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APUSH UNIT 3 Dr. I. Ibokette

From Jeffersionism to Jacksonianism, 1800 to the 1830s

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Please use the 5-step guidelines below in reading and taking notes on this unit.

Step 1: Pay attention to the “the large picture” or the central theme of the chapter and write down the titles of each unit, chapter and sub-headings/sections;

Step 2: Take notes on key points on the assigned chapters’ sub-sections; and pay particular attention to the key terms and names from the ID list (highlight/underline them).

Step 3: Briefly answer the “study questions” listed at the end of each sub-section. Your answers should be in whatever form you find to be the most useful (complete sentences, bullet points, outline format, etc.)

Step 4: Thoughtfully answer the “essential unit questions” from the unit guide. Your responses to these questions should be typed (double-spaced). Each response should be approximately 250 words long (do not exceed one page for each question).

Step 5: Draw up a timeline of about 7-10 key events/developments from the assigned reading.

Essential Unit Questions:

1. How did the U.S. try to assert itself internationally in this era?

2. How did nationalism shape domestic and foreign policy in the period 1800-1820?

3. In what ways did the U.S. become more “democratic” in the “Age of Jackson”?

4. How did Supreme Court decisions under John Marshall assert federal power over state laws

Chapter 7: The Jeffersonian Era

Sub-sections, Key Names and Terms; and Study Questions:

a. Setting the Stage, 183

➢ “Looking Ahead”:

i. How successful was Jefferson’s effort to create a “republican” society dominated by sturdy independent farmers?

ii. How did the Napoleonic Wars affect the United States?

iii. What events and issues led to the 1812 War?

b. The Rise of Cultural Nationalism, 184

1. Republican education – Jefferson’s vision vs. reality

2. “Republican Motherhood”

3. Noah Webster

4. Deism

5. Second Great Awakening

6. Prosser Rebellion

Questions:

1. Describe the main features of American education during the early nineteenth century.

2. What historical events and ideas disturbed church establishments and prompted the Second Great Awakening in American society?

3. What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening on women, African Americans and Native Americans?

4. How did the Second Great Awakening compare with the First Great Awakening?

c. Stirrings of Industrialism 191 **** Skip this section, for now. It belongs in Unit 4.****

1. Samuel Slater

2. Eli Whitney—cotton gin, interchangeable parts

3. Robert Fulton

4. “turnpike era”

Questions

1. What evidence supports the claim that American technology underwent a “revolution” between 1790 and 1820?

2. What was the significance of Eli Whitney to the development of the American economy during the first decades of the nineteenth century?

d. Jefferson the President 195

1. Barbary pirates

2. Marbury v. Madison

3. Chief Justice John Marshall

4. Samuel Chase impeachment

Questions:

1. In what ways was Thomas Jefferson’s presidency a confirmation of his ideals? In what ways did it violate those ideals?

2. What were the decisions made and actions taken by Thomas Jefferson during his administration that most significantly changed the role of the presidency in American politics?

3. Describe the importance of Marbury v. Madison in the evolution of the federal government. Or: What was the long-term significance of the Marbury v. Madison ruling?

e. Doubling the National Domain 200

1. Louisiana Purchase

2. Lewis and Clark

3. Essex Junto

4. Burr “conspiracy”

Question: How did Americans respond to the Louisiana Purchase?

f. Expansion and War, 205

1. Napoleonic Wars

2. British impressment

3. Chesapeake-Leopard Incident

4. Embargo Act

5. Non-Intercourse Act

6. Macon’s Bill No. 2

7. William Henry Harrison

8. Tecumseh

9. Tenskwatawa

10. Battle of Tippecanoe

Questions:

1. How did the Napoleonic wars affect the US?

2. Was Jefferson more successful in the domestic or foreign policy arena? Explain.

3. What foreign entanglements and questions of foreign policy did Jefferson have to deal with during his presidency? How did these issues affect his political philosophy?

g. The War of 1812, 211

1. War Hawks

2. War of 1812

3. Hartford Convention

4. Treaty of Ghent

5. Rush-Bagot Agreement

1. Questions:

1. What were the causes and effects of the War of 1812?

2. What happened to the Federalist Party? Why did they disappear?

3. What historical events exposed the instability and weakness of the American federal government during its first thirty years of existence? How was the authority of the government strengthened?

4. In what ways was American nationalism strengthened in the early nineteenth century? In what ways was it challenged?

h. End-of-Chapter Review, 214

➢ Looking Back

➢ Significant Events

Recall and Reflect 216

i. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments.

Chapter 8: Varieties of American Nationalism

Sub-sections, Key Names and Terms; and Study Questions:

a. Setting the Stage, 218

➢ Looking Ahead:

b. Building a National Market 219 *******

1. 2nd Bank of the U.S.

2. Francis Cabot Lowell

3. internal improvements

Questions:

1. What was the “turnpike era” and what were its strengths and weaknesses in transportation?

2. During the first decades of the nineteenth century, what role did the federal government play in “internal improvements” of transportation?

c. Expanding Westward 221 *******

Question:

1. How successful was Jefferson’s effort to create a “republican” society dominated by sturdy independent farmers?

2. What factors motivated Americans to engage in a westward migration in the early nineteenth century? What type of American was more likely to move into the West?

3. Describe life in the Far West and compare its realities with the popular image of western life held by eastern Americans.

***** We will explore sections b and c more fully in Unit 4. Read but do not take notes on them for this unit.

d. “The Era of Good Feelings” 224

1. Francis Cabot Lowell

2. internal improvements

3. Virginia Dynasty

4. Clay’s “American System”

5. “Era of Good Feelings”

6. Adams-Onis Treaty

7. Panic of 1819

Questions:

1. How did the War of 1812 stimulate the national economy?

2. What was the Era of Good Feelings?

3. How did the United States government attempt to stimulate economic growth during the early nineteenth century?

e. Sectionalism and Nationalism 226

1. Panic of 1819

2. Tallmadge Amendment

3. Missouri Compromise

4. Fletcher v. Peck

5. Dartmouth College v. Woodward

6. McCulloch v. Maryland

7. Gibbons v. Ogden

8. Worcester v. Georgia

9. Monroe Doctrine

Questions:

1. Why was the Monroe Doctrine Proclaimed? Could the United States have enforced the Monroe Doctrine in 1823? Why or why not?

2. What was the long-term significance of the Monroe Doctrine?

3. By examining the Missouri Compromise, what can one learn about slavery as a political issue in the United States during the early nineteenth century?

4. What effect did the Marshall Court have on the legal status of Indian tribes?

f. The Revival of Opposition 229

1. 1824 election and “corrupt bargain”

2. “tariff of abominations”

3. 1828 election

Questions:

1. Was the “corrupt bargain” of 1824 really corrupt? Explain.

2. What were the reasons for the rise of sectional differences in this Era? What attempts were made to resolve these differences? How successful were those attempts?

g. End-of-Chapter Review 232

➢ Looking Back

➢ Significant Events

h. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

Chapter 9: Jacksonian America

Main themes of Chapter Nine:

1. The expansion of the electorate during the "age of Jackson," and the limits of that expansion

2. The growing tension between nationalism and states' rights, as specifically reflected in the nullification crisis and the Webster-Hayne debate

3. The brutal treatment of Native Americans by the Jackson administration, culminating in Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears

4. The competing views of American economic development held by both sides in the Bank War, and their regional implications

5. The rise of the Whig Party as an alternative to Andrew Jackson and the Democrats; and the Jacksonian political strategies used by both Whigs and Democrats in the Second Party System

Sub-sections, Key Names and Terms; and Study Questions:

a. Setting the Stage, 325

➢ Looking Ahead:

i. How did the electorate expand during the Jacksonian era, and what were the limits of that expansion?

ii. What events fed the growing tensions between nationalism and states’ rights and what were the arguments on both sides of that issue?

iii. What was the Second Party System, and how did its emergence and rise change national politics?

a. The Rise of Mass Politics 236

1. Andrew Jackson

2. Jacksonian Democracy

3. Dorr Rebellion

4. Alexis de Tocqueville

5. Second Party System

6. spoils system

7. national party convention

Questions:

1. What was Andrew Jackson’s political philosophy, and how was it reflected in the politics and actions of his administration?

2. How “democratic” was the United States during the 1830s? Who was included in the political process and who was not?

3. To what extent did Jackson represent the rise of the “common man”?

4. What obstacles did Andrew Jackson see to American democracy? What steps did he take to reduce those obstacles?

5. What steps did Andrew Jackson take as president to strengthen the authority of the federal government? What did he believe should be the limit of that authority?

b. “Our Federal Union” 240

1. John C. Calhoun

2. nullification theory

3. Kitchen Cabinet

4. Webster-Hayne Debate

5. nullification crisis

Question:

1. How did debates over tariffs, states’ rights and westward expansion lead to increased sectionalism?

2. What events fed the growing tensions between nationalism and states’ rights and what were the arguments on both sides of that issue?

c. The Removal of the Indians 243

1. 1830 Removal Act

2. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

3. Worcester v. Georgia

4. Indian removal

Questions:

1. How and why did white attitude towards Native Americans change, and how did these changes lead to The Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears?

2. What alternatives to Indian removal existed, and why were they not taken?

3. Why did Andrew Jackson not consider native tribes to be a part of democratic America? How did his Indian removal policy fit into his concept of democracy?

4. What were the various tactics employed by the “Five Civilized Tribes” to resist removal? Why were these tactics ultimately unsuccessful in preventing their removal?

d. Jackson and the Bank War 247

1. Bank War

2. Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge

Questions:

1. For what reasons did Andrew Jackson oppose the doctrine of nullification and the Bank of the United States? What were the consequences of his successful defeat of the doctrine and the Bank?

2. Who supported and who opposed the bank of the US and why? Who was right?

3. How did Jackson’s ideals of democracy compare with those of Thomas Jefferson?

4. How did Jackson increase the power of the presidency?

5. To what extent did Jackson represent the rise of the “common man”?

6. How did debates over tariffs, states’ rights and westward expansion lead to increased sectionalism?

e. The Changing Face of American Politics 250

1. Whig party

2. Martin van Buren

3. Specie Circular

4. Panic of 1837

5. Log Cabin campaign

6. Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Question:

1. Characterize the presidency of Martin Van Buren.

2. What role did political parties play during the 1830s and 1840s?

3. How did opposition to Jacksonianism lead to the rise of the Whigs?

4. How had the nation’s general perception of political parties as part of the democratic process changed since 1790, and why?

5. What were the causes of the Panic of 1837, and its effects on the presidency of Van Buren?

6. The negotiations that led to the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, and the importance of the treaty in Anglo-American relations

f. End-of-Chapter Review 257

➢ Looking Back

➢ Significant Events

g. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

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