Unit Study Guide: Minerals and Rocks Chapters 3,4



VocabularyDirections: Define the terms that you are unfamiliar with. (At least 10 terms must be defined)mineralelementcompoundcrystalsilicate mineralnonsilicate minerallusterstreakcleavagefracturehardnessdensityorereclamationrock cyclerockerosiondepositioncompositiontextureintrusive igneous rockextrusive igneous rockstratastratificationfoliatednonfoliatedLearning Objectives (GPS)Directions: Respond to each one of the learning objectives listed below. Your responses can be written using a combination of complete sentence, lists, bullet points, or illustrations/diagrams. Chapter 3 Section 1Describe the structure of minerals.Describe the two major types of minerals. (silicates and non-silicates)Chapter 3 Section 2Describe 7 ways to determine the identity of a mineral.Explain the “special” properties of a mineral.Chapter 3 Section 3Describe the environments in which minerals pare the two types of mining.Describe two ways that can reduce the environmental impacts of mining. Describe different uses for metallic and non-metallic minerals. Chapter 4 Section 1Describe two ways rocks have been used by humans throughout the course of history.Describe four processes that shape earth’s geographical features.Describe how each type of rock changes into another type as it moves through the rock cycle.List at least two characteristics of rock that are used to classify it. Chapter 4 Section 2Describe three ways that igneous rocks form. Explain how the cooling rate of magma can affect the texture of igneous rock. Distinguish between igneous rock that cools within the earth’s crust and igneous rock that cools on earth’s surface. Chapter 4 Section 3Describe the origin of sedimentary rock.List the three main types of sedimentary rock. Give examples of each.Describe how each type of sedimentary rock forms. Chapter 4 Section 4Describe two ways a rock can undergo metamorphism. Explain how the mineral composition of a rock can change as it goes through metamorphism. Describe the difference between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rock. Explain how metamorphic rock structures are related to deformation. In Addition, complete the pages that follow…NEXT PAGE TAG 6th Grade Earth ScienceChapter 3: Minerals Vocabulary ActivityDigging DeeperAfter you finish reading the chapter, try this puzzle! Look at the clues below, and then write the terms being described in the blanks on the next page. The boxed letters will spell out a new phrase.1.inorganic solid with a crystalline structure found in nature2.shiny luster3.the way a surface reflects light4.the tendency of some minerals to break unevenly5.Mohs scale measures the ________ of a mineral.6.the smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element7.substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means8.the tendency of some minerals to break along flat surfaces9.type of mineral that contains oxygen and silicon10.the ratio of mass to volume of a substance11.solid, geometric forms of minerals produced by a repeating pattern of atoms12.the color of the powdered form of a mineral13.returning the land to its original state after mining14.mineral deposit large enough and pure enough to be mined for profit15.Halides, oxides, and sulfates are examples of ________ minerals.16.takes place when changes in pressure, temperature, or chemical make-up alter a rock17.a piece of unglazed porcelain used to test a mineral’s streak18.A mineral that is made up of only one element is a ________ element.19.a substance made of two or more elements that have been chemically joined20.Minerals like topaz can form in these small, teardrop shaped formations.21.Specific ______ is the ratio of an object’s density to that of water.22.mineral valued for beauty and rarity23.the solidified form of a magma body24.Scientists use this to determine a mineral’s resistance to being scratched.Vocabulary Activity continued25.What is the phrase? DOCVARIABLE "PageNo:0041", PreserveFormatting:=True \* MERGEFORMAT TAG 6th Grade ScienceChapter 4: Rocks ReviewComplete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank.stratificationfoliatedextrusive igneous rocktexture2.The ______________________ of a rock is determined by the sizes, shapes, and positions of the minerals the rock contains.3.______________________metamorphic rock contains minerals that are arranged in plates or bands.4.The most characteristic property of sedimentary rock is ______________________.5.______________________forms plains called lava plateaus.understanding key ideasMultiple Choice6.Sedimentary rock is classified into all of the following main categories excepta.clastic sedimentary rock.b.chemical sedimentary rock.c.nonfoliated sedimentary rock.anic sedimentary rock.7.An igneous rock that cools very slowly has a _____ texture.a.foliatedb.fine-grainedc.nonfoliatedd.coarse-grained DOCVARIABLE "PageNo:0042", PreserveFormatting:=True \* MERGEFORMAT Chapter Review continued8.Igneous rock forms whena.minerals crystallize from a solution.b.sand grains are cemented together.c.magma cools and solidifies.d.mineral grains in a rock recrystallize.9.A _____ is a common structure found in metamorphic rock.a.ripple markc.sillb.foldd.layer10.The process in which sediment is removed from its source and transported is calleda.deposition.c.weathering.b.erosion.d.uplift.11.Mafic rocks area.light-colored rocks rich in calcium, iron, and magnesium.b.dark-colored rocks rich in aluminum, potassium, silica, and sodium.c.light-colored rocks rich in aluminum, potassium, silica, and sodium.d.dark-colored rocks rich in calcium, iron, and magnesium.Short Answer12.Explain how composition and texture are used by scientists to classify rocks.13.Describe two ways a rock can undergo metamorphism.14.Explain why some minerals only occur in metamorphic rocks.15.Describe how each type of rock changes as it moves through the rock cycle.16.Describe two ways rocks were used by early humans and ancient civilizations.critical thinking17.Concept Mapping Use the following terms to construct a concept map: rocks, metamorphic, sedimentary, igneous, foliated, nonfoliated, organic, clastic, chemical, intrusive, and extrusive.18.Making Inferences If you were looking for fossils in the rocks around your home and the rock type that was closest to your home was metamorphic, do you think that you would find many fossils? Explain your answer.19.Applying Concepts Imagine that you want to quarry, or mine, granite. You have all of the equipment, but you have two pieces of land to choose from. One area has a granite batholith underneath it. The other has a granite sill. If both intrusive bodies are at the same depth, which one would be the better choice for you to quarry? Explain your answer.20.Applying Concepts The sedimentary rock coquina is made up of pieces of seashells. Which of the three kinds of sedimentary rock could coquina be? Explain your answer.21.Analyzing Processes If a rock is buried deep inside the Earth, which geological processes cannot change the rock? Explain your answer.Chapter Review continuedinterpreting graphicsThe bar graph below shows the percentage of minerals by mass that compose a sample of granite. Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow.22.Your rock sample is made of four minerals. What percentage of each mineral makes up your sample?23.Both plagioclase and orthoclase are feldspar minerals. What percentage of the minerals in your sample of granite are not feldspar minerals?24.If your rock sample has a mass of 10 g, how many grams of quartz does it contain?25.Use paper, a compass, and a protractor or a computer to make a pie chart. Show the percentage of each of the four minerals your sample of granite contains. (Look in the Appendix of the student edition for help on making a pie chart.) ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download