CHAPTER 1



CHAPTER 1

ORIENTATION TO SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY | |No Chapter on this Topic | | |

|HISTORY OF SURGERY |3 |HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF SURGICAL SUTURES (Ch. 6) |187 |

|SURGERY TODAY |4 | | |

|Surgical Specialties |5 | | |

|HISTORY OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY |6 | | |

|FIELD OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY |8 | | |

| Working Conditions |8 | | |

| Personal Characteristics |8 | | |

|Surgical Team Members |8 | | |

|Surgical Technology Education and Certification |10 | | |

|THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGISTAS A PROFESSIONAL |11 | | |

|Professionalism |11 | | |

|Surgical Technologist’s Lifestyle |12 | | |

|Job Descriptions for the Surgical Technologist |13 | | |

|Career Opportunities |13 | | |

|HEALTH CARE FACILITIES |14 | | |

|Hospital Organization |15 | | |

|Hospital Departments and Interdepartmental |17 | | |

|Communication | | | |

|Financial Considerations and Reimbursement |19 | | |

|Organizations Related to Hospitals, Health Care, and |20 | | |

|Surgical Services | | | |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 2 | |No Chapter on this Topic | |

|STANDARDS OF CONDUCT | | | |

|LEGAL ISSUES |23 | | |

|Definitions of General Legal Terms |23 | | |

|Definitions of Traditional Principles |24 | | |

|Torts |25 | | |

|Consent for Surgery: A Basic Right |27 |Protecting Patients’ Rights (Ch.2) |23 |

|Documentation |29 |Clinical Documentation (Ch. 2) |27 |

|Event/Incident Reports |30 |Box 2-4. Incident Reports (ch.2) |28 |

|Advance Directives |30 | | |

|ETHICAL AND MORAL ISSUES |30 | | |

|Moral Principles |31 | | |

|Bioethics |31 | | |

|AHA Patient’s Bill of Rights |31 |Legal and Ethical Mandates (Ch. 10) |297 |

|Elements of Ethical Decision Making |32 | | |

|Professional Codes of Conduct |34 | | |

|Surgical Conscience |34 | | |

|SCOPE OF PRACTICE |34 | | |

|Job Descriptions and Competencies |35 | | |

|Credentialing |36 | | |

|Accreditation |36 | | |

|Core Curricula for Surgical Technology and Surgical |36 | | |

|Assisting | | | |

|Career Development |36 | | |

|Clinical Ladder Program |37 | | |

|RISK MANAGEMENT AND LIABILITY |38 | | |

|Medical Errors |38 | | |

|Safe Medical Device Act |39 | | |

|Malpractice Insurance |39 | | |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 3 | |No Chapter on this Topic | |

|THE SURGICAL PATIENT. | | | |

|THE STSR AND THE SURGICAL PATIENT |43 | | |

|PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND SPIRITUAL NEEDS OF|43 | | |

|THE SURGICAL PATIENT | | | |

|Understanding the Surgical Patient |44 | | |

|Causes of Surgical Intervention |44 | | |

|The Surgical Patient, a Human Being |44 | | |

|Prioritizing Needs-Maslow’s Hierachy |45 | | |

|Life Stage Development: Select Basic Concepts |46 | | |

|Cultural and Religious Influences |49 | | |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 4 | |CAPTER 29 PEDIATRIC SURGERY | |

|SPECIAL POPULATIONS | |CHAPTER 30 GERIATRIC SURGERY | |

| | |CHAPTER 31 TRAUMA SURGERY | |

|INTRODUCTION |57 | | |

|PEDIATRIC PATIENTS |57 |PERIOPERAIVE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS (Ch. 29) |1211 |

|Monitoring the Pediatric Patient |59 | | |

|Shock |60 | | |

|Fluids and Electrolytes |60 | | |

|Infection |61 | | |

|Metabolic and Nutritional Responses |61 | | |

|Trauma |61 |Child Abuse (Ch. 29) |1212 |

| | |TRAUMA (Ch. 29) |1263 |

|PATIENTS WITH OBESITY |62 | | |

|Review of Surgical Considerations |64 | | |

|Specific Considerations of Bariatric Surgery |64 | | |

|PATIENTS WITH DIABETES |64 | | |

|Complications Associated with Diabetes |65 | | |

|Care of the Patient with Diabetes in Surgery |66 | | |

|PREGNANT PATIENTS |66 | | |

|Considerations when Caring for Pregnant Patients |67 | | |

|Anesthesia |67 | | |

|Intraoperative Considerations for the Surgical |67 | | |

|Technologist | | | |

|IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS |68 | | |

|Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |68 | | |

|Considerations for the Surgical Team Members |68 | | |

|PATIENTS WITH DISABILITIES |69 | | |

|GERIATRIC PATIENTS |69 |CHAPTER 30 GERIATRIC SURGERY |1295 |

|TRAUMA PATIENTS |71 |CHAPTER 31 TRAUMA SURGERY |1317 |

|THE “GOLDEN HOUR” AND TRAUMA PATIENTS |71 |CHAPTER 31 TRAUMA SURGERY |1317 |

|KINEMATICS |71 |Preliminary Evaluation: Mechanism of Injury (Ch. 31) |1319 |

|Blunt Trauma |71 |Preliminary Evaluation: Mechanism of Injury (Ch. 31) |1321 |

|Penetrating Trauma |72 |Preliminary Evaluation: Mechanism of Injury (Ch. 31) |1322 |

|TRAUMA SCORING |72 |Preliminary Evaluation: Mechanism of Injury (Ch. 31) |1323 |

|CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST |72 |Multiple Operative Procedures (Ch. 31) |1334 |

|Preservation of Evidence |72 |Evidence Preservation (Ch. 31) |1336 |

|Hypothermia |73 |Hypothermia (Ch. 31) |1338 |

|Infection |73 |Increased Risk for Infection (Ch. 31) |1334 |

|PREPARATION OF THE CASE |73 |Procedure Preparation (Ch. 31) |1334 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 5 | |CHAPTER 2 PATIENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY | |

|PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY STANDARDS | |CHAPER 4 INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL | |

| | |CHAPTER 3 SURGICAL MODALITIES | |

|PHYSICAL DESIGN OF THE SURGERY DEPARTMENT |77 |Physical Plant Design Elements (Ch.2) |18 |

|Areas of the OR |78 |Traffic Control (Ch. 4) |134 |

|Physical Components of the Operative Suite |79 |Physical Plant Design Elements (Ch. 2) |18 |

| | |ENGINEERING PRACTICES TO CONTROL INFECTION (Ch. 4) |111 |

|Substerile Area |83 |Environment of Care (Ch. 4) |112 |

|Direct Support Services |83 | | |

|HAZARDS AND REGULATORY AGENCIES |85 | | |

|SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |86 | | |

|Air-Handling System |86 |Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning (Ch. 4) |112 |

|Surgical Lights |86 | | |

|Noise in the Operating Room |86 | | |

|Ergonomics and Safety Considerations |86 | | |

|Fire Hazards and Safety |87 |Electrical and Fire Hazards (Ch. 2) |19 |

| | |Fire Safety (Ch. 3) |80 |

|Electrical Hazards |88 |Electrical and Fire Hazards (Ch. 2) |19 |

|Ionizing Radiation |89 |Radiation Safety (Ch. 2) |21 |

|BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |90 | | |

|Universal Precautions |90 |Universal Precautions (Ch. 4) |106 |

|Standard Precautions |90 |Standard Precautions (Ch. 4) |108 |

|Laser and Electrosurgical Plume |93 |Smoke Evacuation (Ch. 3) |82 |

|Latex Allergy |94 |Latex Allergy (Ch. 2) |21 |

|CHEMICAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |94 | | |

|Waste Anesthetic Gases |94 |OPERATING ROOM POLLUTION |250 |

| | |(Ch. 7) | |

|Methyl Methacrylate |95 |Polymethyl Methacrylate (Ch. 22) |840 |

|Formalin |95 |Care and Handling of Specimens ( Ch. 4) |36 |

|Ethylene Oxide |95 |Ethylene Oxide (Ch. 4) |124 |

|Glutaraldehyde |95 | | |

|CHAPTER 6 | |No Chapter on this Topic | |

|BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE | | | |

|INTRODUCTION |99 | | |

|COMPUTERS |99 | | |

|Surgical Applications |99 | | |

|Hardware |100 | | |

|Software |103 | | |

|Word Processing |104 | | |

|Graphics |105 | | |

|Internet Basics |106 | | |

|ELECTRICITY |107 | | |

|Surgical Applications |107 | | |

|Basic Principles of Electricity |108 | | |

|PHYSICS |112 | | |

|Medical and Surgical Applications |112 | | |

|Mechanics |113 | | |

|Nuclear Physics |122 | | |

|Gravity |122 | | |

|SURGICAL ROBOTS |122 | | |

|Terminology |123 | | |

|Design |123 |Robotics (Ch.3) |65 |

|Remote Manipulation |124 | | |

|Geometry |124 | | |

|Hearing and Vision |125 | | |

|Decontamination and Sterilization of Robotic Components|125 | | |

|Clinical Applications |125 | | |

|THE OR OF THE FUTURE |125 | | |

|Surgical Planning and Rehearsal |125 | | |

|Surface-Based Registration |126 | | |

|ROLE OF THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST |126 | | |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 7 | |CHAPTER 4 INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL | |

|ASEPSIS AND STERILE TECHNIQUE | | | |

|HISTORY OF STERILIZATION |130 |CHAPTER 4 INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL |97 |

|BASIC TERMINOLOGY |131 |Box 4-1. Definition of Terms |99 |

|PATHOGENS AND INFECTION |131 |Microorganisms That Cause Infection |98 |

|Infection |131 |Box 4-1. Definition of Terms |99 |

|Pathogens Associated with Surgical Site Infection |132 |Microorganisms that Cause Infection |98 |

|Methods of Transmission |135 |CONTROLLING INFECTION IN THE PERIOPERATIVE ARENA |106 |

|PRINCIPLES OF ASEPSIS |138 |Surgical Aseptic Principles |131 |

|Principle 1: Sterile Field |138 |Surgical Aseptic Principles |131 |

|Principle 2: Sterile Team Member Attire |139 |Surgical Aseptic Principles |131 |

|Principle 3: Movement in and around Sterile Field |140 |Surgical Aseptic Principles |131 |

| | |Traffic Control |134 |

|SURGICAL CONSCIENCE |140 | | |

|CLEANING, DISINFECTION, AND STERILIZATION |141 |Operating Room Environmental Cleaning |151 |

|Cleaning and Disinfection |142 |Disinfection |127 |

| | |Presterilization Procedure |113 |

| | |Operating Room Environmental Cleaning |151 |

|Disinfectant and Disinfectant/Sterilant Agents |147 |Types of Disinfectants |127 |

| | |Disinfection of Endscopes |128 |

|INSTRUMENT PREPARATION AND WRAPPING FOR STERILIZATION |151 |Presterilization Procedure |113 |

|Instruments |151 |Presterilization Procedure |113 |

|Specific Procedural Trays |151 | | |

|Instrument Sets |151 |Packaging and Sterilizer Loading |116 |

|PACKAGING FOR STERILIZATION AND STORAGE |152 |Packaging and Sterilizer Loading |116 |

|Performance Standards of Packaging Material |152 |Packaging and Sterilizer Loading |116 |

|Performance Characteristics |152 |Packaging and Sterilizer Loading |116 |

|Types of Packaging Materials |153 |Packaging and Sterilizer Loading |116 |

|General Principles of Packaging |155 |Packaging and Sterilizer Loading |116 |

|Sterilization |158 |Work Practices to Control Infection |112 |

|Requirements and Essential Factors |159 |Work Practices to Control Infection |112 |

|Basic Components of a Steam Sterilizer |160 |Work Practices to Control Infection |112 |

|GAS STERILIZATION |163 |Chemical Sterilization |121 |

|Ethylene Oxide |163 |Chemical Sterilization |123 |

|Alternative Gas Sterilization Methods |164 |Chemical Sterilization |123 |

|LIQUID CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCESSES |165 |Chemical Sterilization |124 |

|IONIZING RADIATION |165 | | |

|METHODS OF MONITORING THE STERILIZATION PROCESS |165 |Work Practices to Control Infection |119 |

|Mechanical Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |165 |Work Practices to Control Infection |119 |

|Process | | | |

|Chemical Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |166 |Work Practices to Control Infection |119 |

|Process | | | |

|Biological Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |166 |Work Practices to Control Infection |119 |

|Process | | | |

|Bowie-Dick Test |167 |Work Practices to Control Infection |120 |

|EVENT-RELATED STERILITY |167 |Operating Room Environmental Cleaning |151 |

|Environmental Decontamination |168 |Operating Room Environmental Cleaning |151 |

|Environmental Services |168 |Operating Room Environmental Cleaning |151 |

|Case by Case |168 |Operating Room Environmental Cleaning |151 |

|Daily |168 |Operating Room Environmental Cleaning |151 |

|CHAPTER 8 | |FOUND THROUGHOUT UNIT 1 FOUNDATIONS FOR PRACTICE | |

|GENERAL PATIENT CARE AND SAFETY | | | |

|PREOPERATIVE PATIENT ROUTINES |172 |General Patient Safety Measures (Ch. 2) |24 |

| | |Admission of the Patient to the Operating Room (Ch.2)|25 |

| | |ASSESSMENT (Ch. 10) | |

| | | |299 |

|Surgical Consent |173 |Protecting Patient Rights (Ch. 2) |23 |

|Preoperative Education |175 |ASSESSMENT (Ch. 10) |299 |

|Patient Possessions |175 |Admission of the Patient to the Operating Room (Ch.2)|27 |

|Evening/Morning before Surgery |176 |Admission of the Patient to the Operating Room (Ch.2)|25 |

|Diet |177 |Admission of the Patient to the Operating Room (Ch.2)|27 |

|Makeup and Dress |177 | | |

|Call to Operating Room |177 | | |

|Family Visit |177 | | |

|Patient Identification |177 |Admission of the Patient to the Operating Room (Ch.2)|25 |

|Transportation |178 |Implementation (Ch. 5) |172 |

|TRANSFER AND POSITIONING |179 |Implementation (Ch. 5) |172 |

|BASIC POSITIONING FOR SURGERY |180 | | |

|Supine Position |181 |Supine (Ch. 5) |176 |

|Trendelenburg Position |183 |Trendelenburg (Ch. 5) |176 |

|Reverse Trendelenburg Position |184 |Reverse Trendelenburg (Ch. 5) |177 |

|Fowler’s Position and Sitting Position |184 |Semi-Fowler (Ch. 5) |180 |

| | |Fowler (Ch. 5) |181 |

|Lithotomy Position |185 |Lithotomy (Ch. 5) |178 |

|Prone Position |186 |Prone (Ch. 5) |181 |

|Kraske (Jackknife Position) |188 |Jackknife (Ch. 5) |182 |

|Lateral Position |189 |Lateral (Ch. 5) |183 |

|Kidney Position |190 |Lateral Kidney (Ch. 5) |184 |

|Sim’s Position |191 | | |

|THERMOREGULATORY DEVICES |191 |Maintainin Normotheria In The Surgical Patient (Ch. |35 |

| | |2) | |

| | |TERMPERATURE CONTROL (Ch. 7) |247 |

|VITAL SIGNS |192 |PERIOPERATIVE MONITORING |225 |

| | |(Ch. 7) | |

|Temperature |192 |TEMPERATURE CONTROL (Ch. 7) |247 |

|Pulse |193 |Pulse Oximetry (Ch. 7) |227 |

|Respiration |194 |Capnography (Ch. 7) |228 |

|Blood Pressure |196 | | |

|URINARY CATHETERIZATION |199 |Urethral and Ureteral Catheters (Ch. 7) |530 |

|Indications |200 |Urethral and Ureteral Catheters (Ch. 7) |530 |

|Procedure |200 |Urethral and Ureteral Catheters (Ch. 7) |530 |

|Considerations |200 |Urethral and Ureteral Catheters (Ch. 7) |530 |

|SKIN PREPARATION |202 |Patient Skin Disinfection and Preparation |147 |

| | |Ch. 4) | |

|Skin Preparation Setup |203 |Patient Skin Disinfection and Preparation |147 |

| | |Ch. 4) | |

|Skin Marking |206 | | |

|HEMOSTASIS AND BLOOD REPLACEMENT |206 |HEMOSTASIS (Ch. 6) |195 |

|Factors Affecting Hemostasis |207 | | |

|Control of Bleeding during Surgery |207 |HEMOSTASIS (Ch. 6) |195 |

|Mechanical Methods |207 |HEMOSTASIS (Ch. 6) |195 |

|THERMAL HEMOSTASIS |209 |HEMOSTASIS (Ch. 6) |195 |

|PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS |209 | | |

|Blood Loss |210 |Estimating Blood Loss (Ch. 2) |33 |

|Blood Replacement |210 |Handling Blood and Blood Products |34 |

| | |(Ch. 2) | |

|Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions |211 | | |

|CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION |211 |Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Ch. 2) |39 |

|Cardiac Arrest in the Surgical Setting |212 |Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Ch. 2) |39 |

|MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA |213 |Malignant Hyperthermia (Ch. 2) |39 |

| | |MALIGNANT HYPOTHERMIA |247 |

| | |(Ch. 10) | |

|Prevention |213 |MALIGNANT HYPOTHERMIA |247 |

| | |(Ch. 10) | |

|Treatment |213 |MALIGNANT HYPOTHERMIA |247 |

| | |(Ch. 10) | |

|EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES |213 | | |

|INDICATIONS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS |214 | | |

|OBJECTIVES AND PRIORITIES IN ERMERGENCY SITUATIONS |214 | | |

|Syncope |214 | | |

|Convulsions/Seizures |215 | | |

|Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions |211 | | |

|Clinical Manifestations of Impending Cardiac Arrest |216 | | |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 9 | |CHAPTER 7 ANESTHESIA | |

|SURGICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND ANESTHESIA | |(Also Ch. 8 and 32) | |

| | |Pharmacology (medications) is found under specific | |

| | |surgeries. | |

|PHARMACOLOGY |219 | | |

|Drug Sources |219 | | |

|Drug Forms |220 | | |

|Drug Nomenclature |220 | | |

|Route of Administration |221 | | |

|Drug Classifications |221 | | |

|Pharmacokinetics |221 | | |

|Pharmacodynamics |222 | | |

|DRUG-HANDLING TECHNIQUES |223 | | |

|Medication Identification |223 | | |

|Supplies for Medication Handling |225 | | |

|Transfer of a Medication to the Sterile Field |225 | | |

|Medications Commonly Used in the Operating Room |226 | | |

|HISTORY OF MODERN ANESTHESIA |229 |HISTORY OF ANESTHESIA |219 |

|METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF ANESTHETIC ADMINISTRATION |231 |PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION |222 |

|GENERAL ANESTHESIA |231 |GENERAL ANESTHESIA |230 |

|Depth of General Anesthesia |231 |Levels of General Anesthesia |231 |

|Phases of General Anesthesia |232 |Phases of General Anesthesia |231 |

|Advantages of General Anesthesia |232 | | |

|Risks and Complications Associated with General |232 |Typical Sequence of General Anesthesia |239 |

|Anesthesia | | | |

|Anesthetic Agents |235 |Types of General Anesthesia |231 |

|Adjuncts to General Anesthesia |240 |Levels of General Anesthesia |231 |

|Anesthesia Equipment |241 |PERIOPERATIVE MONITORING |225 |

| | |ANESTHETIC MACHINES AND ANESTHETIC GASES |228 |

| | |TEMPERATURE CONTROL | |

| | | |247 |

|NERVE CONDUCTION BLOCKADE |244 |TYPS OF ANESTHESIA ARE |225 |

|Nerve Conduction Blocking Agents |244 | | |

|Topical Anesthesia |246 | | |

|Local Anesthesia |246 |Local Anesthesia |245 |

|Regional Anesthesia |246 |Regional Anesthesia |239 |

|NONTRADITIONAL ANESTHESIA OPTIONS |249 |Perioperative Medical Hypnotherapy |1361 |

| | |(Ch. 32) | |

|TEAM MEMBER ROLES DURING ANESTHESIA ADMINISTRATION |249 | | |

|Preoperative Visits |250 |PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION |222 |

|Preoperative Routine-All Types of Anesthesia |250 |PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION |222 |

|Postanesthesia Care |253 |PERIANESHTESIA CONSIDERATIONS (Ch. 8) |253 |

|CHAPTER 10 | |CHAPTER 3 SURGICAL MODALITIES | |

|INSTRUMENTATION, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES | |CHAPTER 6 SUTURES, NEEDLES AND INSTRUMENTS | |

| | |and Chapters 4, 9, 15, 22, 25, 32 | |

|INSTRUMENTATION |259 |Composition of Surgical Instruments |205 |

| | |(Ch. 6) | |

|Classifications |259 |Instrument Catagories (Ch. 6) |206 |

|Instrument Care and Handling |264 |Care and Handling of Instruments (Ch. 6) |215 |

|Types of Instrument Sets |265 | | |

|SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT |269 | | |

|Endoscopes |269 |Endoscopes (Ch. 3) |42 |

| | |Endoscopic Instrumentation (Ch. 6) |211 |

|Power Tools |270 |Powered Surgical Instruments (Ch. 32) |840 |

|Lasers |270 |Laser (Ch. 3) |69 |

|Microscopes |273 |Operating Microscopes (Ch. 18) |676 |

|Video Monitors, Recorders, and Cameras |273 |VIDEO TECHNOLOGY (Ch. 3) |57 |

|Fiber-optic Headlamps and Light Sources |274 | | |

|Irrigation/Aspiration Units |274 |Hydrodissection and Irrigation (Ch. 3) |94 |

|Cryotherapy Units |274 |CryoSurgery (Ch. 3) |95 |

|Insufflators |274 |INSUFFLATIN (Ch. 3) |67 |

|Nerve Stimulators |274 | | |

|ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT |275 | | |

|Suction Systems |275 | | |

|Electrosurgical Unit |275 |Electosurgery (Ch. 3) |87 |

|Lights |278 | | |

|Pneumatic Tourniquets |279 |Pneumatic Tourniquets (Ch. 22) |835 |

|Sequential Compression Devices |280 |Application of Sequential Compression Devices (Ch. |404 |

| | |12) | |

|SUPPLIES |280 | | |

|Drapes |280 |Creating the Sterile Field with Surgical Drapes (Ch. |148 |

| | |4) | |

|Sterile Packs |282 | | |

|Sponges and Dressings |282 |Dressings (Ch. 9) |292 |

|Catheters, Tubes, and Drains |285 |Drains (Ch. 9) |295 |

| | |Urethral and Ureteral Catheters (Ch. 15) |530 |

| | |Chest Drainage Systems (Ch. 25) |1054 |

|Nonsuture Needles |288 | | |

|Irrigators and Syringes |289 | | |

|CHAPTER 11 | |CHAPTER 6 SUTURES, NEEDLES AND INSTRUMENTS | |

|WOUND HEALING, SUTURES, NEEDLES, AND STAPLING DEVICES | |CHAPTER 9 WOUND HEALING, DRESSINGS, AND DRAINS | |

|INTRODUCTION |292 |CH. 9 WOUND HEALING, DRESSINGS, AND DRAINS |281 |

|TYPES OF WOUNDS |292 |ETIOLOGY OF WOUNDS (Ch. 9) |281 |

|Surgical Wound |292 |WOUND CLASSIFICATION (Ch. 9) |287 |

|Traumatic Wound |293 |WOUND CLASSIFICATION (Ch. 9) |287 |

|Chronic Wound |294 | | |

|INFLAMMATORY PROCESS |294 | | |

|TYPES OF WOUND HEALING |294 |ETIOLOGY OF WOUNDS (Ch. 9) |281 |

| | |TYPES OF WOUND CLOSURE | |

|First Intention (Primary Union) |294 |Primary Intention (Ch.9) |281 |

|Phases of Wound Healing by First Intention |295 |PHASES OF HEALING (Ch. 9) |282 |

|Second Intention (Granulation) |295 |Second Intention (Granulation) (Ch. 9) |282 |

|Third Intention (Delayed Primary Closure) |295 |Delayed Primary Closure, or Tertiary Intention (Ch. |282 |

| | |9) | |

|FACTORS INFLUENCING WOUND HEALING |295 |FACTORS AFFECTING WOUND HEALING (Ch. 9) |285 |

|COMPLICATIONS OF THE HEALING WOUND |296 |FACTORS AFFECTING WOUND HEALING (Ch. 9) |285 |

|Intraoperative Wound Care |297 |ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS |288 |

| | |(Ch. 9) | |

|Postoperative Wound Care |298 |WOUND MANAGEMENT (Ch. 9) |291 |

| | |DRESSINGS |292 |

| | |DRAINS |295 |

|SUTURE |298 |CH. 6 SUTURES, NEEDLES AND INSTRUMENTS |187 |

|History |298 |HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF SURGICAL SUTURES (Ch. 6) |187 |

|Types of Suture Material |299 |SUTURE MATERIALS (Ch. 6) |188 |

|Suture Sizes |300 | | |

|General Factors Affecting Choice of Suture |300 |Selection of Suture (Ch. 6) |195 |

|Characteristics of Common Sutures |300 |Characteristics of Suture Material (Ch. 6) |189 |

|Packaging of Suture |303 |PACKAGING, STORAGE, AND SELECTION OF SUTURES (Ch. 6) |194 |

|Ligatures |303 |Methods of Ligating Vessels (Ch. 6) |195 |

|Ligating Methods |303 |Methods of Ligating Vessels (Ch. 6) |195 |

|Suture for the Procedure |304 |PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS (Ch. 6) |202 |

|Layer Closure |305 | | |

|Endoscopic Suture |307 |Endoscopic Suturing(Ch. 6) |202 |

|Suturing Techniques |307 |SUTURING METHODS (Ch. 6) |199 |

|Accessory Devices |309 |SKIN TAPES (Ch. 60 |196 |

|STAPLING DEVICES |310 |SKIN STAPLES (Ch. 6) |196 |

|Types of Staplers |312 |SKIN STAPLES (Ch. 6) |196 |

|Meshes or Fabrics |313 | | |

|NEEDLES |314 |SURGICAL NEEDLES (Ch. 6) |196 |

|Needle Eye |314 |Eye (Ch. 6) |196 |

|Needle Point |315 |Body (Ch. 6) |198 |

|Needle Bodies |315 |Body (Ch. 6) |198 |

|CHAPTER 12 | |No chapter on this subject, but some topics are | |

|SURGICAL CASE MANAGEMENT | |covered in various chapters. | |

|INTRODUCTION |318 | | |

|Applied Theory |319 |CONTROLLING INFECTION IN THE PERIOPERATIVE ARENA (Ch.|106 |

| | |4) | |

|PREOPERATIVE CASE MANAGEMENT |323 | | |

|Attire |323 |Surgical Attire (Ch. 4) |134 |

|Preparing the OR |327 |ASEPTIC PRACTICES TO CONTROL INFECTION (Ch. 4) |131 |

|ORGANIZING THE BACK TABLE |341 |Basic Table Set-Ups (Ch. 6) |214 |

|Organizing the Mayo Stand |346 |Basic Table Set-Ups (Ch. 6) |215 |

|Assisting a Team Member |346 |Assisted-Gowning Procedure (Ch. 4) |143 |

|Draping the Surgical Patient |346 |Creating the Sterile Field with Surgical Drapes (Ch. |148 |

| | |4) | |

|Positioning of the Sterile Team Members and the |353 | | |

|Furniture | | | |

|INTRAOPERATIVE CASE MANAGEMENT |353 | | |

|General Principles |353 |Sponge, Sharp, and Instrument Counts (Ch. 2) |36 |

|Progression of the Surgical Procedure |361 | | |

|POSTOPERATIVE CASE MANAGEMENT |363 | | |

|Preservation of the Sterile Field |363 | | |

|Drape Removal |363 | | |

|Gown and Glove Removal |364 |Removing Soiled, Gown, Gloves, and Mask (Ch. 4) |146 |

|Immediate Postoperative Care |364 | | |

|Patient Transfer and Transportation |364 | | |

|Breakdown of the Setup |365 | | |

|The Operating Room Cycle |365 | | |

|The Instrument Cycle |366 | | |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 13 | |No specific chapter on this topic. Diagnostic | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | |procedures can be found in the Perioperative Nursing | |

| | |Considerations section under specific surgeries. | |

|SOURCES OF PATIENT DATA |371 | | |

|History and Physical Examination |371 | | |

|Diagnostic Imaging |371 | | |

|Laboratory Reports |378 | | |

|Electrodiagnostic Studies |381 | | |

|Pulmonary Diagnosis |382 | | |

|Endoscopy |383 | | |

|Plethysmography and Phleborheography |383 | | |

|INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY |383 | | |

|CHAPTER 14 | |CHAPTER 11 GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY | |

|GENERAL SURGERY | |CHAPTER 12 SURGERY OF THE LIVER, BILIARY TRACT, AND | |

| | |SPLEEN | |

| | |CHAPTER 13 REPAIR OF HERNIAS | |

| | |CHAPTER 17 BREAST SURGERY | |

| | |CHAPTER 26 VASCULAR SURGERY | |

| | |CHAPTER 16 THYROID AND PARATHYROID SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY |386 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 11) |329 |

| | |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 12) |395 |

|Abdominal Cavity: General Dimensions |386 | | |

|Surface Features |386 | | |

|Abdominal Musculature |387 | | |

|Peritoneum |387 | | |

|Retroperitoneum |388 | | |

|Alimentary Canal |388 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 11) |329 |

|Esophagus |388 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 11) |329 |

|Stomach |389 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 11) |329 |

|Small Intestine |390 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 11) |330 |

|Mesentery |391 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 11) |333 |

|Colon |391 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 11) |334 |

|Rectum |393 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 11) |335 |

|Anus |393 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 11) |335 |

|Omenta |394 | | |

|Pancreas |394 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 12) |399 |

|Spleen |395 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 12) |399 |

|Liver |395 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 12) |396 |

|Biliary Tract |396 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 12) |399 |

|GENERAL SURGERY INSTRUMENTATION |397 | | |

|Major Set |397 |IMPLEMENTATION (Ch. 11) |344 |

|Minor Set |397 |IMPLEMENTATION (Ch. 11) |344 |

|Local Excision Instruments |399 | | |

|Biliary Instruments |399 |Instrumentation (Ch. 12) |405 |

|Intestinal Instruments |400 |IMPLEMENTATION (Ch. 11) |344 |

|Other General Instruments |400 |IMPLEMENTATION (Ch. 11) |344 |

|ROOM SETUP |400 | | |

|POSITIONING |400 |IMPLEMENTATION (Ch. 11) |344 |

| | |Positioning the Patient (Ch. 12) |404 |

|DRAPING |400 |IMPLEMENTATION (Ch. 11) |344 |

| | |Draping the Patient (Ch. 12) |405 |

|INCISIONS |402 |ABDOMINAL INCISIONS (Ch. 11) |350 |

|SURGERY OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL: HERNIAS |404 |CH. 13 REPAIR OF HERNIAS |433 |

|Specific Anatomic Features of the Groin Area |404 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 13) |433 |

|Hernias |405 | | |

|Hernia Repair |405 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS (Ch. 13) |442 |

|SURGERY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL |407 | | |

|Surgery of the Esophagus |408 |SURGERY OF THE ESOPHAGUS |359 |

| | |(Ch. 11) | |

|Gastric Surgery |408 | | |

|Pathological Conditions of the Stomach |408 |SURGERY OF THE STOMACH |363 |

| | |(Ch. 11) | |

|Procedures Related to Gastric Secretion, Ulcers, and |416 |SURGERY OF THE ESOPHAGUS |363 |

|Neoplasm | |(Ch. 11) | |

|Procedures for Morbid Obesity |416 |BARIATRIC SURGERY (Ch. 11) |374 |

|Surgery of the Small Bowel |416 |SURGERY OF THE SMALL BOWEL |374 |

| | |(Ch. 11) | |

|Appendectomy |420 |Appendectomy (Ch. 11) |375 |

|Colon Surgery |425 |SURGERY OF THE COLON |378 |

| | |(Ch. 11) | |

|STOMAS |427 | | |

|Anorectal Surgery |427 |SURGERY OF THE RECTUM |391 |

| | |(Ch. 11) | |

|Hemorrhoid Ligation and Excision |430 |Hemorroidectomy (Ch. 11) |391 |

|Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract |430 |SURGERY OF THE BILIARY TRACT |407 |

| | |(Ch. 12) | |

| | |SURGERY OF THE LIVER(Ch. 12) |423 |

|Common Bile Duct Exploration |439 |Open Common Bile Duct Exploration |414 |

| | |(Ch. 12) | |

|SURGERY OF THE PANCREAS AND SPLEEN |447 |SURGERY OF THE PANCREAS |418 |

| | |(Ch. 12) | |

| | |SURGERY OF THE SPLEEN (Ch. 12) |430 |

|Select Pathology of the Pancreas |447 | | |

|Draining Pancreatic Cysts |448 |Drainage or Excision of Pancreatic Cysts-Open Method |418 |

| | |(Ch. 12) | |

|Pancreatic Resection |448 | | |

|Whipple Pancreaticoduodenectomy |448 |Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure) (Ch. 12) |420 |

|Surgery of the Spleen |452 |SURGERY OF THE SPLEEN (Ch. 12) |430 |

|VASCULAR AND OTHER PROCEDURES |454 |CH. 26 VASCULAR SURGERY |1079 |

|Varicose Veins |454 |Varicose Vein Excision and Stripping |1113 |

| | |(Ch. 26) | |

|Vascular Access Procedures |455 | | |

|Muscle and Nerve Biopsies |456 | | |

|Incision and Drainage |456 | | |

|Excision of Lesion |456 | | |

|Endoscopy |457 |ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES (Ch.11) |357 |

|BREAST SURGERY |457 |CH. 17 BREAST SURGERY |635 |

|Breast Anatomy |457 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 17) |635 |

|Breast and Axilla: Pathology and Diagnosis |457 |BREAST CANCER (Ch. 17) |635 |

|Breast Surgery (Noncosmetic) |457 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS (Ch. 1) |647 |

|SURGERY OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID |461 |CH. 16 THYROID AND PARATHYROID SURGERY |619 |

|Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid |461 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 16) |619 |

|Pathological Conditions of the Thyroid and Parathyroid |461 |PERIOPERATIVE URSING CONSIDERATIONS (Ch. 16) |623 |

|Glands | | | |

|Thyroidectomy |461 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS (Ch. 16) |629 |

|TRACHEOTOMY |461 |TRACHEOSTOMY (Ch. 21) |801 |

|Indications for a Tracheotomy |461 |TRACHEOSTOMY (Ch. 21) |801 |

|Illustrative Procedure: Tracheotomy |467 |TRACHEOSTOMY (Ch. 21) |801 |

|CHAPTER 15 | |CHAPTER 14 GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY AND CESAREAN BIRTH | |

|OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY | | | |

|INTRODUCTION TO OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY |478 |CH. 14 GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY AND CESAREAN BIRTH |45 |

|ANATOMY |478 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |455 |

|The Pelvis |478 |Bony Pelvis |459 |

| | |Pelvic Floor |460 |

|External Genitalia |481 |Female External Genital Organs (Vulva) |455 |

|Vagina |481 |Pelvic Cavity |458 |

|Uterus |482 |Pelvic Cavity |455 |

|Fallopian Tubes |483 |Pelvic Cavity |457 |

|Ovaries |483 |Pelvic Cavity |457 |

|PREGNANCY-A SPECIAL CONDITION |485 |ABDOMINAL SURGERY DURING PREGNANCY |513 |

|Select Key Terms in Labor and Delivery |486 | | |

|Labor |486 | | |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTATION, DRUGS, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES|487 |Implementation |465 |

|IN OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY | | | |

|Instrumentation |487 |Instrumentation |466 |

| Drugs |487 | | |

|Equipment |494 | | |

|Supplies |494 |Dressings, Drains, and Packing |468 |

|OR SETUP AND BASIC PATIENT POSITIONING AND DRAPING |494 |Positioning |466 |

| | |Prepping |468 |

|SURGICAL PROCEDURES: OBSTETRICS AND FERTILITY RELATED |494 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |471 |

|Pathology and Surgical Conditions: Obstetrics and |494 | | |

|Fertility Related | | | |

|Vaginal Delivery |495 | | |

|Cesarean Section |497 |Cesarean Birth |513 |

|Tubal Occlusion (Sterilization) Procedures |503 |Tubal Ligation |508 |

|Tuboplasty |504 |Microscopic Reconstructive Surgery of the Fallopian |507 |

| | |Tube | |

|Laproscopic Resection of Unruptured Tubal Pregnancy |507 |Ectopic Tubal Pregnancy |495 |

|SURGICAL PROCEDURES: GYNECOLOGICAL PROCEDURES |510 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |471 |

|Gynecological Pathology |510 | | |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION OVERVIEW |510 | | |

|Abdominal Incisions for Gynecological Surgery |510 | | |

|Surgical Intervention: Laparoscopy |515 |Laparoscopy |492 |

|Basic Colposcopy |518 | | |

|Hysteroscopy |518 |Hysteroscopy |487 |

|Marsupialization of Bartholin’s Gland Cyst |521 |Marsupialization of Bartholin’s Duct Cyst or Abscess |487 |

|Simple Vulvectomy |521 |Simple Vulvectomy |471 |

|Anterior and Posterior Repair (Colporrhaphy) |524 |Plastic Reconstructive Repair of the Vagina (Anterior|473 |

| | |and Posterior Repair; Colporrhaphy) | |

|Cervical Biopsy, Cryotherapy, Laser Treatment, LEEP, |533 |Conization and Biopsy of the Cervix |484 |

|and Conization | | | |

|Dilation and Curettage |535 |Dilation of the Cervix and Curettage |480 |

|Myomectomy |538 |Abdominal Myomectomy |500 |

|Total Abdominal Hysterectomy and Bilateral |542 |Total Abdominal Hysterectomy |498 |

|Salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) | | | |

|Vaginal and Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal |546 |Vaginal Hysterectomy |491 |

|Hysterectomy (LAVH) | |Laparoscopic-Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy |497 |

|Radical Cancer Surgery: Total Pelvic Exenteration |547 |Pelvic Exenteration |503 |

|CHAPTER 16 | |CHAPTER 18 | |

|OPHTHALMIC SURGERY | |OPHTHALMIC SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY OF THE EYE |554 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |657 |

|Orbit |554 |Bony Orbit |657 |

|Extrinsic Muscles |555 |Muscles |659 |

|Lacrimal System |555 |Lacrimal Apparatus |567 |

|Globe |556 |Globe |659 |

|Cavities and Chambers of the Eye |558 | | |

|OPHTHALMIC SURGICAL PATHOLOGY |558 | | |

|Glaucoma |558 | | |

|Cataract |558 | | |

|Small Retinal Detachment |558 | | |

|Large Retinal Detachment |558 | | |

|Vitreous Hemorrhage |558 | | |

|Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) |559 | | |

|Traction Retinal Detachment |559 | | |

|Epiretinal Membarane |559 | | |

|Corneal Pathology |559 | | |

|Chalazion |559 | | |

|Pterygium |559 | | |

|Dacryocystitis |559 | | |

|Strabismus |559 | | |

|OPTHALMIC MEDICATIONS |560 |Ophthalmic Pharmacology |669 |

|SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN OPHTHALMIC SURGERY |560 |Implementation |666 |

|Special Equipment |560 |Ophthalmic Sutures |678 |

|Instruments |561 |Instrumentation |675 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION |562 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |680 |

|Surgical Repair of Ptosis |562 |Surgery for Unilateral or Bilateral Ptosis |683 |

|Iridectomy |563 |Iridectomy |700 |

|Trabeculoplasty |563 |Laser Trabeculoplasty |703 |

|Strabismus Correction: Recession/Resection |563 | | |

|Adjustable Suture Surgery |566 | | |

|Scleral Buckle |567 |Scleral Buckling |705 |

|Enucleation and Evisceration of the Eye (Traditional |571 |Enucleation |687 |

|Approach) | |Evisceration |689 |

|Keratoplasty (Corneal Transplant) |573 |(Corneal Transplant) Keratoplasty |692 |

|Cataract Extraction |577 |Cataract Extraction |696 |

|Phacoemulsification |580 |Cataract Extraction |697 |

|Vitrectomy |580 |VITRECTOMY |707 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 17 | |CHAPTER 19 OTOLOGIC SURGERY | |

|OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC SURGERY | |CHAPTER20 RHINOLOGIC AND SINUS SURGERY | |

| | |CHAPTER 21 LARYNGLOGICAND HEAD AND NECK SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY OF THE EAR |587 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |717 |

|Outer Ear |587 |External, Middle, and Inner Ear |717 |

|Middle Ear |588 |External, Middle, and Inner Ear |717 |

|Inner Ear |588 |External, Middle, and Inner Ear |717 |

|PATHOLOGY OF THE EAR |589 | | |

|Pathology Affecting the Outer Ear |589 | | |

|Pathology Affecting the Middle Ear |589 | | |

|Pathology Affecting the Inner Ear |590 | | |

|Diagnostic Procedures/Tests for the Ear |590 |PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS |721 |

|PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |591 |Planning and Implementation |723 |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |592 |Implementation |728 |

|EAR PROCEDURES |592 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |733 |

|Myringotomy |592 |Myringotomy |733 |

|Myringoplasty/Tympanoplasty |596 |Tympanoplasty |735 |

|Mastoidectomy |600 |Mastoidectomy |736 |

|Stapedectomy |600 |Stapedectomy |738 |

|Stapedotomy |600 |Stapedotomy |740 |

|Cochlear Implants |601 |Cochlear Implantation |745 |

|ANATOMY OF THE NOSE AND SINUSES |601 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |751 |

|External Nose |601 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |751 |

|Internal Nose |601 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |751 |

|Paranasal Sinuses |602 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |751 |

|Blood Supply to the Nose |602 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |751 |

|Olfaction |603 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |751 |

|PATHOLOGY OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES |603 | | |

|Rhinitis/Sinusitis |603 | | |

|Nasal Polyps |604 | | |

|Hypertrophied Turbinates |604 | | |

|Deviated Nasal Septum |604 | | |

|Septal Perforation |604 | | |

|Epistaxis |604 | | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES |605 | | |

|Direct Vision |605 | | |

|Mirror Examination |605 | | |

|Radiography |605 | | |

|PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |605 |Planning |756 |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, AND DRUGS |606 |Implementation |758 |

|NASAL PROCEDURES |609 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |761 |

|Submucous Resection (SMR) |609 |Septoplasty or Submucous Resection of the Septum |761 |

| | |(SMR) | |

|Polypectomy |612 |Nasal Polypectomy |776 |

|Intranasal Antrostomy |612 | | |

|Removal of Foreign Body |612 | | |

|Internal Maxillary Artery Ligation |613 | | |

|Sinus Procedures |613 |Sinus Surgery |766 |

|Caldwell-Luc |613 |Caldwell-Luc with Radical Antrosomy |777 |

|Ethmoidectomy |615 |Ethmoidectomy |776 |

|Sphenoidectomy |616 |Sphenoidectomy |776 |

|Drainage of the Frontal Sinus |616 |Frontal Sinus Trephination |774 |

| | |Frontal Sinus Operation (External Approach)-Trephine |776 |

| | |nd Obliteration | |

|Sinus Endoscopy |616 |Endoscopic Sinus Suargery |767 |

|ANATOMY OF THE UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT |618 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |781 |

|Pharynx |618 |Pharynx |781 |

|Larynx |620 |Larynx and Associated Structures |782 |

|Trachea |621 |Trachea |783 |

|Bronchi and Lungs |621 |. | |

|Esophagus |621 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 11) |329 |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT |621 | | |

|Pharyngitis |621 | | |

|Epiglottis |622 | | |

|Tonsillitis |622 | | |

|Sleep Apnea |623 | | |

|Laryngitis |623 | | |

|Polypoid Corditis or Vocal Cord Polyps |623 | | |

|Vocal Cord Nodules |623 | | |

|Vocal Cord Granulomas |623 | | |

|Laryngeal Neoplasms |624 | | |

|Tracheitis and Bronchitis |624 | | |

|Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) |624 | | |

|Foreign Bodies |624 | | |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE ESOPHAGUS |624 | | |

|Esophagitis |624 | | |

|Ulceration of the Esophagus |624 | | |

|Neoplasms Affecting the Esophagus |624 | | |

|Foreign Bodies |625 | | |

|Zenker’s Diverticulum |625 | | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES/TESTS |625 |Assesment |786 |

|Direct Visualization |625 | | |

|Indirect Visualization |625 | | |

|Laboratory Tests |625 |Assesment |786 |

|Radiological Examinations |625 |Assesment |786 |

|Videostroboscopy |626 | | |

|Polysomnography |626 | | |

|Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) |626 | | |

|PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |626 |Implementation |787 |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |626 |Implementation |789 |

|AERODIGESTIVE TRACT PROCEDURES |628 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |792 |

|Adenoidectomy |628 |Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy |1250 |

| | |(Ch. 29) | |

|Tonsillectomy |628 |Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy |1250 |

| | |(Ch. 29) | |

|Incision and Drainage of a Peritonsellar Abscess |631 | | |

|Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |631 |UVULOPALATOPHARYNGOPLASTY |803 |

|Laryngoscopy |633 |LARYNGOSCOPY |792 |

|Bronchoscopy |636 |BRONCHOSCOPY |793 |

|Esophagoscopy |636 |ESOPHAGOSCOPY |793 |

|Panendoscopy |636 | | |

|Radical Neck Dissection with Mandibulectomy |636 |RADICAL NECK DISSECTION |793 |

|CHAPTER 18 | |No chapter on this topic. | |

|ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY | | | |

|ANATOMY OF THE ORAL CAVITY |645 | | |

|Lips |645 | | |

|Teeth |645 | | |

|Palate |646 | | |

|Cheeks |646 | | |

|Tongue |646 | | |

|ANATOMY OF THE FACE AND CRANIUM |646 | | |

|Orbit |647 | | |

|Facial Muscles and Innervation |647 | | |

|EMBRYOLOGICAL EVELOPMENT OF THE FACE |648 | | |

|PATHOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY |649 | | |

|Mouth |649 | | |

|Jaw Bones |649 | | |

|Mandibular Fractures |649 | | |

|Frontal Fractures |650 | | |

|Orbital Fractures |650 | | |

|Zygomatic Fractures |650 | | |

|Midfacial Fractures |651 | | |

|Craniofacial Deformities |651 | | |

|DIAGNOSTIC TESTS |651 | | |

|ORAL PROCEDURES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS |652 | | |

|Tooth Extraction/Odontectomy |653 | | |

|Tooth Restoration |657 | | |

|Implantation |657 | | |

|MAXILLOFACIAL PROCEDURES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS |658 | | |

|Graft Materials |658 |BONE GRAFTING (Ch. 22) |851 |

|Repair of Mandibular/Maxillary Fractures |659 |Reduction of Maxillary Fractures |1028 |

| | |(Ch. 24) | |

|Application of Arch Bars |659 |Reduction of Mandibular Fracture |1028 |

| | |(Ch. 24) | |

|Wire Fixation |662 |Reduction of Mandibular Fracture |1028 |

| | |(Ch. 24) | |

|Plate and Screw Fixation of Mandibular Fracture |663 | | |

|Frontal Fracture Repair |666 | | |

|Orbital Floor Fracture Repair |667 |Repair of Fracture of the orbit (Blowout) |689 |

| | |(Ch. 18) | |

|Reduction of Zygomatic Fractures |670 |Reduction of Zygomatic Fractures |1029 |

| | |(Ch. 24) | |

|Le Fort I Fracture Repair |671 |Reduction of Maxillary Fractures |1028 |

| | |(Ch. 24) | |

|Le Fort II and III Fracture Repair |675 |Reduction of Maxillary Fractures |1028 |

| | |(Ch. 24) | |

|Craniofacial Reconstruction |675 | | |

|Correction of Retrognathism or Prognathism |679 | | |

|Temporomandibular Joint Procedures |682 | | |

|CHAPTER 19 | |CHAPTER 24 | |

|PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY | |PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY |685 | | |

|Skin and Underlying Structures |685 | | |

|Palate |687 | | |

|Nose |687 | | |

|Hand |687 | | |

|Breast |694 | | |

|SURGICAL PATHOLOGY |694 | | |

|Pathology Affecting the Skin |694 | | |

|Cleft Lip and Palate |696 | | |

|Pathology Affecting the Hand |697 | | |

|Pathology Affecting the Breast |701 | | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES AND TESTS |701 | | |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTATION, SUPPLIES, DRUGS, AND EQUIPMENT|701 |Special Mechanical Devices |1009 |

|Nasal Set |701 | | |

|Dermatome |702 |Dermatome |1008 |

|Mesh Graft Device |704 |Skin Meshers |1009 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION |704 |SURGICAL INTERVENTION |1015 |

|Rhytidectomy |704 |Rhytidectomy (Facelift) |1034 |

|Blepharoplasty |706 |Blepharoplasty |1033 |

|Suction Lipectomy |707 |Liposuction |1036 |

|Abdominoplasty |708 |Abdominoplasty |1036 |

|Skin Grafts |709 |Replacement of Lost Tissue (Skin Graft) |1015 |

|Dermabrasion |713 |Dermabrasion |1034 |

|Scar Revision |713 |Scar Revision |1035 |

|Cheiloplasty and Palatoplasty |713 |PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (Ch. 29) |1255 |

|Rhinoplasty |714 |Rhinoplasty |1033 |

|Hand Surgery |716 |MICROSURGICAL REPLANTATION |1038 |

|Mammoplasty |723 |BREAST RECONSTRUCTION |1021 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 20 | |CHAPTER 15 | |

|GENITOURINARY SURGERY | |GENITOURINARY SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY |732 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |519 |

|Suprarenal Glands |732 |Adrenal Glands |519 |

|Kidneys |732 |Kidneys |519 |

|Ureters |735 |Ureters |520 |

|Urinary Bladder |736 |Urinary Bladder |520 |

|Male Reproductive System |737 |Urethra |522 |

| | |Prostate Gland and Male Reproductive Organs |524 |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE ADRENAL GLANDS |739 | | |

|Cushing’s Syndrome |739 | | |

|Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease) |739 | | |

|Pheochromocytoma |739 | | |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE URINARY SYSTEM |739 | | |

|Bladder Tumors |739 | | |

|Urinary Calculi |740 | | |

|Kidney Disorders |740 | | |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM |743 | | |

|Phimosis |743 | | |

|Hypospadias/Epispadias |743 | | |

|Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy |743 | | |

|Cancer of the Prostate |744 | | |

|Cryptorchidism |744 | | |

|Testicular Torsion |744 | | |

|Testicular Cancer |744 | | |

|Trauma to the Genitourinary System |745 | | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES/TESTS |745 | | |

|History and Physical |745 |Assessment |523 |

|Laboratory Findings |745 |Assessment |523 |

|Radiological Findings |751 |Assessment |523 |

|Biopsy |751 | | |

|Endoscopy |751 |DIAGNOSTIC AND ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES (Ch. 15) |536 |

|SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |751 |Implementation |526 |

|PREOPERATIVE AND INTRAOPERATIVE PREPARATION |752 |Implementation |526 |

|Incisional Options |754 | | |

|SURGICAL PROCEDURES |757 |SURGICAL INTERVENTONS |536 |

|Adrenalectomy |757 |Adrenalectomy |616 |

|Nephrectomy |757 |Nephrectomy |610 |

|Renal Transplant |762 |Kidney Transplant |613 |

|Stone Removal |763 |SURGERY OF THE URETERS AND KIDNEY |602 |

|Cystostomy |764 |Suprapubic Cystostomy |583 |

|Cystectomy/Ileal Conduit |766 |Radical Cystectomy with Pelvic Lymphadenectomy |595 |

|Procedures for Stress Incontinence Affecting Women |771 |Vesicourethral Suspension (Marshall-Marcheti-Krantz) |587 |

| | |Transvaginal Bladder Neck Suspension | |

| | |Suburethral Sling |588 |

| | |TVT Sling |589 |

| | | |591 |

|Transurethral Endoscopy of the Genitourinary Tract |774 |DIAGNOSTIC AND ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES |536 |

| | |Transurethral Ureteropyeloscopy | |

| | | |540 |

|Circumcision |776 |Circumcision (Ch. 29) |1239 |

|Orchiectomy |778 |Orchiectomy |555 |

|Orchiopexy |778 |Orchiopexy (Ch. 29) |1247 |

|Hydrocelectomy |781 |Hydrocelectomy |551 |

|Varicocelectomy |781 |Varicocelectomy |554 |

|Hypospadias Repair |782 |Hypospadias Repair (Ch. 29) |1241 |

|Insertion of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis |782 |Penile Implant |547 |

|Vasectomy |783 |Vasectomy |552 |

|Vasovasostomy |784 |Vasovasostomy |553 |

|Prostatectomy |784 |Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Gland |560 |

| | |Suprapubic Prostatectomy | |

| | | |564 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 21 | |CHAPTER 22 | |

|ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY | |ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY | |

|BONE AND BONE TISSUE |792 |Anatomic Structures |817 |

|Bone Tissue |792 |Anatomic Structures |817 |

|Types of Bones |794 |Anatomic Structures |819 |

|Types of Joints |794 |Anatomic Structures |817 |

|Bone Growth and Bone Cells |797 | | |

|Intramembranous Bones |798 | | |

|Endochondral Bone |798 | | |

|Mineral Storage |798 | | |

|Factors That Affect Bone Growth |798 | | |

|Clinical and Bone Landmark Terms |798 | | |

|PATHOLOGY |798 | | |

|Types of Fractures |805 | | |

|Normal Bone Healing |805 | | |

|Pathological Bone Healing |806 | | |

|Diagnostic Terms and Procedures |808 | | |

|THE SKELETON |808 |Anatomic Structures |817 |

|The Skull |808 |Head (Ch. 23) |931 |

|Vertebral Column |811 |Vertebrae |819 |

|Bones of the Thoracic Region |812 | | |

|Clavicles |812 |Shoulder and Upper Extremity |819 |

|Scapula |812 |Shoulder and Upper Extremity |819 |

|Pectoral Girdle |812 |Shoulder and Upper Extremity |819 |

|Humerus |812 |Shoulder and Upper Extremity |820 |

|Radius and Ulna |813 |Shoulder and Upper Extremity |820 |

|Hand and Wrist |814 |Wrist and Hand |820 |

|Pelvis |814 |Pelvis, Hip and Femur |822 |

|Hip and Femur |814 |Pelvis, Hip and Femur |822 |

|Tibia and Fibula |814 |Knee, Tibia, and Fibula |822 |

|Ankle and Foot |816 |Ankle and Foot |825 |

|EQUIPMENT |818 |Implementation |828 |

|Positioning Devices |818 |Positioning and Positioning Aids |830 |

|Pneumatic Tourniquets |819 |Pneumatic Tourniquets |834 |

|Traction |819 |Traction |835 |

|Lasers |819 |Lasers |838 |

|Radiography |819 |Radiographic Intervention |833 |

|Air Flow |820 |Airflow Control |838 |

|Continuous Passive Range-of-Motion Machines |820 |Postoperative Management |838 |

|Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation |820 |ELECTRICAL STIMULATION |850 |

|Electrical Stimulation of Bone |820 |ELECTRICAL STIMULATION |850 |

|Saws, Drills, and Reamers |820 |Orthopedic Instrumentation |840 |

|Arthroscopic Equipment |820 |ARTHROSCOPY |915 |

|SUPPLIES |821 |Instruments and Accessory Items |839 |

|Implants |821 |Implant Inventories |839 |

|Suture |821 |Suture Material |840 |

|Methyl Methacrylate |821 |Polymethyl Methacrylate |840 |

|Pharmacology |821 |Medications |844 |

|PROCEDURES |822 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |850 |

|Bone Grafting |822 |Bone Grafting |850 |

|Knee Arthroscopy |824 |Arthroscopy Of The Knee |915 |

|Arthroscopic Repair of Meniscal Tear |827 |Operative Arthroscopy |918 |

|Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair | |Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair |918 |

|Above-the-Knee Amputation | | | |

|Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release |832 |Carpal Tunnel Release |871 |

|Colle’s Fracture |835 |Correction of Colle’s Fracture with External Fixation|871 |

|Metacarpal Phalangeal Joint Arthroplasty |840 |Metacarpal Arthroplasty |913 |

|Triple Arthrodesis |840 |Triple Arthrodesis |893 |

|Achilles Tendon Repair |841 | | |

|Bunionectomy |842 |Bunionectomy |894 |

|Open Reduction-Internal Fixation (ORIF) of the Humerus |842 |Open Reduction and Internal Fixation |858 |

| | |Fractures of the Humeral Shaft |863 |

| Shoulder Joint Arthroscopy |845 |Arthroscopy of the Shoulder |921 |

|Acromioplasty |846 | | |

|Repair of the Rotator Cuff |846 |Correction of Rotator Cuff Tear |861 |

|Internal Fixation of Femoral Shaft Fracture |851 |Internal Fixation |857 |

| | |Supracondylar Fractures of the Femur |885 |

|Repair of Hip Fracture |852 |Hip Fractures |874 |

|Total Hip Arthroplasty |852 |Total Hip Replacement |902 |

|Total Knee Arthroplasty |859 |Total Knee Replacement |902 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 22 | |CHAPTER 25 THORACIC SURGERY | |

|CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY | |CHAPTER 27 CARDIAC SURGERY | |

| | |CHAPTER 29 PEDIATRIC SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY OF THE CHEST |864 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 25) |1043 |

|The Thorax |864 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1043 |

|The Trachea |866 |Trachea (Ch. 21) |783 |

|The Bronchial Tree |866 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1045 |

|The Lungs |867 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1045 |

|ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART |868 |SURGICAL ANATOMY (Ch. 27) |1117 |

|Location of the Heart |868 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1117 |

|Coverings of the Heart |869 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1117 |

|The Heart Wall |869 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1117 |

|The Heart Chambers |869 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1117 |

|The Heart Valves |869 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1117 |

|Blood Flow Through the Heart |870 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1117 |

|Blood Supply for the Heart |871 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1117 |

|The Cardiac Cycle |871 | | |

|Cardiac Output |872 | | |

|Cardiac Conduction |872 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1117 |

|Anatomical Development of the Heart |872 | | |

|OPERATIVE PATHOLOGY |873 | | |

|The Chest Wall |873 | | |

|The Mediastinum |873 | | |

|The Lungs |874 | | |

|Thoracic Trauma |875 | | |

|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |877 | | |

|Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm |877 | | |

|Coronary Artery Disease |879 | | |

|Valvular Disease |881 | | |

|Cardiomyopathy |882 | | |

|Cardiac Dysrythmias |882 | | |

|Congenital Heart Defects |884 | | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: THORAX |887 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS(Ch. 25) |1058 |

|Bronchoscopy |887 |Standard Bronchoscopy Using Rigid Bronchoscope |1058 |

| | |Bronchoscopy Using Flexible Bronchoscope | |

| | | |1062 |

|Mediastinoscopy |887 |Mediastinoscopy |1063 |

|Thoracoscopy |887 |Thoracoscopy |1064 |

|Thoracentesis |889 | | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: CARDIAC |889 |Diagnostic Studies (Ch. 27) |1124 |

|Radiological Studies |889 |Diagnostic Studies |1124 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION: THORACIC |889 |SURGICAL INTERVENTION (Ch. 25) |1058 |

|Special Preoperative Considerations |889 |PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS |1047 |

|Special Instrumentation, Supplies, Drugs, and Equipment|889 |Implementation |1051 |

|Patient Preparation |890 |Implementation |1049 |

|Thoracoscopy |892 |Thoracoscopy |1064 |

|Scalene/Supraclavicular Node Biopsy |895 | | |

|Thoracotomy for Upper Lobectomy |895 |Thoracotomy |1065 |

|Thoracotomy for Right Pneumonectomy |899 |Pneumonectomy |1066 |

|Thoracotomy for Wedge Resection or Segmentectomy |899 |Segmental Resection |1069 |

|Decortication of Lung |899 |Decortication |1072 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION: CARDIAC (ADULT) |900 |PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS (Ch. 27) |1121 |

| | |SURGICAL INTERVENTION (Ch. 27) | |

| | | |1153 |

|Preoperative Considerations |900 |PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS |1121 |

|Patient Preparation |901 |PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS |1142 |

|Techniques of Cardiopulmonary Bypass |901 |Cardiopulmonary Bypass ((CPB) |1145 |

|Mechanical Circulatory Assistance |904 |Mechanical and Biological Circulatory Assistance |1176 |

|Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting |905 |SURGERY FOR CORANARY ARTERY DISEASE |1157 |

|Aortic Valve Replacement |911 |SURGERY FOR THE AORTIC VALVE |1170 |

|Mitral Valve Replacement |916 |SURGERY FOR THE MITRL VALVE |1165 |

|Thoracic Aortic Aneurysmectomy |917 |SURGERY FOR THE THORACIC AORTA |1171 |

|Pericardiectomy/Pericardial Window |918 |PERICARDIECTOMY |1156 |

|Heart Transplantation |919 |Heart Transplantation |111 |

|Permanent Pacemaker Insertion |920 |Insertion of Permanent Pacemaker |1183 |

|Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty |921 | | |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION: CARDIAC (PEDIATRIC) |921 |SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (Ch. 29) |1266 |

|Special Preoperative Preparation |922 |PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS |1211 |

|Atrial Septal Defect |922 |Surgery for Atrial Septal Defect |1267 |

|Ventricular Septal Defect |922 |Surgery for Ventricular Septal Defect |1268 |

|Patent Ductus Arteriosus |923 |Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus |1280 |

|Correction of Aortic Coarctation |924 |Repair of Coactation of the Aorta |1282 |

|Procedure for Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot |924 |Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot |1272 |

|Procedure for Correction of Transposition of the Great |925 |Operations for Correction of Transposition of the |1273 |

|Arteries | |Great Arteries | |

|CHAPTER 23 | |CHAPTER 26 VASCULAR SURGERY | |

|PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SURGERY | | | |

|PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SURGERY |928 |VASCULAR SURGERY |1079 |

|SURGICAL ANATOMY |928 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1079 |

|Blood Vessels |928 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1079 |

|Blood Pressure |930 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1079 |

|The Arterial System |931 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1079 |

|The Venous System |933 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |1079 |

|OPERATIVE PATHOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS |934 |ARTERIAL DISEASE |1080 |

| | |VENOUS DISEASE |1086 |

|Arterial Embolism |935 |Acute Arterial Insufficiency |1081 |

|Arteriosclerosis Obliterans |935 |Chronic Arterial Insufficiency |1080 |

|Aneurysms of the Abdominal Aorta |936 |Aneurysmal Disease |1083 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |937 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |1097 |

|Peripheral Vessel Angioplasty |937 |Precutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty |1101 |

|Bypass Grafting and Endarterectomy |939 |Carotid Endarterectomy with Shunt |1109 |

|Features of Peripheral Vascular Procedure |940 |PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS |1086 |

|Aortofemoral Bypass |943 | | |

|Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy |947 |Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Resection |1097 |

|Femoropopliteal Bypass |950 |Femoral -Popliteal Bypass |1102 |

|Femorofemoral Bypass |954 |Femorofemoral Bypass |1102 |

|Axillofemoral Bypass |956 | | |

|Carotid Endarterectomy |959 |Carotid Endarterectomy |1106 |

|CHAPTER 24 | |CHAPTER 23 | |

|NEUROSURGERY | |NEUROSURGERY | |

|SURGICAL ANATOMY |966 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |931 |

|Divisions of the Nervous System |966 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |931 |

|Cranium |966 |Head |931 |

|Vertebral Column |973 |Back |947 |

|Blood Supply |974 |Blood Supply |938 |

|Cranial Nerves |974 |Cranial Nerves |941 |

|Spinal Nerves |974 |Peripheral Nerves |953 |

|NEUROSURGICAL PATHOLOGY |976 | | |

|Cervical Spine |976 |Pathological lesions of the Spinal Cord and Adjacent |951 |

| | |Structures | |

|Thoracic Spine |977 |Pathological lesions of the Spinal Cord and Adjacent |951 |

| | |Structures | |

|Lumbar Spine |978 |Pathological lesions of the Spinal Cord and Adjacent |951 |

| | |Structures | |

|Neoplasms |979 |Head |943 |

|Head Injury |980 |Head |945 |

|Spinal Cord Injury |982 |Pathological lesions of the Spinal Cord and Adjacent |951 |

| | |Structures | |

|Cerebrovascular Disease |982 |Head |945 |

|Congenital Abnormalities |983 |Head |945 |

|INFECTION |984 | | |

|Abscess |984 |Pathological lesions of the Spinal Cord and Adjacent |951 |

| | |Structures | |

|Spinal Tumors |985 |Pathological lesions of the Spinal Cord and Adjacent |952 |

| | |Structures | |

|Peripheral Nerve Disorders |985 | | |

|NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES |986 |PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS |955 |

| | |SURGICAL INTERVENTION | |

|Special Instrumentation, Supplies, Drugs, and Equipment|986 |Implementation |959 |

|Patient Preparation |990 |Implementation |955 |

|Craniotomy |991 |Craniotomy |971 |

|Craniectomy |1001 |Craniectomy |980 |

|Ventriculoperitoneal and Ventriculoatrial Shunt |1005 |Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt |970 |

|Transphenoidal Hypophysectomy |1008 |Transphenoidal Hypophysectomy |983 |

|Stereotactic Procedure |1011 |Stereotactic Procedures |987 |

|Cranioplasty |1012 |Cranioplasty |984 |

|Spinal Procedures |1012 |BACK SURGERY |990 |

|Peripheral Nerve Procedure |1020 |PERIPHERAL NERVE SURGERY |997 |

|ADVANCES IN NEUROSURGERY |1022 | | |

| Intraoperative MRI |1022 | | |

|Three-Dimensional Reconstruction |1022 | | |

|Radiosurgery |1022 | | |

|Minimal Invasive Techniques |1022 | | |

|Stereotaxis |1022 | | |

|Intraoperative Ultrasound |1023 | | |

|Brain Mapping |1023 | | |

|Endoscopic Neurosurgery |1023 | | |

|Deep Brain Stimulation |1023 | | |

| | | | |

|APPENDIX A: ANATOMY PLATES |1025 | | |

|APPENDIX B: COMMON PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES |1036 | | |

|APPENDIX C: MEASUREMENTS |1039 | | |

| | | | |

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