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Rising 9th Grade Science Summer Activity GuideGeneral Education481012511176000Dear Parent or Guardian,It has been a pleasure serving as your daughter’s 8th grade Physical Science teacher this year! The year was full of learning new concepts and questioning the world around us. At BLSYW we believe that science is an interesting and exciting topic. ?By getting involved in your child's instruction, you can not only help your daughter to succeed, but you may also enjoy learning the material yourself! ?The more we know about the world around us, the more fascinating it becomes!Students in high school will be challenged to master many new concepts. The activities included in this packet are meant to serve as an introduction to several of the concepts that will be studied during the upcoming school years and build upon concepts learned this year. Most of them are short and simple and require only a few common household items to complete. By familiarizing themselves with these activities and reviewing key concepts, your daughter will be more prepared to be successful at the high school level. The completion of all five Physical Science Summer Activities will count as one classwork grade for all 9th grade students. Your child will also have many opportunities to reinforce, extend, and apply what is learned with fun and meaningful investigations and activities throughout high school. STUDENTS: Please take the time to read the instructions and complete the activities to the best of your abilities. Your work on these activities will be submitted to your 9th grade science teacher for grading at the beginning of the school year. And remember, have fun! Sincerely,Ms. Johnson8th Grade Physical Science TeacherPurposeBLSYW believes that all students deserve and education that includes multiple strategies to engage students in meaningful learning. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) have developed crosscutting concepts to influence connections between multiple content areas to enrich the application of core ideas. Below please find the two concepts that will be the focus of this summer assignment. Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Crosscutting Concepts 1. Patterns: Observed patterns of forms and events guide organization and classification, and they prompt questions about relationships and the factors that influence them. 2. Cause and effect: Mechanism and explanation. Events have causes, sometimes simple, sometimes multifaceted. A major activity of science is investigating and explaining causal relationships and the mechanisms by which they are mediated. Such mechanisms can then be tested across given contexts and used to predict and explain events in new contexts.Part 1: Chemical ChangesA chemical change occurs when one or more substances change into new substances with new properties. There are several clues that a chemical change has taken place such as bubbling, fizzing, color change, and a change in temperature. Activity – Baking soda + VinegarMaterials:Clear container such as drinking glass or cup1 tbsp of baking soda? cup of white vinegarProcedure:*Note: It is best to do this experiment in a sink because the reaction can make quite a mess! You can also watch the experiment online if you do not have the materials. Describe the physical properties of each substance BEFORE you mix them together. Physical properties describe how a substance looks (color), its state (solid, liquid, or gas), its texture (smooth or rough), and its smell (or lack thereof). Baking SodaVinegarPut 1 tbsp of baking soda in the cup. Carefully add ? cup of vinegar and describe what happens.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Analysis:What clues that a chemical change took place did you observe?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What change in temperature do you notice after the reaction finished?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Extension:What is the cause of a reaction and what are some effects of a reaction occurring? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Activity – The Rusty NailRust (Fe2O3) forms when iron (Fe) reacts with oxygen (O). There are many ways an object can become rusty. Your challenge is to cause the most rust to form on an iron object such as a nail. You will need to list all additional materials that you used and describe the procedure you used to make your nails rusty.Materials:3 metal nails________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Describe the procedure you used to make your nails rusty:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________AnalysisWhat causes the most rust to form on a nail? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Where does the rust come from?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Predict another object that would rust and one that would not rust. Explain your predictions. Can you explain patterns of what materials do rust and what materials do not rust?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part 2: GravityGravity is a force that pulls things down. When you jump, gravity pulls you down. When you throw a ball, gravity eventually causes it to fall to the ground. Gravity is what keeps the moon in orbit around the Earth and the Earth in orbit around the sun. But does gravity pull on all things equally? Activity- Gravity DropMaterials:Objects of different sizes and masses such as a piece of paper, a book, a paper clip, a basketball, etc.***Please don’t use breakable objects!!!__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Procedure:Hold two different items at the same height above the ground (shoulder height works well). Drop both items at the same time and observe which hits the ground first.Experiment with dropping items of different sizes and masses at the same time and observe which objects hit the ground first.Extension: Try dropping the items from different heights. How does the height affect which objects hit the ground first? Is there a predictable pattern from your observations?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Analysis:Did all of the objects fall at the same speed? Propose an idea to explain why or why not.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part 3: Newton’s Laws/InertiaSir Isaac Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion apply to any object in motion, including you. Be sure and review the three laws. They explain how and why things move (or don’t move). In this activity, you’ll be observing how your body feels in a moving object such as a car, train, or bus. Activity- InertiaMaterials:YourselfCar, train, or busProcedure:Take a ride in a car, train, or bus. Any public transportation will work for this activity. Observe how you feel. Complete the questions below:What does your body feel like when the car starts and stops? ________________________________________________________________________________What does your body do when the car moves forward? ____________________________What does your body do when the car moves backward? ____________________________What does your body do when the car turns right? ____________________________What does your body do when the car turns left? ____________________________What does your body do when the car stops? ____________________________Why does your body seem to go left when the car is turning right? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Explain the cause and effect relationship between the direction of movement and the observations of your body using Newton’s laws. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Summative Assessment: Patterns and Cause and EffectWhat patterns did you see throughout each of the activities? Can you describe a single pattern for all of the activities? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Fill in the chart to determine the cause and effect of each activity. ActivityCauseEffectChemical ChangesGravity Newton’s Laws ................
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