Date
|Date |Specification Content |Pre-Learning |Pre-Learning evidence |Problem Solving Class |Independent |
|24/1/14 |(i) empirical formula as the simplest whole | | | |Draw and name all |
| |number ratio of atoms of each element | | | |hydrocarbons with the |
| |present in a compound, | | | |molecular formula C7H16 |
| |(ii) molecular formula as the actual number of atoms | | | | |
| |of each element in a molecule, | | | | |
| |(iii) general formula as the simplest algebraic | | | | |
| |formula of a member of a homologous series, ie for an| | | | |
| |alkane: CnH2n+2, | | | | |
| |(iv) structural formula as the minimal detail that | | | | |
| |shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, eg for | | | | |
| |butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3 or CH3(CH2)2CH3, | | | | |
| |(v) displayed formula as the relative positioning of | | | | |
| |atoms and the bonds between them | | | | |
| |(vi) skeletal formula as the simplified organic | | | | |
| |formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl | | | | |
| |chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated| | | | |
| |functional groups | | | | |
|31/1/14 |describe the substitution of alkanes using |Watch |Notes/definitions of key |Page 117 q1 | |
| |ultraviolet radiation, by Cl2 and by Br2, to form |and read definitions on page 119 of text book. After reading |attacking species and | | |
| |halogenoalkanes; |the definitions, evaluate the video and suggest (at least) 2 |processes that form them.|Practical – Reactions of| |
| |define the term radical as a species with an unpaired|improvements. | |alkanes | |
| |electron; | |Written justification for| | |
| |describe how homolytic fission leads to the mechanism|Watch |two improvements |Nuff.Chem page 207 Q | |
| |of radical substitution in alkanes in terms of |and read through page 124-125 of text book. | |8.13 | |
| |initiation, propagation and termination reactions | |Notes on free-radical | | |
| |explain the limitations of radical substitution in | |substitution (alkanes |OCR Long answer F322 Jan| |
| |synthesis, arising from further substitution with | |reacting with halogens) |10 Q4 | |
| |formation of a mixture of products. | | | | |
| |define the term nucleophile as an electron pair donor| | | | |
| |define an electrophile as an electron pair | | | | |
| |acceptor | | | | |
| |describe the different types of covalent bond | | | | |
| |fission: | | | | |
| |(i) homolytic fission forming two radicals, | | | | |
| |(ii) heterolytic fission forming a cation and an | | | | |
| |anion; | | | | |
|7/2/14 |stereoisomers; compounds with the |Ensure folder is up to date from 31/1/14 lesson |Completed checklist | |Practice questions 1-6 |
| |same structural formula but with a different | | | |page 143 (SA) |
| |arrangement in space, |Make notes on E/Z isomers from page 115 of your text book |Notes and lesson starter | | |
| |E/Z isomerism; an example of | |(7/2/14) |Lesson starter on E/Z |Exam questions 1,3 and 6 |
| |stereoisomerism, in terms of restricted |Watch the video and | |and cis-trans |(page 144/145) (TA) |
| |rotation about a double bond and the |make notes on ‘cracking’ using the video and page 120/121 of you|Notes and experiment on |Carry out Nuffield Chem | |
| |requirement for two different groups to be |book. |7/2/14 |experiment 8.2 (part 7)|[Hand in on 14/2] |
| |attached to each carbon atom of the C=C | | |(including diagram and | |
| |group, | | |observations) | |
| |cis-trans isomerism; a special case of |Watch and make notes | |Exam questions on | |
| |E/Z isomerism in which two of the |on the addition reactions of alkenes (including details of | |electrophilic addition | |
| |substituent groups are the same; |reactants, conditions, products and the mechanism – see |Notes and exam- based | | |
| |describe a ‘curly arrow’ as the movement of an |specification details in the first column). Use the video and |task in lesson (7/2/14) | | |
| |electron pair, showing either breaking or |page 128 – 133 of your text book. | | | |
| |formation of a covalent bond; | | | | |
| |outline reaction mechanisms, using diagrams, to show | | | | |
| |clearly the movement of an electron pair with ‘curly | | | | |
| |arrows’ | | | | |
| |describe the use of catalytic cracking to obtain more| | | | |
| |useful alkanes and alkenes; | | | | |
| |describe addition reactions of alkenes, ie by | | | | |
| |ethene and propene, with: | | | | |
| |(i) hydrogen in the presence of a suitable | | | | |
| |catalyst, ie Ni, to form alkanes, | | | | |
| |(ii) halogens to form dihalogenoalkanes, | | | | |
| |including the use of bromine to detect the | | | | |
| |presence of a double C=C bond as a test | | | | |
| |for unsaturation, | | | | |
| |(iii) hydrogen halides to form halogenoalkanes, | | | | |
| |(iv) steam in the presence of an acid catalyst to | | | | |
| |form alcohols; | | | | |
| |describe how heterolytic fission leads to the | | | | |
| |mechanism of electrophilic addition in alkenes | | | | |
|14/2/14 |(a) explain, in terms of hydrogen bonding, the |Produce summary diagram of all alkene reactions | |Lesson starter on |Exam Q on alcohols (due in|
| |water solubility and the relatively low volatility of| | |alcohol classification |by 7/3/14) |
| |alcohols; |Make detailed notes on the industrial production of ethanol | | | |
| |(b) describe the industrial production of ethanol |(fermentation and direct hydration with steam) and uses of |Notes and outcome of |Mini-test on manufacture| |
| |by: |alcohols. Use |‘mini’ test in lesson |and uses of alcohols | |
| |(i) fermentation from sugars, ie from | and | | | |
| |glucose, |pages 148-149 of OCR Chemistry. | |Dry set up of quick fit | |
| |(ii) the reaction of ethene with steam in the | | |for oxidation of primary| |
| |presence of an acid catalyst; | | |alcohols | |
| |(c) outline, for alcohols: | | | | |
| |(i) the use of ethanol in alcoholic drinks | | |Burning tenner demo | |
| |and as a solvent in the form of |Make notes on ‘classification of alcohols’ – OCR Chemistry page | | | |
| |methylated spirits, |151 |Problem class starter | | |
| |(ii) the use of methanol as a petrol additive | | | | |
| |to improve combustion and its |Watch and | |Nuffield Chemistry | |
| |increasing importance as a feedstock in | and then draw and | |experiment 15.2 part 3 | |
| |the production of organic chemicals; |annotate a diagram of the apparatus and conditions / reactants |Set up of ‘Quickfit’ |(formation of ester) | |
| |(d) classify alcohols into primary, secondary and |needed to partially and completely oxidise a primary alcohol |apparatus task in lesson | | |
| |tertiary alcohols; | | |Nuffield Chemistry | |
| |(e) describe the combustion of alcohols; | |Notes / observations from|experiment 2.3 (forming | |
| |(f) describe the oxidation of alcohols using | |practical tasks |cyclohexene from | |
| |Cr2O72–/H+ (ie K2Cr2O7/H2SO4), including: | | |cyclohexanol) | |
| |(i) the oxidation of primary alcohols to form |Make notes on esterification and dehydration of alcohols (OCR |Exam-style task | | |
| |aldehydes and carboxylic acids; the |Chemistry pages 154-155) | | | |
| |control of the oxidation product using | | | | |
| |different reaction conditions, | | | | |
| |(ii) the oxidation of secondary alcohols to | | | | |
| |form ketones, | | | | |
| |(iii) the resistance to oxidation of tertiary | | | | |
| |alcohols; | | | | |
| |(g) describe the esterification of alcohols with | | | | |
| |carboxylic acids in the presence of an acid | | | | |
| |catalyst; | | | | |
| |(h) describe elimination of H2O from alcohols in the| | | | |
| |presence of an acid catalyst and heat to | | | | |
| |form alkenes. | | | | |
|28/2/14 |[pic] |Watch the video and |Class starter on naming | |Halgenoalkanes homework |
| |[pic] |read page 156-159 (OCR Chemistry) – Use these two sources to |halogenoalkanes | |(Hand in on 7/3/14) |
| |[pic] |make notes on halogenoalkanes, including definitions of | | | |
| | |nucleophile and substitution, naming halogenoalkanes, the | | | |
| | |reactivity of halogenoalkanes (including the rate of hydrolysis)|Make predictions for | | |
| | |and the nucleophilic substitution mechanism. |practical task on |Carry out practical, | |
| | | |hydrolysis of |record observations and | |
| | | |halogenoalkanes |draw conclusions based | |
| | | | |on experimental evidence| |
| | | | |and Pre-Learning | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | |Define criteria for peer| |
| | |Produce a presentation to highlight the uses of halogenoalkanes,| |assessment of | |
| | |evaluating their usefulness against possible environmental |Present and peer-assess |presentations | |
| | |effects. |your work in learning | | |
| | |List your sources on a bibliography slide (page 160/161 : OCR |support groups |Answer questions 2,4 &5 | |
| | |Chemistry is a good start – others could include | |from page 180/181 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |Also listen to ‘Chemistry in it’s elements’ MP3 file – on | | | |
| | |mchem. | | | |
|7/3/14 |Candidates should be able to: |Watch the video on fractional distillation. |White board tasks |Snowball answers to |Alkanes as fuels homework |
| |(a) explain that a hydrocarbon is a compound of |Use this and page 118 (OCR Chemistry) to make notes on | |define key terms on |(in on 14/3/13) |
| |hydrogen and carbon only; |Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil, explaining how Van der | |White boards | |
| |(b) explain the use of crude oil as a source of |Waals’ forces influence the boiling point of the fractions. | | | |
| |hydrocarbons, separated as fractions with different | | |Write equations for | |
| |boiling points by fractional distillation, which can |Describe what is meant by cracking, isomerisation and |White board tasks |processes in italics on | |
| |be used as fuels or for processing into |reforming, giving equations to support your answers (OCR Chem | |white boards | |
| |petrochemicals; |p.120/121) | | | |
| |(c) state that alkanes and cycloalkanes are | | |Write equations for any | |
| |saturated hydrocarbons; |Choose three alkanes and write equations for i) complete |White board tasks |of the three types of | |
| |(d) state and explain the tetrahedral shape around |combustion | |combustion on white | |
| |each carbon atom in alkanes |ii) incomplete combustion forming carbon monoxide | |boards | |
| |(e) explain, in terms of van der Waals’ forces, the |iii) incomplete combustion forming carbon | | | |
| |variations in the boiling points of alkanes with | | |Evaluation of summary | |
| |different carbon-chain length and branching; |Produce a summary table highlighting at least four advantages |‘Choose a fuel’ task |table to propose a | |
| |(f) describe the combustion of alkanes, leading to |and disadvantages of the use of fossil fuels and biofuels. (OCR | |sustainable fuel | |
| |their use as fuels in industry, in the home and in |Chem p.122/123) | | | |
| |transport; | | |hydrocarbons exam-style | |
| |(g) explain, using equations, the incomplete | |All areas of pre-learning|task | |
| |combustion of alkanes in a limited supply of oxygen | |then assessed via | | |
| |and outline the potential dangers arising from | |hydrocarbons exam-style | | |
| |production of CO in the home and from car use; | |task | | |
| |(h) describe the use of catalytic cracking to obtain| | | | |
| |more useful alkanes and alkenes; | | | | |
| |(i) explain that the petroleum industry processes | | | | |
| |straight-chain hydrocarbons into branched alkanes and| | | | |
| |cyclic hydrocarbons to promote efficient combustion; | | | | |
| |(j) contrast the value of fossil fuels for providing| | | | |
| |energy and raw materials with: | | | | |
| |(i) the problem of an over-reliance on non-renewable | | | | |
| |fossil fuel reserves and the importance of developing| | | | |
| |renewable plant-based fuels, ie alcohols and | | | | |
| |biodiesel | | | | |
| |(ii) increased CO2 levels from combustion of fossil | | | | |
| |fuels leading to global warming and climate change | | | | |
|14/03/14 |Quantitative 1 | | | | |
|21/03/14 |(g) describe the addition polymerisation of alkenes; |Print off Polymers.pdf and annotate with your own additional |Annotated polymers.pdf |Polymer white boards |Polymers homework task |
| |(h) deduce the repeat unit of an addition polymer |notes / questions using the text book as a guide | |task (naming and |(due in on 28/3/14) |
| |obtained from a given monomer; | | |drawing) | |
| |(i) identify the monomer that would produce a given |Produce set of at least four flash cards with the displayed |At least 4 polymer flash | | |
| |section of an addition polymer; |formula of a monomer on one side, the formula of the polymer |cards | | |
| |(j) outline the use of alkenes in the industrial |repeat unit on the other | | | |
| |production of organic compounds: | | | | |
| |(i) the manufacture of margarine by catalytic |Watch Use this and |Polymer Waste leaflet | | |
| |hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oils using |the text book to complete the 'Dealing with Polymer Waste' task | |Peer Assessment of | |
| |hydrogen and a nickel catalyst, |and the last page of the polymers.pdf printout | |leaflets against | |
| |(ii) the formation of a range of polymers using | | |specification | |
| |unsaturated monomer units based on the ethene | | | | |
| |molecule, ie H2C=CHCl, F2C=CF2; | | | | |
| |(k) outline the processing of waste polymers by: | | | | |
| |(i) separation into types (ie PTFE, etc.) and | | | | |
| |recycling, | | | | |
| |(ii) combustion for energy production | | | | |
| |(iii) use as a feedstock for cracking in the | | | | |
| |production of plastics and | | | | |
| |other chemicals; | | | | |
| |(l) outline the role of chemists in minimising | | | | |
| |environmental damage by: | | | | |
| |(i) removal of toxic waste products, ie removal of | | | | |
| |HCl formed during disposal by combustion of | | | | |
| |halogenated plastics (ie | | | | |
| |PVC), | | | | |
| |(ii) development of biodegradable and compostable | | | | |
| |polymers, ie from isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), | | | | |
| |maize and starch |Copy out the equations to calculate percentage yield and atom | | | |
| |k) carry out calculations to determine the |economy into your notes. Work through the example on page xx |Evidence of worked | | |
| |percentage yield of a reaction; |of the OCR text book, making appropriate notes, especially on |example in notes |One more worked whole | |
| |(l) explain the atom economy of a reaction as: |bits you found challenging (Targets!) | |class example the | |
| |molecular mass of the desired products / sum of | | |questions to be done | |
| |molecular masses of all products x 100%; | | |individually (page xx) | |
| |(m) explain that addition reactions have an atom | | | | |
| |economy of 100%, whereas substitution | | |Exam style question | |
| |reactions are less efficient; | | | | |
| |(n) carry out calculations to determine the atom | | | | |
| |economy of a reaction; | | | | |
| |(o) describe the benefits of developing chemical | | | | |
| |processes with a high atom economy in terms of fewer | | | | |
| |waste materials; | | | | |
| |(p) explain that a reaction may have a high | | | | |
| |percentage yield but a low atom economy. | | | | |
| | | | | | |
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