CHAPTER 12



CHAPTER 12PAVEMENT PRESERVATION GUIDELINESPAVEMENT PRESERVATION PROJECT SELECTION GUIDELINESThe Pavement Preservation Guidelines herein are to be used for Federal-aid and 100% state-funded projects as applicable.Preservation strategies for interstate/freeway sections should be developed to incorporate Pavement Preservation work at appropriate intervals to maintain the pavement throughout the design life of the roadway. See Chapters 11 and 13 for plan requirements. Districts must have an overall interstate/freeway plan developed for each year of their four-year program. This plan should be developed and formally documented using the Roadway Management System (RMS). Programmed and executed Pavement Preservation work, including work such as Maintenance Contracts, must also be included in the District's overall interstate/freeway program. Formal documentation of the work completed on the subject highway systems in the RMS's Pavement History database is essential to the planning and programming effort.PAVEMENT PRESERVATION PROJECT CRITERIARefer to the memo in Chapter 12, Appendix A, FHWA Pavement Preservation Memorandum from FHWA dated September 12, 2005 for Pavement Preservation definitions. Also defined are the components of Pavement Preservation.AASHTO's Standing Committee on Highways defines preventive maintenance as the planned strategy of cost effective treatments to an existing roadway system and its appurtenances that preserves the system, retards future deterioration, and maintains or improves the functional condition of the system (without increasing structural capacity).Typical Pavement Preservation Treatments.Flexible Pavement Treatments:Asphalt RejuvenatorsAsphalt SealersCrack SealingCrack FillingScrub SealsSand SealsChip SealsCape SealsSlurry SealsMicro SurfacingProfile MillingUltra-Thin Friction Course (generally ≤ 3/4 inch)Thin Overlays (non-structural, generally ≤ 2 inches)Mill & Resurface (non-structural, generally ≤ 2 inches)Ultra-Thin Bonded Concrete Overlay of Asphalt (as a non-structural wearing course)Hot In-place RecyclingCold In-place RecyclingRigid Pavement Treatments:Crack SealingJoint ResealingSpall RepairDowel Bar RetrofitCross Stitching (longitudinal cracks and joints)Partial Depth RepairFull Depth Repair (< 10% of repairs)Ultra-Thin Friction Course (generally ≤ 3/4 inch)Slab StabilizationSlab JackingDiamond GroovingDiamond GrindingThe following general guidance shall apply for Pavement Preservation projects:All Pavement Preservation projects should consider appropriate ways to maintain or enhance the current level of safety and accessibility.Isolated or obvious deficiencies must always be evaluated and addressed if cost effective.Safety enhancements are encouraged and included in projects where they are determined to be a cost- effective way to improve safety.Safety enhancements can be deferred and included within an operative safety management system or included in a future project in the STIP.In no way shall Pavement Preservation type projects adversely impact the safety of the traveled way or its users.The following technical guidance shall apply for Pavement Preservation projects:Use the appropriate Ride Specification on all applicable Pavement Preservation projects.Achieve a minimum ride quality as applicable, per Publication 408, Specifications, Section 404.4 or Section 507.4.Meet all Pavement Preservation geometric criteria per Publication 13M, Design Manual Part 2, Highway Design, Section 1.3.Correct pavement and/or shoulder edge drop-offs greater than 2 inches. See Section 5.12.D for additional information regarding Safety Edge.Provide pavement markings that are considered durable when conditions exist as described in Publication 46, Traffic Engineering Manual, Section 3.2, Pavement Markings.Update or replace all guide rail systems, barrier systems, end treatments, guide rail to bridge barrier approach transitions, and impact attenuating devices to be in working order and in compliance with current Department policy as described in Publication 13M, Design Manual Part 2, Highway Design.Replace any damaged signs in compliance with current Department policy.Address railroad crossings as per Publication 371, Grade Crossing Manual, Chapter 3, The Highway- Railroad Crossing Safety Project Process.Address Americans with Disabilities Act compliance in accordance with current Department policy as stated in Publication 13M, Design Manual Part 2, Highway Design, Chapter 6.As applicable, address bicycle and pedestrian traffic in accordance with guidance provided in Publication 10C, Design Manual Part 1C, Transportation Engineering Procedures.As applicable, restore existing or add centerline, edge line, or shoulder rumble strips in compliance with current Department policy (refer to Publication 72M, Roadway Construction Standards and Publication 638, District Highway Safety Guidance Manual).Address other appropriate safety-related items to the extent practical (e.g., pipe headwalls, non- breakaway signs, remove/relocate/shield/delineate vulnerable fixed objects within the clear zone, etc.). Refer to Publication 13M, Design Manual Part 2, Highway Design, Chapter 12 and AASHTO's current edition of the Roadside Design Guide.Evaluate crash history within the project limits to identify and address highway safety concerns.Projects must comply with FHWA's current edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices(MUTCD).Pavement Preservation projects will not do any of the following:Degrade existing safety features (e.g., reduction of guide rail height below minimum acceptable criteria).Increase the structural depth of the existing pavement to increase pavement life. First time overlay of concrete pavements must conform to appropriate minimum depths as outlined in Table 9.5 and Table 10.4 for the materials selected.Provide new capacity consisting of new travel lanes. However, essential operational improvements such as auxiliary lanes and extensions to acceleration and deceleration lanes may be considered where safety can be enhanced and congestion reduced at a reasonable cost. Such improvements must be submitted for approval at the Design Field View submission. Preservation projects may include operational enhancements for weaving/auxiliary lanes 3,000 feet or less provided the travel lanes adjacent to weaving/auxiliary lanes are being preserved and the travel lanes are being preserved for 10,000 contiguous feet (excluding bridges).DESIGN GUIDELINESThe Pavement Preservation activities listed below are shown to be cost-effective based upon data from PennDOT's Pavement Management System and thus do not require a pavement design. For exceptions to these guidelines that involve geometric and bridge issues, reference Publication 10C, Design Manual Part 1C, Transportation Engineering Procedures, Chapter 3, Section 3.4.C, Design Flexibility for design exception documentation and approval procedures. Pavement design related exceptions should be directed to HDTS. Thickness limitations do not include material required for slope correction.Flexible Pavements. Note: Overlay Projects on existing flexible pavements that exceed 2 inches will not be eligible for consideration as Pavement Preservation except as noted below.1 1/2 inches Superpave 9.5 mm mix or 2 inches Superpave 12.5 mm mix design overlay with maximum 1 inch scratch course as per Section 5.12.B. Apply leveling course as required to meet design cross section.Mill and Overlay to eliminate rutting or problematic materials; milling and overlay depths of 1 1/2 inches or 2 inches may be exceeded to remove and replace existing pavement to a depth necessary to correct a rutting problem or other identifiable material problems. Coring of existing pavement is required to determine required milling depth. Cores should be inspected to determine depth and integrity of existing pavement.Micro Surfacing, 6.3 mm thin overlay or Ultra-Thin Friction Course to improve skid resistance, ride quality, and/or rut filling. Such treatments must occur early in the maintenance cycle before advanced distresses emerge.Cold In-Place Recycling of base to a maximum depth of 4 inches, with a 1 1/2 inch (maximum) asphalt overlay with 60 pounds per square yard of scratch course.Ultra-Thin Bonded Concrete Overlay of Asphalt depth of 2 inches as a non-structural wearing course.Rigid Pavements. Note: Overlays with scratch (not including leveling) on existing concrete surfaces that exceed 4 1/2 inches when Superpave 9.5 mm Wearing Course mix is used or 5 inches when Superpave 12.5 mm Wearing Course mix is used are not eligible for consideration as Pavement Preservation and must follow 3R criteria. Leveling courses as required to meet minimum cross slope requirements will be permitted and will not be considered in the depth calculation. Projects requiring concrete patching exceeding 10% of the total pavement area will not be eligible as Pavement Preservation unless it can be shown that exceeding 10% is cost effective. All patching quantities will be determined prior to the Final Design Office Meeting and PS&E Submission. Patching quantities must include but are not limited to areas such as faulted joints, cracks, existing bituminous patches, failed concrete patches, and transverse/longitudinal spalls and cracks. The guidelines below also apply to mill and overlay projects.Concrete full depth patching and joint rehabilitation. Patching must include repair of all failed joints (Verified by Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) testing). Concrete pavement patching may be performed up to, but not exceeding, 10%, unless the cost effectiveness of exceeding 10% can be shown. If no bituminous overlay is proposed, the concrete patching project may require diamond grinding in order to achieve the intended smooth ride.Diamond grinding, or Micro Surfacing, or Ultra-Thin Friction Course, or 1.0 inch of 6.3mm thin asphalt overlay with slab stabilization, or slab jacking, or patching as allowed within this criteria to improve skid resistance and/or ride quality.1 1/2 inches of Superpave 9.5 mm mix design or 2 inches Superpave 12.5 mm mix design on 2 1/2 inches of Superpave 19.0 mm mix design overlay on an optional 1/2 inch maximum Superpave 9.5 mm mix design scratch course on concrete pavements.1 inch 6.3mm thin overlay, 1 1/2 inches of Superpave 9.5 mm mix design or 2 inches Superpave 12.5 mm mix design on Polymer- modified emulsified paving system (Micro Surfacing). This only applies for structurally sound pavements, as verified by FWD testing which indicate total patching percentages of less than 10%, and as indicated in the thin overlay guidelines in section 5.12 when the 6.3 mm thin asphalt overlay is used.Dowel Bar Retrofit or a combination of various Concrete Pavement Restoration (CPR) techniques.Sawing and sealing of transverse joints is recommended when concrete pavements are overlaid with asphalt pavements.Bridge Preservation. Whenever possible, include both bridge and roadway items on the project to minimize multiple impacts on the motoring public (refer to Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4, Structures, Section PP5.6.1, Bridge Preservation for a list of eligible activities).PROJECT SCOPING FIELD VIEWA Scoping Field View will be held to review the project and discuss specific issues concerning safety and pavement design alternatives. The minutes will be recorded and formalized by the District and will include a RMS pavement condition report and Pavement Type Selection submission. For more information on the Scoping Field View see Publication 10C, Design Manual Part 1C, Transportation Engineering Procedures, Chapter 2 and Publication 10B, Design Manual Part 1B, Post-TIP NEPA Procedures, Chapter 3.PAVEMENT TYPE SELECTION SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTSThe following items will be required as a minimum for Pavement Type Approval on Pavement Preservation projects. The intent of the requirements is to provide justification for the proposed work on a particular project. Provide:Scoping Field View documentation will be completed in the CE Expert System as per Publication 10B, Design Manual Part 1B, Post-TIP NEPA Procedures, Chapter 3.Existing pavement data including all maintenance surface treatments.International Roughness Index (IRI) and friction data.Description of all work to be performed on the project, such as extent and type of patching, depth of milling, extent of joint repairs, extent of joint sealing, type of shoulder work (if any), subsurface drainage, etc.Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test data (where appropriate).Geotechnical data may be required to support the appropriateness of slab stabilization as a Pavement Preservation treatment.A copy of Form D-4332.Any unique pavement/materials-related special provisions should also be included in the submission.Submit all of the above information from the District Executive or the Assistant District Executive of Design with a formal PennDOT Pavement Type Selection Memo to HDTS requesting approval. See Chapter 6 for additional information regarding pavement design submission and approval requirements.BRIDGE SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTSThe following items are required in a submission to provide sufficient justification for the chosen treatments:A copy of the "IM" screen from BMS2. Provide the proposed maintenance activities associated with each bridge. Also provide completed maintenance activities that were eligible preservation activities per Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4, Structures, Section PP5.6.1 in the last 10 years.A brief scope of work describing the eligible preservation activities that will be performed. Eligible preservation activities are listed in Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4, Structures, Section PP5.6.1. Also, clarify if the preservation activity improves a structurally deficient bridge to be classified as non-structurally deficient. The scope of work should be consistent with the Department's long range plan that is utilized for a Risk Assessment for PennDOT-Owned Bridges and Culverts, and Local Bridges and Culverts.INTENTIONALLY BLANK100% STATE FUNDED PAVEMENT PRESERVATION GUIDELINESFor 100% State funded projects, follow the Federal-aid Guidelines, with the following exceptions:Federal-aid SectionAdditions and Modifications Applicable to 100% State Funded Projects12.1For certain projects, it may be necessary to deviate from some of these Pavement Preservation Guidelines with proper coordination with HDTS. When hazardous or rapidly deteriorating conditions necessitate a project as an interim measure, some of these criteria may be waived, including the requirement indicated in Section 12.2.B.6. Pavement type submissions for these interim measures, when conditions warrant, should include the program year, estimated project cost, and section number if they are available for the future rehabilitation or reconstruction project.12.2.B.2The IRI < 95 criteria may be waived for overlays of hazardous sections, as described above.12.3.BThe 4-inch depth minimum requirement for overlays on rigid pavements may be waived for overlays of hazardous sections, as described above. However, no overlay less than 1 1/2 inches may be placed directly on the rigid pavements, unless a 1.0 inch thick 6.3 mm thin asphalt overlay is used.INTENTIONALLY BLANKCHAPTER 12, APPENDIX AFHWA PAVEMENT PRESERVATION MEMORANDUMBLANK PAGE ................
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