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Parts of the Sentence – Adverb ClausesA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. Example: The television was playing (independent clause which can stand alone and make sense) as I left the room (dependent clause which must be attached to the independent clause to make sense). There are three kinds of dependent clauses: adjective clause, adverb clause and noun clause.?An?adverb clause?is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.?Adverb clauses?are introduced by?subordinate conjunctions?including?after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where,?and?while. These are just some of the more common ones.?Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game had ended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb?arrived?telling when.)?Instructions:?Find the adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.?You clean the bathroom while I clean the carpet.Ann was confident that she would play the best.Bring in the toys before they get destroyed.I stood on the box so that I could see the top of the shelf.Your face becomes red when you are angry.When you came from the garage, did you see the mower there?Because the field was muddy, the game had to be cancelled.Although you should return to class, just wait here for me.As I sat motionless, the two squirrels came closer and closer.Since I can spare only a few minutes, please be brief with your presentation.?Sometimes the?adverb clause?is placed at the beginning of the sentence. When it introduces the sentence, it is always set off with a comma. Example: Before the game had ended, they arrived.?Than?and?as?introduce clauses that are called?elliptical clauses. That is they have some of their parts understood but not stated. Example: You are smarter than I. (am smart.) They always modify the comparative word (smarter).?Instructions:?Complete the elliptical adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.?My dog is older than I.Jim can run faster than Jeff.Pam spells more accurately than she keyboards.He is trying as hard as James.Barbara is a better tennis player than Jeanne.Although I became tired, I enjoyed the hike.You cannot become an expert driver until you drive for several years.Buy that coat now because it might be sold tomorrow.I cannot reach the top window unless I have a ladder.After you have eaten lunch, we will leave for New York.Ila reads music better than Becky.The dog whined sadly as I walked into the house.If you have time, finish doing the dishes for me.Many operations are unsuccessful because the patient is not careful afterwards.Whenever I go out the door, the dog barks to go also.?Adverb clauses like adjective clauses can give variety to your sentences.?Instructions:?Combine the following sentences using adverb clauses at the end of the sentence.?We watched the robins. They raised their young in our apple tree.Becky read the book. It was recommended by a friend.Dad donates his suits to charity. He has worn them a year.The policemen delayed the drivers. The wrecks were cleared.Ann ate an apple. She studied her vocabulary.Frank started medical training. He drove a forklift for a living.The rains had started the mud slides. The homes were not safe to live in.Older people love to sit in the park. They feed the birds and visit.I enjoyed camping out. I was much younger.Joe recognized the man. The man had stopped his car to help.Sometimes we find adverb clauses that have left some words out. They are called reduced adverb clauses. Example: While (she was) speaking to the timid student, the teacher spoke slowly.?Instructions:?Reduce the adverb clauses in these sentences.?1. While he was watching the geese, he saw the fox.?2. Richard got a thorn in his finger when he was pruning the roses.?3. The cat meowed loudly after it searched for a way into the house.?4. Although the man feared being ostracized, he continued helping everyone.?5. Will measured the board again before he made his final cut.???Instructions:?Rewrite the following reduced adverb clauses adding the missing words.?1. After hearing the terrible noise, they ran for their lives.?2. The customer paid for his groceries when passing through the check-out stand.?3. Allen is only happy while participating in an argument.?4. Before leaving for the hike, the boy scouts were warned about snakes.?5. Until watering the lawn in the morning, he didn't see the dandelions in it.?Review:?Find the adverb clauses in these sentences and tell what word they modify. If it is a reduced adverb clause or elliptical adverb clause add the missing words.?1. You act as if I enjoy punishing you.?2. The contractor roughened the concrete while it was still wet.?3. My sister is smarter than I.?4. The manager talked with the workers after listening to their suggestions.?5. Before returning to work, he ate his lunch.?1. You seem very happy when you help other people.?2. While you wait, we will detail your car.?3. I am happier than I ever was before.?4. That horse is more obstinate than a mule.?5. After seeing the final act, the audience applauded enthusiastically.?6. The woman took notes while being taught to cook with broccoli.?7. Ben fields baseballs better than he hits.?8. Although never having held office, the candidate decided to run for governor.?9. As the lions approached the carcass, the cheetahs retreated once more.?10. While eating, I choked on a bone.? ................
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