AIM: How did the Cold War affect America



AIM: How did the Cold War affect America?

Objectives: Cold War’s effect on America policy; international effects of US policy (Europe and Asia)

| |After WWII, the US and the USSR were the only two super powers remaining |

| |Bad relationship since the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 – seen as a threat to all capitalistic countries |

| |Could not trust the USSR |

| |Recognized them in 1933, finally, yet still distrusted them during the wartime alliance |

How did US policy show its dislike of the USSR?

|Marshall Plan (European Recovery Plan) |US economic aid to Europe to strengthen their economies and democracy |

| |$12 billion plan offered (to USSR and satellites, as well) |

| |helped Western Europe become self sufficient and avoid the threat of communism – increased US exports, while|

| |deepening rift with the USSR |

|Berlin Airlift |June, 1948 – USSR cut off access to Berlin |

| |US flew in supplies to West Berlin; bombers to London |

| |Stalin chose not to challenge the blockade |

| |May, 1949 – Soviets open up access, but created 3 Germanies |

How was the Cold War the official end to US isolation?

|Joined the UN after WWII |Also, NATO – a defense pact |

| |10 European nations along with the US and Canada |

|What was the effectiveness of NATO? |led to major military commitments abroad |

| |(countered by the Warsaw Pact) |

|How did the Cold War change policy domestically? |National Security Act (1947) |

| |Department of defense – centralized control over the Armed Forces |

| |Nation Security Council – making foreign policy |

| |CIA – gather intelligence |

How did the arms race affect America?

|US developed new tactics to deliver weapons |NSC recommended – quadruple us defense spending |

|USSR – nuclear by 1949 |Form alliances with non-communist nations |

| |Convince Americans that arms buildup was crucial for defense |

How did the Cold War effect US-Asia relations?

|A new Japan |MacArthur in command; US in sole control |

| |7 generals executed after the war |

| |new parliamentary constitution set up |

| |war not to be a national objective; limited military |

|Occupation ended in 1951 |Surrendered its claims to Korea and islands in the Pacific |

| |Provided bases for US occupation – against communism |

| |Prospered under US influence |

|Philippines |Granted full independence |

| |With US bases for its defense (against communism) |

| |Granted other UN trustee islands |

| |Pacific looked like a US “lake” |

|China |Chiang v Mao (Nationalists v Communists) |

| |Chiang granted millions in US aid during and after the war (against Japan and Communists) but lost it on |

| |corruption and a failing army |

| |Chiang flees to Taiwan – true China |

| |Mao signs the Sino-Soviet Pact – Asia lost to the communists |

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