Muscle - Georgetown ISD
|Muscle |Origin |Insertion |Action |
|1. Frontalis (anterior part of epicranius|galea aponeurotica (epicranial |eyebrow and nose |raises eyebrows |
|– main muscle of scalp) |aponeurosis) | | |
|2. Occipitalis (posterior part of |occipital and temporal bones |galea aponeurotica |pulls scalp posteriorly |
|epicranius – main muscle of scalp) | |(epicranial aponeurosis) | |
|3. Orbicularis oculi |frontal and maxillary bones |eyelid |Closes eye |
|4. Zygomaticus |zygomatic bone |skin and muscle at corner of |raises lateral corners of mouth; smiling muscle |
| | |mouth | |
|5. Orbicularis oris |maxilla and mandible |encircles mouth |closes lips; kissing/whistling muscle |
|6. Masseter |zygomatic arch and zygomatic |mandible |prime mover of jaw closure |
| |bone | | |
|7. Temporalis |temporal fossa |mandible |closes jaw |
| | | | |
|8. Sternocleidomastoid |sternum and clavicle |mastoid process of temporal bone|Flexes head and laterally rotates head |
| | |and occipital bone | |
|9. Rectus abdominis |Pubic bone and symphysis |xiphoid process and ribs |flexes, rotates lumbar region of vertebral column; |
| | | |depresses ribs; stabilizes pelvis when walking; used |
| | | |in sit ups, curls |
|10. External oblique |Ribs |linea alba, pubic bone, and |flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall |
| | |iliac crest | |
|11. Internal oblique |Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, |linea alba, pubic bone, ribs |flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall |
| |inguinal ligament | | |
|12. Transverse abdominis |Inguinal ligament, ribs, iliac |linea alba, pubic bone |compresses abdominal contents |
| |crest | | |
|13. Serratus anterior |Ribs |Scapula |rotates scapula/moves it laterally and upward |
|14. Trapezius |occipital bone and thoracic |clavicle and scapula |stabilizes, raises, retracts, rotates scapula (moves |
| |vertebrae | |scapula) |
|15. Pectoralis major |Clavicle, sternum, |Humerus |adducts and medially rotates arm; pulls rib cage |
| |and ribs | |upward |
|16. Deltoid |clavicle and scapula |Humerus |Prime mover of arm abduction; antagonistic to |
| | | |latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major; active during |
| | | |arm swinging when walking |
|Muscle |Origin |Insertion |Action |
|17. Latissimus dorsi |Ribs, vertebrae, scapula, and |Humerus |Prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; |
| |ilium | |medially rotates arm at shoulder; pulls body |
| | | |up/forward with hands overhead as when doing chin ups|
|18. Teres minor |Lateral border of scapula |Humerus |Rotates arm laterally |
|19. Teres major |Posterior surface of scapula at|Humerus |Extends, medially rotates, and adducts arm |
| |inferior angle | | |
|20. Triceps brachii |Scapula and humerus |Olecranon process of ulna |Powerful forearm extensor |
|21. Biceps brachii |Coracoid process of scapula; |Radius |Flexes and supinates forearm |
| |glenoid cavity; humerus | | |
|22. Sartorius |Ilium |Tibia |flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes |
| | | |knee |
|23. Adductor magnus |Ischium and inferior ramus of |Linea aspera and adductor |Adducts and medially rotates and flexes thigh (raises|
| |pubic bone and ischial |tubercle of femur |thigh towards body); extends thigh (lowers thigh) |
| |tuberosity | | |
|24. Gracilis |Ischium and inferior ramus of |Tibia |Adducts thigh; flexes, and medially rotates leg; |
| |pubic bone | |flexes knee |
|25. Quadriceps Group: |Ilium; femur |Base of patella; tibia |Extends and stabilizes leg; flexes thigh at hip; knee|
| | | |extensor |
|Rectus femoris | | | |
|Vastus lateralis | | | |
|Vastus medialis | | | |
|Vastus intermedius | | | |
|26. Gluteus maximus |Ilium, sacrum, coccyx |Femur |Major extensor of thigh; abducts and laterally |
| | | |rotates thigh |
|27. Gluteus medius |Ilium |Femur |Abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis; |
| | | |important in walking |
|28. Hamstrings: |Ischium; femur |Fibula, tibia |Extends thigh; flexes knee and leg |
| | | | |
|Biceps femoris | | | |
|Semitendinosus | | | |
|Semimembranosus | | | |
|29. Tibialis anterior |Tibia |Tarsus and a metatarsal bone |Prime mover of dorsiflexion (flexes foot); inverts |
| | | |foot |
| | | | |
|Muscle |Origin |Insertion |Action |
|30. Fibularis (peroneus) longus |Fibula |Tarsus and a metatarsal bone |Plantar flexes and everts foot |
| | | | |
|31. Gastrocnemius |Femur |Calcaneus via the Achilles |Plantar flexes foot when knee/leg is extended (leg is|
| | |tendon |straight and foot bends toward tibia); flexes knee |
Definitions
Prime mover or agonist – a muscle that has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement
Antagonist – muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement
Flex, flexion – decreases angle between articulating bones of a joint (bring thigh towards body or bending the knee)
Extend, extension – increases angle between articulating bones of a joint (take thigh away from body – you are standing or lying down flat or when the leg is straightened).
Abduct – moving away from midline or median plane of body (raising the arm laterally)
Adduct – movement of a limb toward body midline (lowering raised arm)
Inversion – turns medially – special movement of foot – sole of foot turns medially
Eversion – turns laterally – special movement of foot – sole of foot faces laterally
Dorsiflexion – lifting the foot so its superior surface approaches the shin
Plantar flexion – depressing foot (pointing the toe)
Elevate – lifting a body part superiorly (scapulae elevate when you shrug shoulders)
Depression – moving the elevated part inferiorly
Supinate – turning backwards - refers to movement of radius around ulna. In the anatomical position the hands are supinated - the palms face anteriorly or ventrally - and the radius and ulna are parallel.
Pronate – turning forward - refers to movement of radius around ulna - the forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly
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Origin, Insertion, and Action Worksheet
In textbook p. 331-383
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