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Richard Montgomery Blair Academic Tournament 2019Head Edited by Emmett LaurieEdited by Abhinav Karthikeyan, Adam Howlett, Anson Berns, Alex Hu, Jakob Boeye, Katherine Lei, Naveen Raman, Olivia Chen, and Vishwa ShanmugamWritten by the members of the Richard Montgomery and Montgomery Blair Quizbowl teams: Alex Constantino, Aries Wang, Chris Tong, Christine Zhu, Derek Chu, Danesh Sivakumar, Daniel Yang, Daniel Zhu, Grant Yang, Jaewoo Chung, Justin Posner, Kevin Lu, Matthew Shu, Michael Xie, Sophia Weng, Shawn Zhao, and Tejas Nazare Tossups1. Examples of these devices that are powerful for their volume are made from thin oxidized layers of tantalum. These devices can smooth the waveform of full-bridge rectifiers by preventing the drop off that occurs when AC switches polarity. They aren’t inductors, but the reactance of these devices helps them function while in parallel with a load in a low-pass filter. These devices’ namesake quantity is equal to (*) charge divided by voltage. Inserting a dielectric between two parallel plates creates one of these devices. The strength of these circuit devices is typically measured in microfarads. For 10 points, name these circuit devices that can hold current for short amounts of time.ANSWER: capacitors <Physics, VS><ed. VS>2. Elliot Aronson’s “Forbidden Toy” experiment analyzed this phenomenon which he believed was more pronounced in people with high self esteem. Merrill Carlsmith tested this phenomenon in the “Induced-Paradigm” experiment in which subjects were paid either 1 or 20 dollars to tell other people that they enjoyed turning a (*) peg for an hour. The work that popularized this concept studied the coping mechanisms of a failed UFO doomsday cult. When Prophecy Fails explores this concept which was first observed by Leon Festinger. For 10 points, name this psychological discomfort that arises when a person tries to reconcile conflicting beliefs.ANSWER: cognitive dissonance <Social Science, JB><ed. AH>3. A peace treaty between this man and Nikephoros I allowed for the de facto independence of Venice. He created a buffer zone known as the “Spanish March” between the Pyrenees and the Ebro River. This man ordered the beheading of 4500 pagans during a thirty-year campaign to convert the (*) Saxons to Christianity in what is now known as the Massacre of Verden. Alcuin of York, a leading scholar of this man’s court in Aachen, spearheaded a “Renaissance” that shares its name with his dynasty. For 10 points, name this Medieval Frankish ruler who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 by Pope Leo III.ANSWER: Charlemagne <European History, AK><ed. AH> 4. In Swidler & Berlin v. United States, this man argued his only case before the Supreme Court as part of the investigation into Vince Foster’s suicide. In 2000, this man served as the pro bono counsel for six-year old Cuban refugee Elian Gonzalez, leading to his hiring as associate White House Counsel to (*) George W. Bush. After a contentious confirmation, this man served as judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit for almost twelve years before the retirement of Justice Anthony Kennedy. For 10 points, name this man, who, in 2018, President Trump nominated to serve as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.ANSWER: Brett Kavanaugh <Current Events, AK><ed. AdH>5. In this film, the main character rigs a game of roulette in order to help a Bulgarian couple. That character in this film hides an object given to him by Ugarte in a piano. After Strasser is killed in this film, a police chief says to “round up the usual suspects”; that scene happens after Victor (*) Laszlo boards the plane to Lisbon. The opening of this film shows the journey of refugees fleeing Europe during World War II. In a scene from this film, the singing of “Die Wacht am Rhein” by German officers is drowned out by “La Marseillaise.” Ilsa and Rick are played by Ingrid Bergman and Humphrey Bogart in, for 10 points, what film, set in the title Moroccan city?ANSWER: Casablanca <Other Fine Arts, KLu><ed. OC>6. A goddess of one of these features locked herself in a hut and set it on fire in order to prove to another god that his children were legitimate. One of these things was created after Magayon and her lover Panganoron were buried together in death. After the death of Izanami, Izanagi cut up his son Kagutsuchi to create (*) eight of these features. A notable goddess of one of these features challenged the snow goddess Poliahu to a sled race on Mauna Kea, although in some legends she also fights her sister Namaka on Kilauea. Hephaestus and Pele govern over, for 10 points, what geological features that periodically erupt?ANSWER: volcano <Mythology, SW><ed. AH>7. In this decade, India won its first Cricket World Cup under captain Kapil Dev. Dale Earnhardt Sr. won his first NASCAR championship at the beginning of this decade, during which Tom Watson won five golf majors. In this decade, Trevor Berbick defeated Muhammad Ali, marking Ali’s last professional fight. In one Olympics during this decade, Carl (*) Lewis equaled Jesse Owens’ feat by winning four gold medals in different track-and-field events. Olympics in this decade were held in Sarajevo and Seoul. For 10 points, name this decade, in which American champions often met with President Reagan.ANSWER: 1980’s <Pop Culture/Mixed Academic, KLu and AK><ed. KLu and AK>8. Properties of these substances form the axes of Eadie-Hofstee diagrams. Zymogens are converted to these substances when activated. If the only factor limiting these substances is diffusion, they are called “perfect.” The efficiency of these substances is quantified by the turnover number. Vmax is multiplied by the slope of the (*) Lineweaver-Burke plot to find the KM of these substances that are modeled with Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Many of these substances have the suffix “-ase.” Allosteric inhibition slows down these proteins. For 10 points, name these substances that act on substrates and lower the activation energy of reactions, acting as biological catalysts.ANSWER: enzymes [prompt on catalysts until mention; prompt on proteins until mention] <Chemistry, VS><ed. KLei>9. A character in this work tells her balding husband to “give your mommy a big sloppy kiss.” This work begins with that character exclaiming “What a dump!” Another character tells the story of a boy who crashes his car when he swerves to avoid a porcupine. In this play, a historian gives a summary of his second novel, which reveals the truth of a (*) “hysterical pregnancy.” In the “Walpurgisnacht” act of this play, characters play games such as “Get the Guests” and “Hump the Hostess.” This play ends with a woman replying “I am...I am” to the title question. For 10 points, name this play about guests Nick and Honey and terrible party hosts George and Martha, by Edward Albee.ANSWER: Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? <Drama, AK><ed. OC>10. William Claiborne repeatedly invaded this state in its early history in an effort to annex Kent Island. During the English Civil War, opposing factions fought the Battle of Severn in this state which was the site of the “Plundering Time.” One woman from this state, Elizabeth Ann Seton, was the first native born American to be (*) canonized. This state’s namesake “Toleration Act” guaranteed religious freedom for Trinitarian Christians. For 10 points name this state which was the Southernmost state in a boundary dispute resolved by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon and has its capital at Annapolis.ANSWER: Maryland <American History, JB><ed. AH>11. The development of this organ is quantified by the lecithin-to-sphingomyelin [[“less-ee-tin to sfin-go-my-uh-lin”]] ratio, as those compounds are found in a DPPC-rich substance that this organ secretes. Absence of that substance forms hyaline membranes in IRDS, which inhibits this organ's function. These organs are surrounded by the pleural [[“plural”]] membranes. The compliance of this organ is increased in a condition that contributes to (*) COPD. Surfactant lowers the surface tension of the sac-like clusters of alveoli found at the end of this organ's bronchioles. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to this organ. For 10 points, name this organ central to human respiration.ANSWER: lungs [anti-prompt on alveolus or alveoli] <Biology, VS><ed. VS>12. In one work by this man, an enthroned figure in a purple toga stares stonily towards the viewer as a goddess imploringly strokes part of his mane-like hair. Other than Jupiter and Thetis, he painted a tondo that reuses his portraits of a Woman with Three Arms and The Valpin?on Bather to depict nude women at a harem, The (*) Turkish Bath. His most famous work was lambasted by critics for rejecting anatomical accuracy, specifically with respect to what appear to be five extra vertebrae in the spine, and features a reclining woman who grasps a blue curtain and a peacock fan. For 10 points, name this French neoclassical painter of La Grande Odalisque.ANSWER: Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres <Visual Arts, GY><ed. AH>13. A character in one of this man’s works has fingers that look “like rows of short sausages.” Another of this author’s characters hides in a bell tower and rings it until an armistice is signed; that character, the prostitute Rachel, stabs an effeminate army captain to death with a cheese knife. In one of his stories, Cornudet annoys his fellow travellers by whistling the (*) Marseillaise; that company is detained by an officer who demands to sleep with a prostitute before he lets them pass. In another work, Mathilde Loisel works off debt for ten years before learning that a piece of jewelry is fake. For 10 points, name this author of “Mademoiselle Fifi,” “Boule de Suif,” and “The Necklace.”ANSWER: Guy de Maupassant <Short Fiction/Other, AK><ed. OC>14. While living in Boston, this man claimed to have worked as a baker at the Parker House Hotel. This man’s forces won a decisive battle that led to the passage of 1954 Geneva Accords. Woodrow Wilson and other delegates ignored this man’s eight-point plan at the (*) Versailles Conference. After his country suffered a catastrophic famine, this man convinced emperor Bao Dai to abdicate. This man defeated the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu with the help of general Vo Nguyen Giap during the First Indochina War. For 10 points, name this leader of the Viet Minh and founder of the Communist Party of Vietnam.ANSWER: H? Chí Minh [accept Nguy?n Sinh Cung or Nguy?n T?t Thành or Nguy?n ?i Qu?c or Bác H?] <World History, AK><ed. JB>15. This author included a character who could cure illnesses with his hands named Ganesh Ramsumair. This author of the The Mystic Masseur wrote a novel in which the protagonist builds a Madonna cult in memory of his mother, and later has an affair with Yvette, the wife of an European scholar named Raymond. That character later gets his store confiscated by the (*) “Big Man.” In another novel, this man wrote about the title character’s hatred of the Tulsi family after his marriage to Sharma and his struggle to acquire a house to symbolize his independence. For 10 points, name this Trinidadian author of A Bend in the River and A House for Mr. Biswas.ANSWER: Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul <Long Fiction, AK><ed. OC>16. One of these works opens Khachaturian’s Masquerade Suite. A work in this genre by von Weber, Invitation to the Dance, was orchestrated by Berlioz and became the first concert piece of this type. Beethoven allegedly insulted one of these works as a “cobbler’s patch” but then wrote 33 variations on it; that piece was written by Antonio Diabelli. One piece in this genre evokes the image of a (*) dog chasing its tail; the composer of that piece wrote 18 works of this genre that includes mazurkas and polonaises. Johann Strauss, Jr. was dubbed the king of this genre for writing pieces of this type named “Emperor” and “Danube River.” For 10 points, name this usually lively dance in ? time.ANSWER: waltz [accept valse] <Auditory Art, DY><ed. OC>17. The fact that all points on an ellipse have a constant sum of distances to two foci can be proved using a cone tangent to two of these shapes named for Dandelin. Using Thurston’s corrugations is one way to demonstrate Stephen Smale’s proof that the eversion of this shape is possible. Stereographic projections map these shapes to planes and are often used in (*) cartography. Triangles drawn on the surface of these shapes always have angle sums greater than 180 degrees. A coordinate system named for this shape is defined by a radius and two angles. For 10 points, name this three-dimensional shape consisting of all points a certain distance away from a center.ANSWER: spheres <Other Science, AB><ed. AB>18. In a poem by this author, a girl pulls flowers while a boy plays horse on stilts. In another poem, the speaker sees “moonlight before his bed” and imagines it is “frost on the ground,” then lowers his head and thinks of his homeland. This poet states “we are now three” after inviting the moon and his shadow to join him with “a cup of (*) wine under the flowering trees” and the “cloudy river of the sky.” The speaker of another poem recalls “when my hair was cut straight across my forehead” and declares “at fourteen I married My Lord you.” For 10 points, name this Tang Dynasty poet of “Quiet Night Thoughts,” “Drinking Alone by Moonlight,” and “The River-Merchant’s Wife.”ANSWER: Li Bai [accept Li Po or Li Bo] <Non-epic Poetry, OC><ed. OC>19. Many Buddhists believe that the first day of this holiday is the birthday of the Maitreya, although the seventh day is more generally held to be the birthday of all mankind. The kitchen god is often “bribed” with sweet offerings during the days leading up to it, during which great house-cleanings are also undertaken to sweep away bad luck. In modern times, the (*) CCTV Gala is broadcast four hours before the beginning of this holiday, after families observe the annual reunion dinner. Concluding with the lantern festival featuring the distribution red-envelopes and lion dances, for 10 points, name this festival based on the lunar calendar.ANSWER: Chinese New Year [accept Lunar New Year, Spring Festival, or Chūn Jié] <Religion, AH><ed. JB>20. Masabumi Hosono became known as the “Lucky Japanese Boy” for surviving this event. William Alden Smith’s investigation into this event claimed that Stanley Lord could have saved many of its victims. Molly Brown demanded the rescue of survivors of this event, some of whom were eventually saved by the (*) Carpathia. Despite numerous warnings, J. Bruce Ismay refused to slow down the central vehicle of this event. This event was exacerbated by an insufficient number of lifeboats and the delusion that a certain ship was “unsinkable.” For 10 points, name this deadly 1912 event that occured when a passenger ship crashed into an iceberg.ANSWER: sinking of the RMS Titanic [accept reasonable equivalents for sinking; prompt on partial answer] <Other History, JB><ed. AH>Bonuses1. For 10 points each, answer the following about the constitutionality of U.S. military protocol.[10] This legislation mandates that the president notify congress within 48 hours of the start of a conflict. It also states that all troops must be removed from combat within 60 days unless Congress grants an extension.ANSWER: War Powers Resolution [accept War Powers Act] [10] In his dissent in INS vs. Chadha, this JFK-appointed justice argued that the War Powers Resolution was an unconstitutional violation of the Presentment Clause. Upon his retirement, he was replaced by Ruth Bader Ginsburg.ANSWER: Byron White[10] The constitutional grounding of the War Powers Resolution is found in this Article of the Constitution. This Article enumerates powers delegated to the legislative branch of government.ANSWER: Article I <American History, CZ><ed. JB>2. For 10 points each, answer these questions about the use of a certain substance as a symbolic element in literature:[10] Conrad Aiken wrote a short story about a schizophrenic young man Paul who constantly daydreams about this substance. That story is titled for “silent” and “secret” types of this substance.ANSWER: snow (accept “Silent Snow, Secret Snow”)[10] In this author’s novel Snow Country, snow symbolizes the purity that the protagonist Shimamuro seeks in his travels and his affair with the geisha Komako. ANSWER: Yasunari Kawabata [10] Orhan Pamuk, an author from this country, chronicled the life of the poet Ka in his novel Snow. Pamuk described growing up in this country in his personal memoir Istanbul.ANSWER: Turkey <Short Fiction/Other, AK><ed. OC>3. Retorts and pot stills were formerly used for this process. For 10 points each:[10] Name this process that separates components of a mixture by boiling and condensation. It can be used to purify water.ANSWER: distillation[10] The composition of these substances cannot be changed by distillation because their components have similar boiling points. An example of a binary one of these substances consists of about 95% ethanol and 5% water.ANSWER: azeotropes[10] Destructive distillation is a type of this process. This process is the thermal decomposition of organic material in the absence of oxygen.ANSWER: pyrolysis [prompt on thermolysis] <Chemistry, KLei><ed. VS>4. A huge cannon known as the Raevsky Redoubt formed a crucial part of the defender’s line in this battle. For 10 points each:[10] Mikhail Kutuzov led the Russian defense in this 1812 battle where Matvei Platov led a cossack charge against Eugene de Beauharnais. This battle was the single bloodiest day of the Napoleonic Wars.ANSWER: Battle of Borodino[10] Napoleon entered this capital city a week after Borodino, only to find it deserted and without provisions. ANSWER: Moscow[10] Among the fighters at Borodino was this man, Napoleon’s brother in law known as the “Dandy King.” The Carbonari first became influential during the reign of this King of Naples.ANSWER: Joachim-Napoléon Murat <European History, AK, JP, and DC><ed. AH>5. This country’s contains the 90 Mile Straight, one of the longest completely straight road stretches in the world. For 10 points each:[10] Name this country, which contains cities such as Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney along its coastline and is separated from Papua New Guinea by the Torres Strait.ANSWER: Commonwealth of Australia[10] This state is Australia’s most populous. It is to the south of Queensland and surrounds federal territories such as the Australian Capital Territory and the Jervis Bay Territory.ANSWER: New South Wales[10] This largest lake in Australia contains the lowest natural point in the country. It is inhabited by the native Arabana people who call it Kati Thanda.ANSWER: Lake Eyre <Geography, AK><ed. KLu and AK>6. The two primary subjects of this painting set in an English garden are the daughters of the illustrator Frederick Bernard. For 10 points each:[10] Name this painting depicting two small children lighting paper lanterns just as the day turns to night. ANSWER: Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose[10] Another painting by that same artist features four small children in a room with two giant vases from this country, where artists created works like The Great Wave in the style of ukiyo-e.ANSWER: Japan[10] Both works were painted by this Anglo-American painter who created El Jaleo and the controversial Portrait of Madame X. ANSWER: John Singer Sargent <Visual Arts, AH><ed. OC>7. Identify some things about capitals. No, not state capitals; the tops of columns. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Classical Greek order, which is often contrasted with the Doric and Corinthian and features spiraling scroll-like volutes at the top of each capital.ANSWER: Ionic[10] Medieval architects often decorated capitals with images of men, animals and foliage in a non-standardized way. These capitals are referred to by this term, which implies that they may be part of a narrative sequence.ANSWER: historiated capital[10] Renaissance architects would later become enamored with this so-called Roman order derived from Etruscan architecture. It is named for a region in Italy that was the birthplace of the Renaissance.ANSWER: Tuscan column <Other Fine Arts, AH><ed. AB and OC>8. In one poem, this author portrays ancestors as “fools in old-style hats and coats, / Who half the time were soppy-stern / And half at one another’s throats.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this English poet of “The Whitsun Weddings” and “This Be the Verse,” whose earlier works are written under the pseudonym Brunette Coleman.ANSWER: Philip Larkin[10] In his poem “Aubade,” Larkin illustrates this concept as “the anaesthetic from which none come round.” This figure “kindly stopped for” the speaker in an Emily Dickinson poem. ANSWER: Death[10] In this other Dickinson poem, the title creature breaks “the stillness in the room” and stumbles “between the light” and the speaker, who “could not see to see.”ANSWER: “I Heard a Fly Buzz– When I Died–” <Non-Epic Poetry, OC><ed. OC>9. Scriptural discrepancies about the divinity of Christ were particularly vexing to early Christians. For 10 points each:[10] That Christ is God is strongly affirmed by this non-synoptic gospel, which opens with the line “in the beginning there was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.ANSWER: The Gospel According to John[10] On the other hand the humanity of Christ is strongly stressed by Matthew, particularly by the opening genealogy that identifies him as the son of this virgin married to Joseph.ANSWER: Mary[10] The current consensus is that Christ was both man and God, but this early heresy believed that Christ was wholly divine and that his human form was purely illusory.ANSWER: Docetism <Religion, AH><ed. JB>10. In a song from a musical set in this city, a character sings that “the rhythm of town starts calling me down” and proclaims that “every day is an open door.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this American city, the setting of the musical Hairspray. In the opening song, titled “Good Morning, [this city], Tracy sings that “the world’s gonna wake up and see [this city] and me.”ANSWER: Baltimore[10] This TV series, set in Baltimore, depicts the lives of the urban poor of the city. In season 1, this series depicted the struggle between the Baltimore Police Department and the Barksdale drug trafficking empire.ANSWER: The Wire[10] Owner Art Modell relocated this NFL team to Baltimore in 1995, where it became the Ravens. The current incarnation of this team, which also plays in the AFC North, went 0-16 in the 2017-18 season.ANSWER: Cleveland Browns [prompt on Cleveland] <Pop Culture/Mixed Academic, KLu><ed. KLu and AK>11. South America has had its fair share of bloody conflicts. For 10 points each:[10] This deadliest war in South American history was begun by Paraguay against a namesake coalition of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. It ended after Solano Lopez was killed at the Battle of Cerro Cora.ANSWER: War of the Triple Alliance[10] Another bloody war involving Paraguay was fought against Bolivia for control of this namesake region, which was thought to be laden with oil deposits. ANSWER: Chaco War [accept Gran Chaco War][10] This war between Chile, Peru, and Bolivia was fought over a resource-rich section of the Atacama Desert, but is more commonly referred to by ocean it was largely fought in. Bolivia has been landlocked ever since.ANSWER: War of the Pacific [accept Saltpeter War] <World History, AK & JP><ed. AH>12. This phenomenon is named for Fraunhofer [["fron-hoff-er”]] when observed at far field distances. For 10 points each:[10] Name this phenomenon in which a wave passing through a slit will spread out on the other side of the slit, forming namesake “patterns.” It occurs when a wave bends around an obstacle.ANSWER: diffraction[10] Fringes in diffraction patterns occur when slit width times this function of theta is an integer multiple of wavelength. This function of theta is set equal to theta in an approximation used to model pendulums.ANSWER: sine theta[10] This formula is used to model angular resolution. It sets sine theta equal to 1.22 times lambda over d. ANSWER: Rayleigh Criterion <Physics, VS><ed. KLei>13. The philosophical roots of the American Revolution can largely be found in this philosopher’s Two Treatises of Government. For 10 points each:[10] Name this English enlightenment philosopher who developed the idea of a right to revolution as part of his social contract theory.ANSWER: John Locke[10] Locke’s theories of natural rights were adapted most famously by this 1776 document drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson that holds “certain truths to be self-evident.”ANSWER: Declaration of Independence[10] Locke’s earliest work is often thought to be the Fundamental Constitutions for this Royal Province of the Americas, a work praised by Voltaire for its religious tolerance.ANSWER Carolina [do not accept or prompt on “Carolinas” or North or South Carolina] <Philosophy, AH><ed. JB>14. The Nowell Codex contains a complete rendition of this work in 3182 lines. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Old English epic about the title hero’s quest to save Hrothgar’s mead-hall from the monster Grendel. ANSWER: Beowulf[10] Despite the existence of the codex, the use of formulaic elements in the text suggest that Beowulf may have been composed as part of this kind of literary tradition, as opposed to a written tradition.ANSWER: oral tradition [accept verbal and other equivalents][10] Serious debate also persists over the date of the poem’s composition. This philologist and author of Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics maintains it must have been an 8th century composition.ANSWER: J.R.R. Tolkien <Drama, AH><ed. OC>15. This process occurs in Bok globules and can result in T Tauris [["tee tar-ees”]]. For 10 points each:[10] Name this process that results in the formation of a protoplanetary disk.ANSWER: star formation [accept equivalents like stellar birth or star creation, prompt on anything with collapse][10] Bok globules are an absorption type of these clouds of gas and dust where star formation takes place. Examples include the Eagle, Orion, and Crab.ANSWER: nebulae[10] T Tauri stars follow the Hayashi track, which can be visualized on this diagram. This diagram named for two people plots luminosities versus temperatures of stars.ANSWER: Hertzsprung–Russell diagram [or HR diagram or HRD] <Other Science, KLei><ed. VS>16. In this work, Merry plants a bomb in the post office and goes into hiding with the help of her speech therapist Sheila. For 10 points each:[10] Name this novel recounting the ruination of Seymour “the Swede” Levov, narrated by Nathan Zuckerman.ANSWER: American Pastoral[10] American Pastoral was written by this Jewish-American author of Goodbye, Columbus. His most famous novel centers around a character who tells Dr. Spielvogel about his sexual escapades, Portnoy’s Complaint.ANSWER: Philip Roth[10] Roth set Goodbye, Columbus in this home state of his. William Carlos Williams wrote an epic poem named Paterson about a city in this state.ANSWER: New Jersey <Long Fiction, OC><ed. OC>17. An archbishop named Francesco Salviati was hanged from the window of the Sala dei Duecento at the aftermath of this event. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 1498 plot to displace a powerful banking family as rulers of a certain Italian city. It took place at the Duomo during High Mass killed Giuliano, but failed to kill the more powerful Lorenzo the Magnificent.ANSWER: Pazzi Plot [accept Pazzi Conspiracy][10] Giuliano and Lorenzo the Magnificent were members of this aforementioned family. This family served as the patron of artists such as Michelangelo and Botticelli.ANSWER: Medici Family[10] The Pazzi Plot took place in this city, which the Medicis ruled during the Renaissance. This city on the Arno River was ruled by Girolamo Savonarola after the fall of the Medicis.ANSWER: Florence <European History, AK><ed. AH>18. Many of this composer’s works feature a heavy use of tremolo in the strings. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Austrian composer of Te Deum and eleven symphonies, including ones nicknamed the “Lyric” and the “Apocalyptic.”ANSWER: Anton Bruckner[10] Bruckner’s fourth symphony in E-flat major has this epithet, named for the musical era during which it was composed. This era of classical music was preceded by the Baroque and Classical periods. ANSWER: Symphony No. 4, “Romantic” [accept Romantic era][10] Early in life, Bruckner befriended this other Late-Romantic composer of many virtuosic works for the piano, including the Transcendental ?tudes.ANSWER: Franz Liszt <Auditory Art, OC><ed. OC>19. Increased p53 concentration can initiate this process. For 10 points each:[10] Name this process of controlled cell death that leads to cell fragmentation and blebbing.ANSWER: apoptosis[10] This iron-containing protein’s release from mitochondria can also induce apoptosis through activation of caspase 9. This protein also functions between complex III and complex IV.ANSWER: cytochrome c [prompt on partial answer][10] Complex III and complex IV are parts of this process that shuttles negatively charged particles to form a proton gradient.ANSWER: electron transport chain [or ETC, accept oxidative phosphorylation or OXPHOS, prompt on cellular respiration] <Biology, KLei><ed. KLei>20. Boats play an important role in many myth systems. For 10 points each:[10] Name this ship that contains wood from the grove of Dodona, allowing it to speak prophecies. This ship lends its name to the heroes who retrieved the Golden Fleece. ANSWER: Argo[10] This ship is destined to depart to Vígrí?r during Ragnarok after J?rmungandr’s rage sets it free. It is made up of the untrimmed nails of the dead and captained by the j?tunn Hrym.ANSWER: Naglfar [accept Naglfari][10] This chief Egyptian god rides the solar barge Mesektet every night through the Duat, fighting the giant serpent Apep. He is most commonly associated with the sun.ANSWER: Ra [accept Re] <Mythology, DC><ed. AH> ................
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