Physics C Equations Sheet - College Board
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C TABLE OF INFORMATION
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Proton mass, = mp 1.67 ? 1027 kg Electron charge magnitude, =e 1.60 ? 1019 C
Neutron mass, = mn 1.67 ? 1027 kg
1 electron volt, 1= eV 1.60 ? 1019 J
Electron mass, = me 9.11 ? 1031 kg Avogadro's number, = N0 6.02 ? 1023 mol1
. Universal gas constant, R 8.31 JI(mol K)
Speed of light, =c 3.00 ? 108 mIs
. I Universal gravitational constant,
= G
6.67 ? 1011 N m2
kg2
I Acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface,
g 9.8 m s2
Boltzmann's constant, = kB 1.38 ? 1023 JIK
1 unified atomic mass unit,
I 1 u = 1.66 ? 1027 kg = 931 MeV c2
Planck's constant,
. . h = 6.63 ? 1034 J s = 4.14 ? 1015 eV s
. . hc = 1.99 ? 1025 J m = 1.24 ? 103 eV nm
Vacuum permittivity,
I . = e0 8.85 ? 1012 C2 N m2
. I I Coulomb's law constant, =k 1 4pe= 0 9.0 ? 109 N m2 C2
Vacuum permeability,
. m=0 4p ? 107 (T m)IA
. Magnetic constant, k?= m0 I4p= 1 ? 107 (T m)IA
1 atmosphere pressure,
I 1 atm = 1.0 ? 105 N m2 = 1.0 ? 105 Pa
meter, m
UNIT SYMBOLS
kilogram, second, ampere,
kg s A
kelvin, K
mole, mol
hertz, Hz
newton, N
pascal, Pa
joule,
J
watt, coulomb,
volt, ohm, henry,
w
farad,
F
C
tesla,
T
V degree Celsius, ?C
W
electron volt,
eV
H
PREFIXES
Factor Prefix Symbol
109
giga
G
106
mega
M
103
kilo
k
102
centi
C
103
milli
m
106
micro
m
109
nano
n
1012
pico
p
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES
q
0
30
37
45
53
60
90
sin q
0
1I2 3I5 r2;2 4I5 r3;2
1
cosq
1 r3;2 4I5 r2;2 3I5 1I2
0
tan q
0 r3;3 3I4
1
4I 3
3
?
The following assumptions are used in this exam. I. The frame of reference of any problem is inertial unless otherwise stated. II. The direction of current is the direction in which positive charges would drift.
III. The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from an isolated point charge.
IV. All batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated. V. Edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor are
negligible unless otherwise stated.
164|AppendixV.1
AP Physics C: MechanicsCourse and Exam Description
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS
MECHANICS
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
?x ?x0 axt
x
x0
?x0 t
1 2
axt
2
?x2 ?x02 2ax x x0
a
? mF
Fnet m
a = acceleration
E= energy F= force f = frequency
h = height
I = rotational inertia
J = impulse
K= kinetic energy
FE
1 4pe0
q1q2 r 2
E
FE q
?E
dA
Q e0
A= area B= magnetic field
C= capacitance
d = distance
E= electric field
e = emf
F= force
I = current
F
dp dt
k = spring constant ? = length L = angular momentum
Ex
dV dx
J = current density
L = inductance = length
? J F dt Dp
m= mass P= power
DV ? E dr
n = number of loops of wire per unit length
p mv
IF-f I? m1F~N I
? D E W F d r
p = momentum
r = radius or distance
T= period
t = time
U= potential energy
v = velocity or speed
? V
1 4pe0
i
qi r i
U E
q V
1 q1q2 4pe0 r
N= number of charge carriers
per unit volume
P= power Q= charge
q = point charge
R= resistance
K
1 2
m?2
P
dE dt
W= work done on a system x = position m = coefficient of friction
q = angle t = torque
DV
Q C
C
k e0 A d
PF v DUg mgDh ac ? r2 w2r t= r ? F
w = angular speed a = angular acceleration f = phase angle
Fs kDx
Us
1 2
k
Dx
2
Cp ?Ci i
1 Cs
?
i
1 Ci
I
dQ dt
a
? It
tnet I
x xmax cos(wt f
T
2 wp
1 f
? I r2dm ? mr2
xcm
? mi xi ? mi
? rw
L = r ? p = Iw
F Ts 2p
m k
f Tp 2p g
I- IFG
Gm1m2 r 2
K
1 2
I
w2
UG
Gm1m2 r
w w0 at
UC 12 QDV
R
re
A
E rJ
I Nevd A
I
DV R
Rs
? Ri
i
1 Rp
?
i
1 Ri
r = radius or distance
t = time
U= potential or stored energy V = electric potential
v = velocity or speed r = resistivity
F = flux
k = dielectric constant
FM= qv ? B
.?0 B- d ? m0I
1 2
C
DV
2
dB
m0 4p
I d ?? r 2
r
= F ? I d ? ? B
Bs m0nI
.? FB B dA
. ? e
0
E-
d?
dFB dt
e
L
dI dt
UL
1 2
LI
2
q
q0
w0t
1 2
at
2
P I DV
-2-
AP Physics C: MechanicsCourse and Exam Description
AppendixV.1|165
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS
GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY
Rectangle
A bh
Triangle
A
1 2
bh
Circle
A pr2
C 2pr
s rq
Rectangular Solid
V f wh
Cylinder V pr2
S 2pr 2pr2
Sphere
V
4 3
p
r3
S 4pr2
A =area C =circumference V =volume S = surface area b =base h =height = length w =width r =radius s = arc length q = angle
q
Right Triangle
a2 b2 c2
sin q
a c
cosq
b c
tan q
a b
~ ~ a b
CALCULUS
df dx
df du
du dx
d
dx
xn
nxn 1
d
dx
eax
aeax
d dx
ln
ax
1 x
d dx
sin
ax
a cosax
d dx
cos ax
a sin ax
? = xn dx
n
1
1
xn 1,
n
?
-1
? eax dx
1 a
eax
? x d xa ln x a
? cosax dx
1 a
sin
ax
? sinax dx
1 a
cos
ax
VECTOR PRODUCTS A?B AB cosq A ? B = ABsinq
166|AppendixV.1
AP Physics C: MechanicsCourse and Exam Description
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