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Sentence Structure 5 (a) – Complex Sentences: Adverb ClausesA dependent adverb clause can tell us why, when or where or can introduce an opposite idea (contrast). Below are examples of the common conjunction these clauses begin with.1. Read the example dependent clauses below and highlight the conjunctions.When/wherewhile they slowly made their way along the route. When Zhang Qian returned to ChinaAs soon as peace returnedWhysince it was becoming easier and safer to transport goods by water instead of overland.because war made it more difficult to transport goods along the Roadas a response to the increased demand for silkContrastEven though sections of the Silk Road have been buried by sand,although the land routes were more accessible for travellersRemember that the conjunction is part of the clause!2. Look at the sentences below. Underline the dependent clause, highlight the conjunction and identify the meaning of the clause (i.e. why / when-where / contrast).Although the name the Silk Road suggests a continuous journey, very few travelers traveled it from start to finish.Because a large part of the trade along this road consisted of silk, it was named ‘the Silk Road' by Ferdinand von Richthofen, an eminent German geographer, in 1877.The Silk Road was first traveled by a Chinese diplomat, Zhang Qian when he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Central Asia during the Han dynasty in the 2nd century BCE.3. Punctuation. Look at the three sentences in in exercise 2. Two of the sentences have a comma between the clauses; the other sentence doesn’t. Can you think of a rule for the use of commas with adverb clauses?4. Pronouns. Look again at the three sentences. Circle any pronouns in these sentences. Circle the noun they refer to. In which clause do we write the noun and in which do we write the pronoun?5. Match the independent and dependent clauses in the table below and then write them in your notebooks as complete sentences. Make sure that you have used the correct punctuation and used pronouns in the correct clause (you may have to change a noun to a pronoun).First Clause Second Clause 1. The sea routes were quicker and cheaperwhile they slowly made their way along the route. 2. When Zhang Qian returned to Chinathe local dry climate has preserved several sites which are a thousand years old.3. The trade route began over 2000 years agosince it was becoming easier and safer to transport goods by water instead of overland.4. The success of the Silk Road depended on peacealthough the land routes were more accessible for travellers.5. As soon as peace returnedZhang Qian was able to give information about central Asia to the Chinese people.6. This process resulted in an increase in the price of productsas a response to the increased demand for silk.7. Even though sections of the Silk Road have been buried by sandit was difficult to move back to the Oasis towns because the deserts had covered them.8. The ultimate decline of the Silk Road in the 15th century was due to the development of the sea routesbecause war made it more difficult to transport goods along the Silk Road.ReviewAn adverb clause is a dependent clause. It cannot be a sentence on its own. It gives information about why, when/where or introduces contrast. The correct use of commas and pronouns are important when using adverb clauses (like this one). ................
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