Chapter 23 Magnetic Flux and Faraday’s Law of Induction

[Pages:41]Chapter 23 Magnetic Flux and Faraday's Law of Induction

23.1 Induced EMF 23.2 Magnetic Flux 23.3 Faraday's Law of Induction 23.4 Lenz's Law 23.5 Mechanical Work and Electrical Energy 23.6 Generators and Motors 23.7 Inductance 23.9 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field 23.10 Transformers

1 Current electricity produces Magnetic fields,

So can

2 Magnetic fields produce electricity?

1 Oersted, 1820 2 Faraday, 1931

Faradays discoveries are the basis of our modern electrical civilization.

Faraday (and Henry) noticed that a MOVING magnet near a wire loop caused a blip on his galvanometer.

Figure 23?1 Magnetic induction

! Basic setup of Faraday's experiment on magnetic induction. When the position of the switch on the primary circuit is changed from open to closed or from closed to open, an emf is induced in the secondary circuit. The induced emf causes a current in the secondary circuit, and the current is detected by the ammeter. If the current in the primary circuit does not change, no matter how large it may be, there is no induced current in the secondary circuit.

Figure 23?2 Induced current produced by a moving magnet

! A coil experiences an induced current when the magnetic field passing through it varies. (a) When the magnet moves toward the coil the current is in one direction. (b) No current is induced while the magnet is held still. (c) When the magnet is pulled away from the coil the current is in the other direction.

Also, changing the shape of a loop in or relative to a magnetic field would cause a blip on an ammeter. Change in the number of field lines through a coil gives a current. Number of field lines through a coil is called magnetic flux

When a loop is moved parallel to a uniform magnetic field, there is no change in the number of field lines passing through the loop and no induced current.

What would happen if the loop was moved vertically?

Figure 23?3 The magnetic flux through a loop

! The magnetic flux through a loop of area A is = BA cos, where is the angle between the normal to the loop and the magnetic field. (a) The loop is perpendicular to the field; hence, = 0, and = BA. (b) The loop is parallel to the field; therefore, = 90? and = 0. (c) For a general angle q the component of the field that is perpendicular to the loop is B cos ; hence, the flux is = BA cos .

MAGNETIC FLUX, = BAcos

Here =0 so cos =1 Units: T.m2 = Wb

Area Vector: Direction is perpendicular to plane. Magnitude is equal to the area of the loop

NO field lines pass through the coil

Max. # field lines pass Max. # field lines pass

through the coil

through the coil

Magnetic Flux is continually changing as coil rotates.

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