anxiety is the outcome of
A. subconscious conflict between the id and the superego.
B. one’s striving for self-actualization.
C. discrepancy between one’s self-concept and actual experiences (Incongruence)
D. disagreement between surface traits and source traits.
7. Helpful terms to study in alphabetical order
Archetypes
Psychoanalysis
Archetypes
Behaviorism
Cardinal, Central, Secondary
Collective unconscious
Compensation
Conditional regard and unconditional regard
Conscious
Defense mechanisms
Despised Self/ Ideal Self
Ego, ID/ Superego
Extraversion/ Introversion
Fixation
Five Factor Model
Hierarchy of Needs
Humanism
Healthy Self/ Neurotic Self
Incongruence (versus congruence)
Inferiority/ Superiority Complex
Modeling/ Observational learning
Neurotic Needs
Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Psychoticism
Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
OCEAN- 5 ranges
Oedipal/Electra Complex
Parental indifference
Personal Unconscious
Positive/ negative reinforcement, extinguish, punishment ( all Skinner)
Self actualization
Self efficacy
Traits
Unconscious
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- personality test to choose major
- who am i personality quiz
- who are you personality quiz
- most accurate personality test
- my personality test
- easy personality test printable
- free printable personality test
- fun personality questions
- who are you personality test
- free personality test
- best free personality test online
- free enneagram personality test online