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Suggestions for studying AP GovernmentLearn to focus while you work; turn off the phone, music, and other distractionsRead the assigned textbook pages and write it down! Take your own notes and use your study guide provided, but do not limit yourself to the topics or questions on each study guide. Do not skip the infographics, charts, etc. Especially do not skip the required SCOTUS cases and readings!Do not delay your learning- if you have questions, research to try to find examples of concepts online. If you have a specific question- email me!Study your vocabulary- create and study flashcards, (WEE- Write the definition, Explain the term, give and Example), or if you prefer- create flashcards on Quizlet and study them!Term/Concepts: Checks and BalancesW Each branch of government has the power to check or limit the actions of the other two branches of government. EEach branch of gov't has a certain number of checks it can use to ensure the other branches do not become too powerful. The foundation for the concept was established by Founding Fathers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison in The Federalist PapersEFor example, the Judicial Branch can check the Executive Branch by determining the constitutionality of an Executive Order. Review and study class notes and book notes within 24 hours- can you summarize what you have learned?Use colors to help you learn (definitions, concepts, topics you are having trouble with, etc.)Plan out your study schedule and stick to itAsk for help when you need it, as soon as you need it. My email is rjuarez@ For Every Unit…College Board has designated certain foundational documents and Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) cases as “must know” for the AP Exam. You need to know them inside and out. FRQs will be based off of the following SCOTUS cases:Marbury v. MadisonMcCulloch v. MarylandSchenck v. United StatesBrown v. Board of EducationBaker v. CarrEngel v. VitaleGideon v. WainwrightTinker v. Des MoinesNew York Times Co. v. United StatesRoe v. WadeShaw v. RenoUnited States v. LopezMcDonald v. ChicagoCitizens united v. Federal Election Commission Wisconsin v. YoderYou must be able to read and accurately interpret these documents for the whole exam. In addition, FRQs will be based off of the following foundational documents:The Declaration of IndependenceThe Articles of ConfederationFederalist No. 10Brutus No. 1 Federalist No. 51The Constitution of the United StatesFederalist No. 70Federalist No. 78Letter from BirminghamUnit SIX Guide: Interaction between branches part three (Judicial Branch, Civil Liberties, and Civil Rights)Unit covers chapters 4, 5, & 14 as well as the required foundational documents and SCOTUS casesThis study guide should be a great resource for you to use as you prepare for the Unit Assessment, Unit FRQs, and the AP Exam in May. Not all items will be in our textbook or lectures. I have additional resources available in my classroom to help you prepare for assessments and FRQs- ask if you cannot find additional resources online. If it’s in the textbook, lectures, assignments, or study guide, it may appear on your unit assessment of FRQ! We have already gone over this material in class or ample time was given for you to ask me questions, therefore, answers will not be given nor gone over in class.Judicial Branch, Civil Liberties, and Civil Rights, Tentative exam date: April 9th Key Terms and Ideas (Study Guide):Chapter 14 (pgs. 365-391), Lectures, Research (if we don’t cover it, research it!)The Federal Judicial System: Applying the LawJudicial ReviewRole in checks & balancesFoundation of powers- Article III of the ConstitutionFederalist 78Marbury v. Madison (1803)Judicial legitimacy and decision makingStare decisisIdeological composition of the SCOTUSPresidential appointmentsEffect of controversial or unpopular decisionsCongress introduces new legislationNew president= new appointmentsJudicial activism vs. judicial restraintoriginal intent (originalism)Appellate court jurisdictionLimitations on the SCOTUS’ powerNew congressional legislation can modify the impact of a decisionConstitutional AmendmentJudicial appointments and confirmationsThe President or states ignoring or evading SCOTUS decisions Legislation impacting court jurisdictionamicus curiae briefsjurisdiction (of a court)original jurisdictionappellate jurisdictionFederal Judge Tenuresenatorial courtesyOpinion (of a court)Majority opinionPlurality opinionConcurring opinionDissenting opinionJudicial ConceptsConstitution says very little about the Supreme Court/Courts in generalLegislative Courts (Special Courts designed by Congress)Judiciary Act of 1789- 3 tiered systemNomination ProcessHow do judges get on the court?Ruling on a caseJudges are individualsThey make mistakesPowell…. Example of a Justice that admitted to making mistakes Chapters 4 and 5 (pgs. 85-146), Lectures, Research (if we don’t cover it, research it!)Civil Liberties and Equal RightsChapter 4Constitutional protections of individual liberties and rightscivil libertiesBill of Rights (application of is continually tested by the courts)1st AmendmentFreedom of ExpressionSymbolic speechTinker v. Des MoinesPrior RestraintNew York Times Co. v. United States (1971)Clear and present danger testSchenck v. United States (1919)Free Exercise ClauseEngel v. Vitale (1962)Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)Establishment Clause2nd AmendmentMcDonald v. Chicago (2010)4th Amendment4th AmendmentUnreasonable searches/seizuresMiranda Rights5th Amendment6th AmendmentGideon v. Wainwright (1963)8th Amendment14th AmendmentIncorporation/ Selective IncorporationDue Process ClauseRoe v. Wade (1973)Chapter 5Constitutional provision sparked and supported and motivated social movementsDr. Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” and the civil rights movementThe National Organization for Women and women’s rights movementThe pro-life movementSocial movements through court rulingsBrown v. Board of Education (1954)Prior state and federal holdings that were based on “separate but equal” doctrineThe Civil Rights Act of 1964The Voting Rights Act of 1965Affirmative Action, including major court casesCivil Rights ConceptsSuspect Classification and Strict ScrutinyRace, Gender, Sexual Preference Race is a suspect Classification and as a result, must be held to the highest level of scrutiny by the courtCourt asks itself (in order to separate by race) - is this the ONLY way to meet this goal?Religion falls here as wellGender- intermediate levelMen registering for selective serviceLowest Level of Scrutiny (Rational or Reasonable Basis) age/sexual preferenceIs there a rational foundation for this separation?Will sexual preference move to the intermediate level of scrutiny? RaceReconstructionCivil War Amendments14th Amendment is HUGE!Different BranchesWhat role did each branch have in the struggle of freedom of black people (voting, early civil rights act- Supreme Court Invalidates, later civil rights act, participate in politics)Different GroupsNAACP- taking cases to the Supreme CourtStrategy of casesMcLaurin v Oklahoma 1950Brown v Board of Education 1954Brown v Board of Education II 1955 (when States try to delay the decision of Brown I)Cooper v Aaron 1958 (Cooper wanted 2 years)The Atlantic Article early concerns (gender and race)- Cases (why did woman go the route of a Constitutional Amendment)Muller v Oregon 1908Minor v Happersett 1875Bradwell v Illinois 1873Hoyt v Florida 1961 (woman killed husband for cheating on her, tried by a jury of all men- not tried by a jury of her peers. The court upholds her conviction, but reverses it in 1975 and lets her go. The court is NOT in a vacuum, it knows the world around it)Reading Assignments TBD: 365-374TBD: 374-380TBD: 381-389TBD: 85-95TBD: 95-102TBD: 102-110TBD: 110-114TBD: 117-124TBD: 124-134TBD: 134-143 ................
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