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Unit 6: The Great Depression and World War II (1929 – 1949)Notes 3 of 3center8763000619125037338000African-Americans continue to develop their culture and establish their place in American society during the Great Depression and World War 2.The World War II Era and the Seeds of a Revolution (1936 – 1948)left444500The outbreak of World War II impacted the lives of African-Americans, as many served in the military _________________ or as wartime __________________ on the home front.World War II-23812530162500As the 1930s came to an end, the world moved ever closer to another _________________ war.Many African-Americans responded to the growing crisis of WW2 with greater activism.For example, A. Philip Randolph organized a march on Washington to demand that blacks have the right to _______________________________________ for their country.588581526733500The march was eventually called off after President Roosevelt created the _____________________________________ Practices Committee (FEPC).Race and the U.S. Armed ForcesCalls for the end of discrimination in the military met strong ______________________, as African Americans continued to face racism and discrimination.Examples of Racism: A study by the American War College concluded that blacks could not _________________ themselves in the face of danger and that they did not have the resourcefulness of whites.Example of Discrimination: African-American soldiers were segregated and served mostly in ___________________________ units (kitchens, boiler rooms, transportation, etc.).-2381259334500The black community responded to discrimination in the military with attempts to create awareness of it and through __________________.Black American leaders _______________________black workers, black women’s groups, college students, and an ______________________coalition to protest against inequality in the military.The NAACP published numerous ________________ which spoke against the army’s segregation policy.6019800825500The Beginning of Military DesegregationIn response to ___________________from black officers, civil rights leaders, and the press, the War Department made some changes. In 1943 the War Department produced the film, The Negro Soldier. The film, designed to ___________to both black and white audiences, emphasized the ________________________ of blacks soldiers since the American Revolution.Many African Americans saw combat, although under white officers. Black artillery, tank destroyer, antiaircraft and combat engineer battalions fought _______________ in Europe and Asia.-24765031178500The most visible group of black soldiers served in the _________________________.The ________________________ Airmen, an all black unit trained in Tuskegee, Alabama, showed the effectiveness of black pilots in combat.Tuskegee Pilot Coleman Young stated, “Once our reputation got out as to our fighting ________, we started getting special requests for our group to ______________ their group, the bombers.”right825500The _________________________ campaign was launched in 1941 as a call for African Americans to fight _______________ in Europe and ____________in the United States. Sponsored by the NAACP, the National Urban League and the black press, this action was seen as an opportunity for promoting ________________.By the time African-American soldiers returned home from their service they experienced a greater sense of themselves and a greater _____________________to the fight for black equality.61817251409700028575028765500Black People on the Home FrontWW2 helped accelerate the _______________________ of blacks from rural areas to the cities in search of work.The ______________ for wartime workers helped _______________________ barriers to employing African Americans in industry.-18097510668000The government took further steps to _________ job discrimination in defense industries.Despite advancements for black workers at this time, racial tensions remained high, sometimes resulting in_____________________.Throughout the war, African-American protest groups continued to __________racial inequality.564832514986000The Transition to Peace20002562611000As WW II came to an end, a new conflict known as ‘________________________’ began. The two superpowers, the US and the ______________________, were in conflict over their competing political views, ‘Democracy vs. _______________________’.In the US, conservatives used fear of communism to attack all advocates of _________________, including people who fought for civil rights.571500031686500In 1948, President ______________________________ issued Executive Order #9981, officially ________________________ the armed forces.Executive Order #9981 marked a _______________ in the struggle to fully integrate the nation’s military.With the outbreak of the ________________________ in 1950, the US military would become one of the first sectors of American society to abandon _____________________. ................
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