Chapter 1



Section 2

The Battle of San Jacinto

General Urrea Marches North

While Santa Anna battled Texans at the Alamo…

General José Urrea…

o Took the Atascosito Road

o Defeated Texans under Colonel Francis Johnson at San Patricio

(Johnson and four men escaped)

o Defeated Dr. James Grant’s troops

(six Texans escaped)

Fighting at Refugio

Urrea continued to Goliad…

Defended by James Fannin and 300 revolutionaries…

▪ Travis sent a letter to Fannin asking for reinforcements…

• Fannin and men set out…wagon broke down…supplies ran short

▪ Fannin sent Captain Amon B. King to Refugio with 30 soldiers to help civilians to safety…

• Urrea arrived… Fannin ordered Lt. Col. William Ward and 100 men to help…

• Urrea discovered them…killed or captured all of them…sent to Goliad

Battle of Coleto

March 14th – Fannin received orders from Sam Houston to retreat to Victoria {too late to help at the Alamo…General Urrea too close}

…Fannin remained at Goliad until March 19th…waiting for word from King and Ward…

Finally began retreat…

At Coleto Creek…Fannin was surrounded by Urrea as he let his men rest…

o Fannin and 300 men were outnumbered…held of Urrea’s attack for a day

o Urrea received reinforcements…Fannin force to surrender on March 20

o Texas soldiers were taken captive…

Remember Goliad

Fannin signed an unconditional surrender…Urrea told him his troops would not be executed…

▪ Many men were recent arrivals to Texas…expected to be sent back to the United States because they surrendered

Santa Anna ordered all captives be shot…

March 27th…

…3 columns of men were marched out

…guards begin shooting

…some escaped

…others, including Fannin were executed later

Sam Houston Assumes Command

Sam Houston had been named commander of the Texas army by the first Consultation

▪ Frustrated when commanders did not follow orders

o Fannin, Travis, Neill

▪ Returned to East Texas to negotiate a treaty with the Cherokees

o Cherokee leaders agreed to remain peaceful so the Texans would not have to fight Native Americans and Mexican…in return the Cherokees would receive title to their lands

▪ Houston was reappointed commander of the Texas army by the second Consultation in March, 1836

o Arrived at Gonzales…374 men gathered to join the defenders of the Alamo…lack of leadership caused them to remain at Gonzales…

o “Deaf” Smith was sent on a scouting expedition…returned with Susannah Dickinson, daughter, and Travis’ slave…told of the fate of the Alamo

Texans wanted REVENGE…

Houston realized men were not ready to fight…

o abandoned and burned Gonzales

o moved east to the plantation of Jared Groce

(trained for two weeks)

Runaway Scrape

Settlers of Gonzales abandoned homes and fled to the east… [Nacogdoches…Galveston Island…Louisiana]…feared Santa Anna intended to kill all Anglo Americans in Texas {heard of the massacres at Goliad and the Alamo} “Runaway Scrape”

Santa Anna Closes In

After the Alamo…Santa Anna regrouped his troops…divided army…

o Forces under General Antonio Gaona were sent to Nacogdoches

{soon ordered to rejoin Santa Anna}

o Santa Anna followed Houston’s army

Mexican Army short on supplies and ammunition by April, 1836

o Few towns

o Houston was burning field and houses on his retreat from Gonzales

Santa Anna moved away from the slow-moving army with 700 men…captured Harrisburg {headquarters of the temporary Texas government}

…followed leaders to the south…saw them leave on a boat headed to Galveston…returned north April 20th…HOUSTON WAS WAITING…

Battle of San Jacinto

Afternoon of April 20th…skirmish (brief fight among a small number of troops) between Mexican army and the Texas cavalry (soldiers mounted on horseback)

***Houston…800 troops ***Santa Anna…1,300 troops

Houston ordered Deaf Smith

to burn Vince’s Bridge

…prevent Mexican army

From retreating

Mexican army expected the battle to occur the next morning…resting at 3:00 on the afternoon of April 21st…

***Mexican leaders were unprepared for attack …confusion and chaos

…battle lasted 18 minutes

…continued to capture Mexican soldiers until dark

Texans…9 deaths, 23 wounded

Mexicans…630 deaths…730 captured…including Santa Anna {disguised as a private…hiding in a barn}

Houston wounded in the leg… “Man of Destiny”

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