Pintz.weebly.com



AICE English Language-Paper 1-Conglomerated NotesStudy your elements of Language and StyleFigurative Language (SHAMPOO)Simile – comparison using the words “like” or “as”Hyperbole – exaggeration for effectAlliteration – repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of wordsAllusion –reference to a historical or literary figure or eventMetaphor – implied comparisonPersonification – Giving human qualities to things that aren’t humanOxymoron- paradoxical statement with opposites that appear to contradict one anotherOnomatopoeia- word that imitates sound effectVoice (DDIST)Diction – Word choice (be sure to identify what type of diction, i.e. humorous diction or negatively connoted diction)Detail – facts, observation, reasons, examples, etc. (The specifics that make the writing come alive)Imagery –Appeal to the five senses (Sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell)Syntax – How the text is arranged. This includes sentence structure, punctuation, paragraph structure, and word order.Tone – The attitude conveyed by the authorParts of SpeechNoun – person, place, thing, or ideaVerb – shows action or state of beingAdjective – words used to describe nouns or pronounsAdverb – words used to describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbsPronoun – words that take the place of nounsConjunction – words used to combine or connect words, phrases, or clausesPreposition – words that show time, distance, or locationInterjection – words that show emotion or surpriseRhetorical devicesAnaphora – repetition of words at the beginning of clausesParallel structure – repetition of grammatical structureRepetition – reoccurrence of words or phrases for desired effectRhetorical question – question asked to make a point or set up an argumentAnecdote – short example or story included to gain interestIrony – something humorous based on contradictionAppeals – logos, ethos, pathos (reason, credibility and trust, emotion)Contrast/Juxtaposition –placement of things side by side to emphasize their different characteristicsWhen writing your introduction, consider the following notes:The introductory paragraph to an analysis essay is usually brief. Here is one way to get it written effectively.Put SOAPS in your introduction and follow this format: FORMAT: 1. Speaker, Genre, and Subject (Writer Description), (writer’s name), in his/her (type of text), (strong verb – see analysis verb list) (writer’s subject). Intelligent and sarcastic writer, Swift, in his essay, constructs a logical argument for an absurd solution to a serious problem. 2. Purpose (Writer’s last name)’s purpose is to (what the writer does in the text). Swift’s purpose is to highlight the poverty and starvation of the Irish people while mocking those responsible for the problem.3. ToneHe/she adopts a[n] (adjective describing the attitude/feeling conveyed by the writer) tone in order to (verb phrase describing what the writer wants readers to do/think) in his/her (intended audience). He creates a sarcastic tone in order to interest his readers and perhaps bring awareness though his dark comedy. EXAMPLE: Intelligent and political writer, Swift, in his essay, constructs a logical argument for an absurd solution to a serious problem. Swift’s purpose is to highlight the poverty and starvation of the Irish people while mocking those responsible for the problem. He creates a sarcastic tone in order to interest his readers and perhaps bring awareness through his dark comedy.Planning and Structuring a Commentary or AnalysisRead the passage closely at least twice: The first reading should give you an overall sense of the passage, and the second reading should give you an opportunity to focus on language and style.Divide the passage into equal sections: One consideration is to divide into beginning, middle and end.Divide your time into equal sections that matches your division of sections. This will help make sure you cover the entire passage.Make a list of key words and phrases. (no longer than six or seven words)Plan your response – Consider the progression of the passage:Comment on similarities and differencesShow how attitudes develop or changeExplain how focuses shift from one thing to anotherWhat kinds of words and phrases should you list?Ones that suggest a particular mood or attitudeOnes that suggest certain qualities or ideasOnes that seem to echo others in the extractOnes that seem to contrast others in the extractHow do I use these words and phrases? Focus on:What voice or perspective is exemplified through these specific words?What is the passage or writer implying or what message is being given?What relationships and/or social positions in the passage are presented and how do they change or develop?What contexts are shown? Are they for example, cultural, social, economic, geographical, or historical.How do I write my commentary or analysis?Organization and Body ParagraphsWhen writing an analysis, it is crucial that you work chronologically through the text. This means that you start at the beginning of the text and work your way through it by discussing what the writer is saying and the effectiveness of the strategies he/she is using at the beginning, middle, and end of the text. Sometimes this means that you will discuss each paragraph (one at a time), and sometimes this means that you will divide the text into sections and discuss the beginning, middle, and end of the text. Whether you discuss each paragraph or each section depends on the length and organization of the text itself. To help you move chronologically through the text, there are transition words you can use. A few of them are listed below: BeginsOpensClosesContrastsShifts toJuxtaposesendsMoves toTopic SentencesThe first sentence of each body paragraph identifies which section of the text you are discussing and the main idea of that section. (Writer’s last name) (transition word) his/her (type of text) by (strong verb) that (main idea of this section of the text). Swift begins his essay by ridiculing the poor, the starving, and the helpless.Strong Verb Options:ImpliesTrivializesFlattersQualifiesDescribesSuggestsDenigratesLionizesDismissesAnalyzesQuestionsComparesVilifiesPraisesSupportsEnumeratesContrastsEmphasizesDemonizesEstablishesExpandsCharacterizesClarifyConsidersElaboratesEnhanceExpressIllustrateConveyOverstateMaintainMergeOfferPersistsRecommendSpecifiesAnalyzing DICTIONEffective diction is shaped by words that are clear, concrete, and exact. Good writers avoid words like pretty, nice, and bad because they are not specific enough. Instead, they rely on words that invoke a specific effect in order to bring the reader into the event being described. Examples: A coat isn’t torn; it is tattered. The US Army does not want revenge; it is thirsting for revenge. A door does not shut; it thuds.When you are writing an essay in which you are analyzing the diction of the writer: Avoid saying: “The writer used diction…” – since this is obvious (diction IS the words on the page; without them, the page would be blank ?). Instead, say: “The writer creates a ______________ diction through the use of…” OR “The language of the text is ___________________.”Below are some specific words you may use to describe the diction of the text:AbstractAcademicAmbiguousBitingBombasticBrusqueCacophonousCasualcausticcolloquialcolorfulcommonconcreteconnotativeconversationalcrispculturedcurtdenotativedetacheddivisiveemotionaleuphemisticeverydayexactfancifulfigurativefloweryfolksyformalgrandioseinflammatoryinflatedinformalinsincerejargonlearnedliteralloadedmelodiousmonosyllabicnostalgicAnalysis Tips and TricksIdentification and evidence The (identification), (“evidence from the text”), (strong verb), (effect)Example: The hyperbole, “are forced to employ all their time strolling” construes an image of a lazy, worthless beggar. The “Dig”The language of the text is_____________________. For example, the author states, “_______________________.” The word “_______” (analysis verb) (effect) while the word “___________”(analysis verb) (effect).Example: The language of the text is caustic. For example, the author states, “a child just dropped from its dam,” when referring to the birth of a child. The word “dam” dehumanizes the mother, while the word “dropped” shifts the miracle of birth from an act where something is created to one where something accidentally occurs.The “Says this instead of that”The author states (evidence) instead of (alternative) in order to (effect)The author states “the fore and hindquarter” instead of the “the legs and hips” in order to make the children seem like nothing more than animals. The author continues to suggest with this technical diction that that his unreasonable proposal is completely reasonable since the victims aren’t viewed as people anyway. ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download