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2.02 Infection Control Key Terms Name _______________
Handout Date ________________
|Key Terms |Definitions |
|Aerobic |requires oxygen to live |
|Anaerobic |does not require oxygen to live |
|Antiseptic hand wash |washing hands with water and soap or other detergents containing an antiseptic agent |
|Alcohol-based hand rub |rubbing hands with an alcohol-containing preparation |
|Asepsis |free of pathogens |
|Endogenous |originates from within the body |
|Exogenous |originates outside the body |
|Hand hygiene |performing hand washing, antiseptic hand wash, alcohol-based hand rub |
|Hand washing |washing hands with plain soap and water |
|Infection |invasion of the body by microorganisms |
|Local infection |only a specific portion of the body is infected |
|Non-Pathogenic |normal, do not produce disease, beneficial |
|Nosocomial Infections |hospital acquired infection |
|Opportunistic infection |Infections that occur when the body’s defenses are weakened |
|Pathogenic |cause infection and disease |
|Resistant |remain firm against the action of another force, such as a bacteria against an antibiotic |
|Sterile |free of all organisms |
|Susceptible |able to be affected; person likely to get sick |
|Systemic infection |affects the entire body |
2.02 Types of Infection Name _______________
Handout Date ________________
Directions: Record notes and class discussion about local versus systemic infections.
Local versus Systemic Infections:
[pic]
| |Examples |
|Types of Infection | |
|Endogenous- | |
|Exogenous- | |
| | |
|Nosocomial infections- | |
| | |
|Opportunistic infections- | |
| | |
| | |
2.02 Classes of Microorganisms Name _______________
Handout Date ________________
Directions: Record notes and class discussion about classes of microorganisms.
|Microorganisms |
|Non-pathogenic: do not produce disease |Pathogenic: cause infection and disease |
|Normal, beneficial |May be non-pathogenic in one body system, pathogenic in another (E. coli) |
|Aerobic |Anaerobic |
|requires oxygen to live |does not require oxygen to live |
|Gram-positive: |Gram-negative: |
|Generally respond to treatment |Endotoxic |
| |Pyogenic |
| |Difficult to treat |
|Class |Characteristics |Examples |
| | |(answers will vary) |
|Bacteria |cocci – round in shape | |
| |bacilli – rod shape | |
| |spirilla – spiral or corkscrew shape | |
|Protozoa |one celled, animal-like organism | |
| |contain a nucleus and other defined organelles | |
|Fungi |organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes | |
| |parasitic relationship with their host | |
|Rickettsiae |rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria | |
| |transmitted to humans through bites | |
| | | |
|Viruses |small, infectious agent | |
| |requires a host for survival | |
| |produce immune response in humans | |
| |treated with antiviral drugs | |
|Helminths |parasitic worm-like organisms | |
| |Excrete toxins making host susceptible to other diseases | |
2.02 Chain of Infection Activity Name _______________
Handout Date ________________
Directions: Cut out labeled strips. Make notes on the appropriate strip while viewing the PowerPoint presentation related to the chain of infection.
|Causative Agent |Reservoir |Portal of Exit |Mode of Transmission |Portal of Entry |Susceptible Host |
2.02 Infection Control Precautions Name _______________
Handout Date ________________
Directions: Record notes and class discussion about infection control precautions.
|Standard Precautions |Bloodborne Pathogen Standard |
| | |
|Used on All Patients |Prevention of injuries when using needles, scalpels, and other sharp |
| |instruments or devices; when handling sharp instruments after procedures; |
|Use of PPE when there is the risk of contact with any blood or body fluid, |when cleaning used instruments; and when disposing of used needles. |
|secretion, excretion, mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or tissue specimen.| |
| |Never re-cap used needles |
| | |
| |Correct use of sharps containers |
| | |
| |Use resuscitation devices |
| | |
| |To reduce occupationally transmitted hepatitis B |
| | |
|Tuberculosis Standard |Extended Infection Control Precautions |
| | |
| | |
| | |
|OSHA Standard to reduce occupationally transmitted/acquired TB |Standard Precautions PLUS |
| | |
|Requires FIT tested and training in use of specific respiratory PPE |Airborne Precautions or |
| |Contact Precautions or |
|PPD skin testing annually |Droplet Precautions |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
2.02 Extended Infection Control Precautions Name _______________
Handout Date ________________
Directions: Record notes and class discussion about extended infection control precautions.
Extended precautions
= Standard Precautions PLUS…
|Airborne Precautions |Droplet Precautions |Contact Precautions |
|Facts that are unique to each type of precaution |
|Patient’s room door must be closed. |Most infection occurs |Anything that comes in contact or indirect |
| |within three (3) feet of the patient. |contact of the patient is contaminated. |
|Pathogens remain suspended in the air on |Droplets are heavy and usually fall to the |Needed for diseases that can be easily |
|dust particles. |floor within the three feet range. |transmitted by direct or indirect contact. |
|High Efficiency Particulate (HEPA) |Droplets come from coughing, sneezing, |Diapered or incontinent patients with |
|respirators required for health care |talking, or laughing. |intestinal infections |
|workers. | | |
|Health Care Workers (HCWs) must be fit |HCW must wear Mask / face shield if within |Wear gown if soiling is likely. |
|tested for HEPA respirators |3 feet of patient. | |
|Helps prevents the spread of: rubella |Helps prevent the spread of: |Helps prevent the spread of |
|(measles), |Some bacterial and viral Influenza(s), |gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, or |
|varicella (chicken pox), tuberculosis, (TB)|meningitis(es) pneumonia, sinusitis, |wound infections. |
|shingles (herpes zoster) |otitis media, diphtheria, pertussis, | |
| |adenovirus, mumps | |
|Negative Pressure Room with frequent air | |Private room a must. |
|exchanges required. | | |
|Facts that all precautions have in common: |
|Limit use of non-critical care equipment to a single patient / resident. |
|Wash hands after care. |
|Bag linen to prevent contamination of self, environment, or outside of bag. |
|Discard infectious trash to prevent contamination of self, environment, or outside of bag by double bagging. |
|Limit transport of patient / resident to essential purposes only. Patient / resident must wear mask appropriate for disease. |
2.02 Standard Precautions Name _______________
Handout Date ________________
Directions: Use notes and textbook answer the following questions regarding standard precautions.
|“Who” developed SP? |
|“When” does SP apply? |
|“What situations necessitate the need for SP? |
|“What” supplies are needed for SP? |
|“Where” should SP supplies be located before and after use? |
|“What” should be done to prevent needle sticks? |
|“When” should hands be washed? |
|“When” are gloves worn? |
|“When” should mask and eye protection be worn? |
|“When” should gowns be worn? |
|“What” is the proper way to handle patient care equipment? |
|“What” is the proper way to handle linen? |
|“What” resuscitation devices should be used? |
|“Where” the patient should be placed? |
|“What” are the results of failing to abide by SP? |
|“What” is my employers responsibility? |
|“What” is my responsibility in SP? |
|“What” must be removed before putting on gloves? |
|Patient care equipment should be left in the room and used only for this patient. If this is not possible, all equipment must be cleaned |
|and disinfected before using on another patient. |
|Rings – to avoid puncturing the gloves. |
|Before and after contact with any patient; after contamination with any blood, body fluid, secretion, or excretion; and immediately before |
|donning and immediately after removing gloves. |
|The patient must be placed in a private room. |
|Soiled linen should be placed in laundry bags to prevent contamination. Linen soiled with blood, body fluids, or excretions is placed in a|
|special bag for contaminated linen and is usually soaked in a disinfectant prior to being laundered. |
|To follow all rules and regulations; to report any exposure immediately to supervisor; to complete necessary incident report. |
|Any situation where health care provider may contact: Blood or any fluid that may contain blood; Body fluids, secretions, or excretions – |
|mucus, sputum, saliva, vomit, semen, or vaginal secretions, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, or tissue/cell specimens. |
|Mouthpieces should be used to avoid the need for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. |
|The agency must have a policy stating actions that must be taken immediately when exposure to infectious materials or injury occurs, |
|reporting any incident, documenting any exposure incident, recording the care given, noting follow-up to the exposure incident, and |
|identifying ways to prevent similar incidents. |
|Chain of infection continues; failure to protect yourself, the patient, and other health care workers. |
|CDC |
|Before use, SP supplies should be stored in a clean area. After use, care must be taken to avoid contamination of clean supplies. Items |
|should be placed in a “dirty” area. |
|Whenever contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, tissue specimens, or non-intact skin is possible; when |
|handling or cleaning contaminated surfaces or items; and when performing any invasive procedure. |
|Gloves, gowns, and masks/eye protections |
|During any procedures that are likely to cause splashing or spraying of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions that may contaminate |
|clothing or uniform. |
|During procedures that may produce splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions. |
|When possible, safe needles or needleless devices should be used. Disposable needles must never be bent or broken after use. Never re-cap|
|needles. Place used needles in the sharps container. |
|At all times to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. |
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