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Name Class Date 8.3 The Process of PhotosynthesisLesson Objectives2730542545Describe what happens during the light-dependent reactions.Explain what happens during the light-independent reactions.27305425452730529845Identify factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs.The chart below shows key terms from the lesson. Complete the chart by writing the definitions.TermDefinitionATP synthaseFound in the thylakoid membrane, assembles ATP as H+ move from thylakoid space out to the stromaCalvin cycleReactions that occur in the stroma. Carbon dioxide is taken in, energy from the light reactions is also required (ATP and NADPH) and sugars are produced.Electron transport chainFound in the thylakoid membrane, these carriers pass along high energy electrons and eventually pass them to NADPH.PhotosystemCluster of 100s of pigments including chlorophylls and antenna pigments. They convert light energy to chemical energy.-12700146685BUILD UnderstandingFlowchart A flowchart is a way to show the steps in a process. As you read, complete the flowchart to show the steps involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.light-dependent reactionsLight is absorbed by the pigmentsOxygen is made as a waste product from splitting waterWater provides electrons as it is splitThe proton gradient is used to drive ATP synthesisNADPH captures the high energy electronsLight-Dependent and Light-Independent ReactionsPhotosynthesis involves two sets of reactions. The light-dependent reactions need sunlight. They use energy from this sunlight to produce energy-rich compounds, like ATP. The light-independent reactions use these energy-rich compounds to produce sugars from carbon plete the T-chart. Write the phrases in the box that belong in each side of the chart.Use energy from the sunTake place in the stromaUse carbon dioxideTake place in thylakoidsProduce oxygenRequire waterProduce sugarsAlso called Calvin cycleConvert ADP into ATPLight-dependent ReactionsLight-independent ReactionsUse energy from the sunProduce oxygenConvert ADP into ATPTake place in thylakoidsRequire waterUse carbon dioxideProduce sugarsTake place in the stromaAlso called Calvin cycleThe Light-Independent Reactions: Producing SugarsBoth ATP and NADPH are produced by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The Calvin cycle uses the energy in ATP and NADPH to produce high-energy sugars. A model of the Calvin cycle is shown below.Follow the directions.1. Circle the places where ATP and NADPH are used.2. Draw an X over the two 3-carbon molecules that are removed from the cycle to produce sugars, lipids, and other compounds.Calvin Cycle44640569215Sugars and other compoundsAnswer the questions.3. Circle the letter of each statement that is true about the Calvin cycle.A. The main products of the Calvin cycle are six carbon dioxide molecules.B. Carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle from the atmosphere.C. Energy from ATP and high-energy electrons from NADPH are used to convert 3-carbon molecules into higher-energy forms.D. The Calvin cycle uses 6 molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a single 6-carbon sugar molecule.4. Why are the reactions of the Calvin cycle also called the light-independent reactions?Although they use ATP and NADPH from the light reactions, the Calvin cycle does not directly require light.Chapter Vocabulary ReviewCrossword Puzzle Complete the puzzle by entering the term that matches the description.Across4. energy carrier cells use to transport high-energy electrons6. cluster of pigments and proteins that absorbs light7. a saclike photosynthetic membrane found in chloroplasts8. energy carrier made as a result of photosystem II9. process of using the sun’s energy to make food10. man who worked out the light-independent reactionsDown1. liquid part of the inside of a chloroplast2. chemical that absorbs light for photosynthesis3. light-absorbing chemical5. organism that makes its own food655955177800For Questions 11–16, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.11. The light-dependent reactions occur in thylakoid membranes.12. Carbon dioxide is used to make sugars in the light-independent reactions.13. The light-independent reactions are also called the Calvin cycle.14. ATP Synthase spins to provide the energy for adding a phosphate group to ADP.15. Electron transport chains move high-energy electrons between photosystems.16. An animal that obtains food by eating other organisms is called a(n)heterotroph. ................
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