Kentucky Academic Standards for Social Studies

Kentucky Academic Standards

Social Studies

July 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

Background on the Kentucky Academic Standards for Social Studies: Educating for Civic Life in a Democracy.......................................................................................................... 5 Kentucky's Vision for Students ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Legal Basis................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Standards Creation Process..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

Writers' Vision Statement .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Design Considerations ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Standards Use and Development........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 The Kentucky Academic Standards (KAS) are Standards, not Curriculum ............................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Translating the Standards into Curriculum ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Organization of the Standards............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Discipline Strand Key ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Applying Disciplinary Concepts and Practices ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Kindergarten through Grade 8 Annotated Standards Chart ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 High School Annotated Standards Chart ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23

KENTUCKY ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES: KINDERGARTEN-GRADE 5 OVERVIEW .............................................................................25

Kindergarten: Myself and My Community........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Specific Overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Kindergarten: Myself and My Community Standards ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Kindergarten: Disciplinary Clarifications and Instructional Support ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

Grade 1: Impact on Community and State........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Specific Overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 36 Grade 1: Impact on Community and State Standards........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Grade 1: Disciplinary Clarifications and Instructional Support ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 42

Grade 2: North American Interactions ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 48 Specific Overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 48 Grade 2: North American Interactions Standards ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 51 Grade 2: Disciplinary Clarifications and Instructional Support ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 54

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Grade 3: Global Interactions............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60 Specific Overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 60 Grade 3: Global Interactions Standards ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 63 Grade 3: Disciplinary Clarifications and Instructional Support ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 66

Grade 4: Migration and Settlement .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73 Specific Overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73 Grade 4: Migration and Settlement Standards ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76 Grade 4: Disciplinary Clarifications and Instructional Support ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 79

Grade 5: Colonization to Constitution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 84 Specific Overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 84 Grade 5: Colonization to Constitution Standards.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 87 Grade 5: Disciplinary Clarifications and Instructional Support ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 90

KENTUCKY ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES: GRADE 6-8 OVERVIEW ...........................................................................................................96

Grade 6: Development of Civilizations ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 97 Specific Overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 97 Grade 6: Development of Civilizations Standards ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 100 Grade 6: Disciplinary Clarifications and Instructional Support ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 104

Grade 7: Growth and Expansion of Civilization ...................................................................................................................................................................................................111 Specific Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 111 Grade 7: Growth and Expansion of Civilization Standards.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 114 Grade 7: Disciplinary Clarifications and Instructional Support ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 117

Grade 8: The United States: 1600-1877..............................................................................................................................................................................................................124 Specific Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 124 Grade 8: The United States: 1600-1877 Standards ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 127 Grade 8: Disciplinary Clarifications and Instructional Support ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 132

KENTUCKY ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES: HIGH SCHOOL OVERVIEW .................................................................................................. 139

High School: Civics Standards .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 141 High School: Economics Standards...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 143 High School: Geography Standards ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 146 High School: United States History Standards .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 148 High School: World History Standards ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 151

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APPENDIX A: KINDERGARTEN THROUGH HIGH SCHOOL PROGRESSIONS....................................................................................................................... 155

Inquiry Progressions .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................155 Inquiry Progression: Questioning ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 155 Inquiry Progression: Using Evidence ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 157 Inquiry Progression: Communicating Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 160

Civics Progressions............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................164 Civics Progressions by Grade Level...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 164 Civics Progression: Civic and Political Institutions............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 170 Civics Progression: Roles and Responsibilities of a Citizen ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 172 Civics Progression: Civic Virtues and Democratic Principles ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 174 Civics Progression: Processes, Rules and Laws.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 176 Civics Progression: Kentucky Government.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 178

Economics Progressions ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................179 Economics Progressions by Grade Level ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 179 Economics Progression: Microeconomics ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 186 Economics Progression: Macroeconomics .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 188 Economics Progression: Specialization, Trade and Interdependence ................................................................................................................................................................................ 190 Economics Progression: Incentives, Choices and Decision Making .................................................................................................................................................................................... 192 Economics Progression: Kentucky Economics..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 194

Geography Progressions ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................195 Geography Progressions by Grade Level............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 195 Geography Progression: Migration and Movement ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 201 Geography Progression: Human Interactions and Interconnections.................................................................................................................................................................................. 203 Geography Progression: Human Environment Interaction................................................................................................................................................................................................. 205 Geography Progression: Geographic Reasoning ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 207 Geography Progression: Kentucky Geography.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 209

History Progressions .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................210 History Progressions by Grade Level ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 210 History Progression: Change and Continuity....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 218 History Progression: Cause and Effect ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 221 History Progression: Conflict and Compromise .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 224 History Progression: Kentucky History ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 227

APPENDIX B: WRITING AND REVIEW COMMITTEES................................................................................................................................................................ 228

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Kentucky Academic Standards Social Studies

INTRODUCTION

Background on the Kentucky Academic Standards for Social Studies: Educating for Civic Life in a Democracy America's history is vast and complex; from past to present, it is the story of people, places, events, ideas and documents that shaped the nation today. Thomas Jefferson asserted, "Educate and inform the whole mass of people. They are the only sure reliance for the preservation of our liberty." Democracy's survival depends upon the generational transmission of the political vision of liberty and equality that makes and unites Americans. The preservation of this American vision is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its citizens to collaboratively and deliberately address problems, defend their own rights and the rights of others and balance personal interests with the general welfare of society. It also depends on a loyalty to the political institutions the founders created. Devotion to human dignity and freedom, equal rights, justice, the rule of law, tolerance of diversity, mutual assistance, personal and civic responsibility, self-restraint and self-respect must be learned and practiced. The preparation of young people for participation in America's democratic society is vital. The progress of communities and the state, nation and world rests upon the preparation of young people to collaboratively balance personal interest with the public good.

The National Council for the Social Studies contends: "The primary purpose of Social Studies is to help young people develop the ability to make informed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world." Civic competence requires a commitment to democratic values and the ability to use knowledge about one's community, nation and world. Social studies classrooms are the ideal locations to foster civic virtue, apply inquiry practices, consider current issues, engage in civil discourse and build a civic identity and an awareness of international issues. They should be laboratories of democracy where the diversity among learners embodies the democratic goal of embracing pluralism. Students must be taught to cherish freedom and to accept responsibility for preserving and extending it, finding their own best ways of doing so on the basis of free, independent thinking. These skills, habits and qualities of character will prepare students to accept responsibility for preserving and defending their liberties and empower them to think critically, reason and problem solve. Thus, the civic mission of social studies is crucial and demands the inclusion of each and every student in Kentucky.

In order to prepare young people in the 21st century to carry on the ideals of the founders, social studies education must aim to develop students' knowledge of important social studies concepts and their use of disciplinary thinking skills. Achieving this aim is the mission of social studies education in Kentucky. The Kentucky Academic Standards for Social Studies is designed to promote the development of knowledge and skills that will produce Kentucky graduates who are civically engaged, socially responsible and culturally aware. These standards guide student exploration of the relationships and interactions among individuals and groups at local, state, national and international levels through the disciplines of civics, economics, geography and history and the inquiry practices of questioning, investigating, using evidence and communicating conclusions. The standards are designed to include a breadth of knowledge, not as isolated facts to be simply memorized, but as useable knowledge to be integrated into an understanding of the world.

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