BIOLOGY



BIOLOGY NOTES NAME:

BIOCHEMISTRY PART 1 DAY / MOD:

PAGES 36-39 DATE:

Standard:

____ Interpret formula representations of molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure

Essential Question:

1.

I. Matter

Matter = anything that occupies _______________ and has _______________.

A. The Structure of Matter

1. Atoms = the basic units of ____________

• Atoms can be broken down into smaller parts called ________________ particles

a. proton = subatomic particle that has a ___________ charge

b. neutron = subatomic particle that has ___ charge

❖ nucleus = the center of the ________ where protons and neutrons are located

c. electron = subatomic particle that has a ____________ charge

❖ electrons are in constant ____________ around the ______________ in an area known as the electron cloud

❖ The electron cloud has different __________ levels that can hold a specific number of electrons

➢ 1st level (closest to nucleus) - _________ electrons

➢ 2nd level - __________ electrons

2. Elements = a pure substance that consists entirely of _____ type of atom

• elements cannot be __________ down into simpler substances

• each element is represented by a ____________ symbol

Oxygen = _____ Hydrogen = ______ Calcium = _____ Sodium = _____

Carbon = _____ Phosphorus = _____ Chlorine = _____ Potassium = _____

Nitrogen = _____ Sulfur = _____ Magnesium = _____ Iron = _____

• Of the 90 naturally occurring elements, only about 25 are essential to __________

❖ Of these 25, four _____, _____, _____ and _____ make up 96% of the mass of a human and are essential for life.

❖ The rest are the elements are present in very _____ amounts

Elemental Terms:

a. atomic number = the number of __________ in an element.

❖ This is the element’s ________________ because no two elements have the same amount of protons.

e.g.

II. The Combination of Matter

A. Compounds = a substance formed by the _____________ combination of ____ or more elements

e.g.

• chemical formula = a shorthand method of writing compositions of ______________

e.g.

• subscript = in chemical formulas, the small __________ next to the element that tell how many _______ of that element are in the compound

e.g.

B. Chemical Bonds: the formation of compounds

Elements will only combine to form compounds when they become more ________ by forming a compound.

• atoms of different elements become more stable when they have __________ electrons in their outer _________ _________

1. Types of Chemical Bonds:

a. ionic bond = a chemical bond formed between two ______ when one or more __________ are transferred between the atoms resulting in atoms of ____________ charge which are attracted to each other

e.g.

b. covalent bond = a chemical bond form between two _____ when they share two or more _______________

e.g.

❖ molecule = the structure that results when atoms are joined by _____________ bonds

➢ molecules make up most of the compounds found in _____________ things

➢ superscript = in chemical formulas, the large number found in ____________ of compounds that tells how many _____________ of that compound exist

e.g.

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STUDENT SYNTHESIS

To demonstrate knowledge of the information contained within these notes, within the space below EITHER 1. Create two higher level test questions and answers based on the information OR 2. Write a comprehensive one-sentence summary of the information

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