Mr
Mr. Voelger Social Studies
Name: ______________
Review: Final exam review
Test Review: Articles of Confederation/ Constitutional Convention
1. Define Republic: Government is controlled by the people electing representatives.
2. Define Enlightenment: period of time that greatly influenced the U.S. constitution. People have natural rights
3. Declaration of Independence A document that lists the reasons why the colonies want to be free from Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson wrote it. He was influenced by John Locke’s views on the rights of man and the need to overthrow a corrupt government.
4. Articles of Confederation- America’s first government that failed. Shay’s rebellion proved that the weak federal government wasn’t strong enough to do its job.
5. Constitutional Convention- Place in Philadelphia where the founding fathers wrote our constitution.
6. Define Northwest Ordinance- It opened up lands west of the Mississippi to Americans eager to expand.
7. weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation: Weak central government
8. What significance did George Washington have on the founding of the United States? He laid the foundation for the executive branch by creating a cabinet and resigning after two terms. He also left the message that the United States shouldn’t get involved in foreign problems in his Farewell address.
9. Compare and contrast Antifederalists and Federalists
10. Explain the two plans of government offered by Virginia and New Jersey at the Constitutional Convention?
11. How did the common person get information on the Constitutional Convention? The Federalist papers wrote about what was going on at the constitutional convention. It mostly supported federalist ideas.
12. What is the Bill of Rights and how did it get placed in the Constitution? The first ten Amendments that were put in the constitution to get the Anti-federalists to sign the document. (It gives us most of our rights)
13. What was the largest Compromise about that took place at the Constitutional Convention? Explain? The great compromise created a two house legislature. One house based on population and one house based equally.
14. What is the 3/5 Compromise? That for every 5 slaves in a slave state they will be counted as 3 free people when it comes to deciding their representation in the House of Representatives.
Identification:
A) Robert E. Lee --> Commander of the Confederate Army. He turned down
Lincoln’s offer to lead the Union Army. Choosing his home over his country (& making the war last much longer)
B) Bull Run ---> the first real battle of the Civil War. A Confederate
victory, it showed Americans the war would not be over quickly.
c) Antietam ---> the first Union victory of the war (September 1862). Lincoln
then issued the Emancipation Proclamation
D) Emancipation Proclamation ---> Freed all of the slaves in the Southern states on January 1, 1863. It could not be enforced but it did give the war a higher purpose’ & discouraged France & Britain from helping the South.
E) Gettysburg ---> a three day battle in Pennsylvania (July 1 - 3rd) it was a Union victory & was the turning point of the Civil War.
F) Gettysburg Address ---> Lincoln gives new meaning to the war when he says we must keep fighting or else all these men will have died in vain. The Union is now fighting for a “New birth of freedom & the belief that “all men are created equal”.
H) Ulysses S. Grant ---> after starting the war in disgrace he eventually became the leader of the Union Army. He realized the North should use their
population advantage to engage in huge battles.
I) Jefferson Davis ---> 1st (& only) President of the CSA. Presided over secession from the U.S. Ran the Confederacy during the Civil War
J) Fort Sumter ---> Where the Civil War begin in Charleston, S.C. on April 12, 1861. A bloodless opening to the bloodiest war in American history.
K) Reasons for fighting --->
North: Union (no state can secede), Anti-slavery (didn’t want slavery to expand [not abolitionists]), democracy (the South was trying to overrule the majority of Americans).
South: states rights (South had joined the Union, they can leave it), slavery (freeing slaves would mean social & economic chaos), liberty (North was threatening their way of life). Both sides were so far apart that a compromise seemed impossible.
4) List four advantages the North (USA) had at the beginning of the War.
1. population
2. $$$$
3. manufacturing
4. surplus food
5. railroads & transportation
6. Navy
5) List three advantages the South had at the beginning of the War.
1. Better generals
2. “Home field” advantage
3. Slave Labor
4. Didn’t have to win
Colonial America
1. Thomas Jefferson: Wrote the Declaration of Independence
2. Benjamin Franklin: Ran the first Post Office set up by the Continental
Congress
3. Thomas Paine: Wrote “Common Sense”
4. Lexington & Concord: The Shot heard round the world” actions of the
Minutemen
Underground Railroad: An escape route used by enslaved African Americans.
Dred Scott: A Supreme Court decision that stated that enslaved people were property, Congress could not pass laws that would take them away from their owners.
John Brown: An Abolitionist that led the raid at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, increased Southerners fears of the Northerners opposition to slavery.
Thomas Jefferson: Pro- French, Secretary of State, third President, Republican, did not believe in rule by the wealthy class
Federalists: Political Party, stood for a strong Federal government and a national bank
Republican: Political Party, feared a strong Central government
Political Parties
• Federalists: Strong central govt.
• Democratic-Republican : Strong state govt.
Today there is no longer a Federalist Political party, Democratic and Republican separated
The Elastic Clause
Abolition: Anti Slavery
Underground Railroad
Sectionalism: When parts of the country acted together, an exaggerated loyalty to a particular region
The North
most people were still farmers…corn, potatoes started industry, factories, building ships, whaling industry, more advanced, built railroads
The South
plantations grew cash crops, did not make industrial advancements
1. What was the main issue in the Missouri Compromise?
Would Missouri become a slave state or not. Home of Mark Twain
2. Was Missouri going to become a slave state?
Missouri did become a slave state.
3. What two states entered the union as a result of the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri & Maine
4. In what year was Texas annexed?
1845
5. The Mexican American War lasted how many years?
1845-1848 lasted 3 years
6. What territory did the US get as a result of the Mexican American war?
Mexican Cession
7. How did the US acquire Oregon?
We divided Oregon between Britain and the United States, the US took the southern half and Britain the Northern half
8. Why is 1849 important to California?
That was the year of the California Gold Rush
9. What state entered the union as a result of the Compromise of 1850?
California, California became a free state and the Southern states got the Fugitive Slave Act passed
10. What was the Fugitive Slave Law?
It required officials to help capture slaves that escaped. If you were caught helping a slave escape you would be fined and/or be put in prison, it wanted to stop the Underground Railroad.
11. The Kansas/Nebraska Act opened the territories up to “Popular Sovereignty
What was popular sovereignty?
This act was passed four years later and opened up the states to popular sovereignty. Popular sovereignty is the idea that people living in a territory had the right to decide by voting if slavery would be allowed there.
12. Briefly describe “Bleeding Kansas”
A protest against proslavery and anti slavery “civil war” fought in Kansas.
13. The Dred Scott decision was what?
It was a Supreme Court ruling that states that all slaves are property.
14. What were the two parts of the ruling?
That living in a free state did not make Dred Scott free from slavery.
A slave is property and cannot sue in the Supreme Court System
15. Who wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin?”
Harriet Beecher Stowe
16. Why was it so important
It described the life of a slave, upset the Northerners when they read it. Showed slavery as a cruel and brutal system.
17. Who led the raid on Harpers Ferry Virginia?
John Brown
18. What was his plan?
To attack the arsenal, and start another rebellion against slave owners by arming enslaved African Americans.
19. What was the name of the new anti-slavery party?
Constitutional Union Party
20. Who was their first candidate?
Douglas
21. In what year was Lincoln elected?
1860
22. What was the first state to succeed from the union?
South Carolina
23. In what year did that happen?
December 20, 1860
24. What was the battle of “Fort Sumter”
The Southern states wanted to hold federal property, Confederates were trying to take them, Lincoln did not want to start a war by taking back the forts so he let the Confederates keep them…
The Confederates were demanding the surrender of Fort Sumter
25. What was States Rights?
State Rights is the belief that State laws should take precedence over Federal law within that state.
26. What was abolition?
Anti Slavery
Underground Railroad
27. What was sectionalism?
Sectionalism is when different parts of the country come together for a common cause; an exaggerated loyalty to a particular region.
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Anti-federalists
➢ Supported a weak federal government
➢ Thomas Jefferson
➢ Supported a Bill of Rights
➢ Supported States rights
Federalists
➢ Supported a Strong federal government
➢ Alexander Hamilton, John Adams
➢ Supported Federal Government rights
The Virginia Plan
➢ Wanted all states to be represented by population in the legislative branch.
The New Jersey Plan
➢ Wanted all states to be represented equally in the legislative branch.
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