APES Unit 2 Section 1 Study Guide



APES Ch. 3 (and part of 12) Study Guide

Write a brief definition for each word.

|Species |Herbivore |Soil profile vs. horizon |

|Biotic vs. abiotic |Carnivore |Loam |

|Limiting factor |Detrivore |Humus |

|Range of tolerance |Decomposer |GPP vs. NPP |

|Producer vs. consumer |Closed vs. open system |Leaching |

|Food chain vs. food web |Greenhouse effect |Scavenger |

|Trophic level |Percolation vs. infiltration |Autotroph vs. heterotrophy |

| | |HIPPO |

|Discussion Questions. Must answer each in complete sentences. |

|Describe the following soil horizons. (O, A, B, C) |Contrast the flow of matter and the flow of energy through the biosphere. |

|Contrast sand, silt, and clay. |Define abiotic component of an ecosystem. List one important physical |

|Define ecology. List and distinguish among the five levels of organization of matter|factor and one important chemical factor that has a large effect on |

|that are the focus of the realm of ecology. |ecosystems. |

|Describe how the sun and gravity power the water cycle. |Compare limiting factors in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. |

|Why are food chains generally 10% efficient from one trophic level to the next? |Which ecosystems show the highest average net primary productivity? |

|Math Problems: Show all work and circle your answers. Remember: NPP = GPP – Respiration |

|The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8,000 kcal/m2. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 12,000 kcal/m2 |

|per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2 per year? |

|If you measure the available biomass for a patch of forest as 10 kg C/ m2-year, and the amount of CO2 given off into the atmosphere as 5 kg C/ m2-year, what is |

|the GPP? |

|In the patch of forest in problem #2, how much energy is available in the primary producer level for herbivore consumption? Assume 1 kg of carbon produces |

|10,000 kJ. |

|If the forest contains 200 kg of plant material, approximately how many kg of herbivore production can be supported? (assume the ecological rule of thumb or 10%|

|rule) |

|How many kg of carnivore production can be supported? |

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