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Unit 2: The Gilded AgesAssignmentsName: ___________________Unit 2 Overview: The Gilded AgesName: _______________________________ Period: ____________ Date: __________Start on page. 92 in the blue bookWhat characterized the Second Industrial Revolution? How did it lead to the increase in the nation’s GDP? (92)What were some natural resources that led to the nation’s economic boom? (92)Why did the nation’s workforce increase during this period? (93)What were some new inventions that also led to an increase in the American economy? (94)What is Laissez-faire economics? (95)What is an entrepreneur? (95)Name 2 men who grew rich from the rise of railroads. (98)Who is a Robber Baron? (99)Who grew rich from the production of steel? (100)What’s the difference between vertical and horizontal integration? (102)Who became wealthy through monopolizing oil? (102)What is a monopoly? (102)What is an industrial union? (105)Name 3 labor strikes (107)Name three labor unions. (107-108)Where did many immigrants pass through on their journey to the US? (115)Why did many immigrants come to America? (114)What is nativism? (116)What were some ways the US government fought against immigration? (116-117)Describe tenements. Who lived in them? (119)What was a political machine? How would they become rich? (120-121)What is Social Darwinism? Why was it used? (123)What was the main idea behind Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth? (123)What was Populism? (130) What two groups led this movement? (130)Name 3 ways southern states restricted voting rights to African Americans (134-135)What were Jim Crow Laws? (135)What did Ida B. wells fight against? (136) What did Booker T. Washington advise African Americans to do? (136-137)Who challenged Washington’s idea? What did he believe? (136)Industry and Technology of the Gilded AgeMuch of the industrial and technological advancements of the 18th Century enabled much economic success in the United States. Despite this success, many debate on the overall impact the Gilded Ages had on all Americans. Write an ACES paragraph responding to the following question:Did industrialization have a positive or negative impact on the United States during the Gilded Ages? (Be sure to use your notes to answer the question)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Entrepreneurs of the Gilded AgesEntrepreneurDates AliveIndustryBusiness Strategy/3 interesting factsJohn D. RockefellerAndrew CarnegieJP MorganCornelius VanderbiltJay GouldWashington DukeRobber Barons or Captains of Industry? Judging from the primary sources, does the author feel that the entrepreneurs of the Gilded Ages were good or bad. Typically, those who felt that they were bad for society dubbed them “Robber Barons” while others who felt that they were positive for society and the American economy called them “Captains of Industry:. After looking at these sources, you be the judge.Document ADoes this prove the industrial leaders were robber barons or captains of industry? How? Does this prove the industrialists were robber barons or captains of industry? How? “Bosses of the Senate”Does this prove the industrialists were robber barons or captains of industry? How? Document D This, then is held to be the duty of the man in Wealth: First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance...the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his superior wisdom, experience and ability to administer, doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves.-Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth”, 1889Does this prove the industrialists were robber barons or captains of industry? How? Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?In an ACES Paragraph, write if you believe the industrial leaders of the Gilded Age that we have talked about should be referred to as Robber Barons (negative) or Captains of Industry (positive). Please use one of the documents on the other side of the sheet to support your answer. And remember:Each sentence should answer each step…A- Answer the question (1st Sentence)C- Cite your evidence (2nd Sentence)E- Explain your answer (3rd Sentence)S- Summarize your argument (4th Sentence)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Robber Baron TombstoneName: ________________________________ Period: ____________ Date: __________On the tombstone below, write the robber baron’s name, date of birth, date of death, and three facts you feel best describe this person’s life. In addition to those facts, at the bottom of the tombstone, write a quote you feel best embodies your robber barons life. What motto do you think your particular robber baron lived by?Gilded Ages ArticleName: ________________________________ Period: _____________ Date: ___________The Dark Side of the Gilded AgeJack Beatty, the author of?Age of Betrayal, talks about the poverty, inequality, and corrupt politics that marred America's past and set us on a course toward todayBy: Katie BaconThe phrase "America's Gilded Age" typically brings to mind the financial exploits and consequent dazzling wealth of the "robber barons": Vanderbilt, Rockefeller, Morgan, Carnegie, and others. The fortunes they made have left us with lasting monuments that, in most of our minds, exemplify the era: mansions in Newport, great camps in the Adirondacks, treasure-filled libraries and museums in Manhattan. But in his new book,?Age of Betrayal,?Atlantic?senior editor Jack Beatty paints a much different picture.What group of people comes to mind when we think of the Gilded Age?According to the author, what have these men left behind?What can we tell from this first paragraph about the Gilded Age?"This book," Beatty begins, "tells the saddest story: How, having redeemed democracy in the Civil War, America betrayed it in the Gilded Age." The era began with Reconstruction and with the promise that blacks would not only rise up in status but be included in the nation's civic life. It opened new avenues for the working man to improve his station by starting his own business, or by moving out west to work his own farm. And it set forth the ideal that for the first time in the nation's history, rather than allowing disenfranchised slaves to count toward a given state's representation in the federal government (thereby politically empowering Southern slave-owners), each man would be accorded a single vote.According to Beatty, what was “betrayed during the Gilded Age?What were some encouraging things that existed during Reconstruction?What idea was set forth for the very first time?Yet by century's end, sharecropping had replaced slavery as a way to keep blacks working in penury, and the voting rights so recently granted were taken away. The industrialization of the country, which brought so much wealth to so few, left most of the rest struggling to get by as wage laborers, working for someone else in the factory or on the farm. And wealth influenced and co-opted the government at all levels, through unregulated campaign contributions, vote buying, and similar machinations.Beatty leaves it to others to describe the glamour of the Gilded Age. Instead he makes viscerally clear the grinding poverty, the bloody racial hatred, the violent labor strikes, and the corrupt politics that also characterize that era. And he makes clear, too, the parallels with our own time, where once again a yawning gap has opened between rich and poor, and political influence is available for the taking by anyone willing and able to pay.What were some of the realities of the Gilded Age?How does Beatty characterize the Gilded Age?To what time period does Beatty compare the Gilded Ages?Industrialization, Big Business, and Immigration WorksheetName: _____________________________________ Period: __________ Date: ____________Why did mark Twain call this period the “Gilded Ages”?What three factors contributed to American Industrialization?What did capitalism in the US encourage?Name two inventions that transformed American life, transportation, or production.What was the Bessemer Process? How did it impact American architecture?What are 2 pros and 2 cons of Industrialization of the US?What is a trust?Name 3 “Robber Barons” who grew to great wealth during the Gilded Ages. In what industry did they gain their wealth?“Rockefeller killed its rivals, in brief, by getting the great trunk lines to refuse to give them transportation. Vanderbilt is reported to have said that there was but one man- Rockefeller- who could dictate to him.”H.D. Lloyd, The Atlantic, 1881According to this quote above, what did Rockefeller gain on the oil industry?What is the idea of Social Darwinism?Explain Andrew Carnegie’s idea in “The Gospel of Wealth”.Why did many immigrants come to America? Where many of them from during the Gilded Ages?What two places were most immigrants processed once arriving to the US?What idea do you think this political cartoon is supporting? Why?What is urbanization?“Go into any of the ‘respectable’ tenement neighborhoods… you shall come away agreeing that… life there does not seem worth living… The airshaft… seems always so busy letting out foul stenches… that it has not time to earn its name bringing down fresh air”Jacob Riis, How the Other Half LivesWhere did most immigrants live after arriving to the US?According to the above quote, what was the problem with where they lived?Why do people debate whether or not the great industrial leaders of the Gilded Age are “Robber Barons’ or “Captains of Industry”?Immigration Journal EntryDuring the late 1800’s, a large number of immigrants from all over the world came to the New World in search of a better life. In the space provided below, put yourself in the shoes of an immigrant making their way to the US by writing a journal entry. Your entry must answer the questions below and should be written in the first person as if you are the immigrant writing the entry. Here are some questions you should consider while writing your entry:What is your name?Where are you coming from?Where are you settling?Where are you going to live?Who all came with you in the US?Where are you going to work?What was your experience getting into the country like?What challenges are you facing?Why did you leave your original country?Is it better in the US?What do you hope to accomplish here?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Organized Labor Movement Advertisement During the Gilded Ages, there were very little laws regulating big business and how they conducted their business affairs. This usually meant robber barons and entrepreneurs of the times would do whatever they could try to gain a competitive edge to maximize profits for their corporation. This would typically lead to low wages and long ours for their workers as well as monopolies that would exploit both consumers and farmers. In the space provided below, draw an advertisement trying to attract factory workers to join a union of your choosing. In your ad, you must have the following:Illustration with colorExplanation of what your union is about-441434285246What change you want to accomplish for workersLabor Strike Newspaper ArticleIn the space below, write an article about a labor strike that took place during the Gilded Ages. Your article must have the following:Date of the eventAn eye-catching headlineIllustrationFacts about what happened: The who, what, where, when, why and the outcomeCrash Course: Gilded Age PoliticsName: __________________________________ Date: ________________ Grade: __________Where does the Gilded Age get its name?What is a political machine?What was the most famous political machine?Who was the most famous “shark-like” machine politician of the day?Other than their corruption, who did political machines serve? What did Tammany Hall expect in return?What 2 things would political machines do if the corruption didn’t work?What presidency is associated with much corruption? What two scandals plagued his presidency?What did Gilded Age Republicans favor?What did Gilded Age Democrats believe in?What did both parties support?What national reform legislation was passed during the Gilded Age? What prompted it?What unintended effect did this law have?What issue greatly motivated farmers in the west?What movement did the farmers in the west begin over this issue?What did this movement eventually become?What political party did they form?Where did they meet to form their platform?Who did this party particularly appeal to?In reaction to the Populist movement, what happened in many western states for women?Why did many populists struggle to unify?Who was the best known Populist Party Candidate?Who did he lose to? What did this election because known as? Why?What happened to the Populist Party as a result of this election?What group of journalists exposed the corruption of government?What were some Populist ideas that became mainstream after the party died out?Labor Unions and Politics of the Gilded AgeName: ____________________________________ Period: __________ Date: ___________What is Laissez-Faire economics?What is collective bargaining?Describe factory life.Name 2 Labor Unions that were created? Why were they created?Name 3 Strikes that we have talked about? How did the government end them?“One might search the whole list of Congress, Judiciary, and Executive… from 1870-1895, and find little but damaged reputation.”-Henry Adams, 1896Describe American politics during the Gilded Ages.What was a political machine and who led the biggest one in New York?Who uncovered much of the political corruption of this period? How?How did the government try to correct its corrupt image?“There are great crops raised in Nebraska. One if the crop of corn, one a crop of freight rates, and one a crop of interest. One is produced by farmers who seat and toil to farm land. The other two are produced by men who sit in their offices and behind their back counters and farm the farmers”According to this quote, who do you think is speaking?Who do you think this person is angry at?What political party represented the American Farmer? Who led it?What platform did they run under? What did they want?What was the lasting legacy of that party?How did the government try to regulate transportation more?What is this political cartoon criticizing?What is this political cartoon saying about the Populist Party? Who is the snake supposed to be?WEB DuBois vs. Booker T. Washington“The wisest among my race understands that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremest folly, and that progress in the enjoyment off all privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than artificial forcing… It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercises of these privileges.”Booker T. Washington, 1895How does Washington believe African Americans will achieve racial equality?Does he believe it is wise to demand for rights aggressively?“The Negro must live peaceably with his white neighbors… the Negros must deport himself modestly… depending upon the slow but sure influences that proceed from the possessions of property, intelligence, and high character for the full recognition of his political rights.”Booker T. Washington, 1895What must African Americans focus on before getting political rights?Does he feel it is wise to seek for racial equality immediately?“We claim for ourselves every single right that belongs to a freeborn American… and until we get these rights we will never cease to protest… How shall we get them? By voting where we may vote, by persistent, unceasing agitation, by hammering at the truth, by sacrifice and work.”W.E.B. DuBois, 1896What is the tone of DuBois’s quote above? When does he want racial equality?How does he feel African Americans should go about fighting for social and racial equality?“Men we shall have only as we make manhood the object of the work of the schools — intelligence, broad sympathy, knowledge of the world that was and is, and of the relation of men to it — this is the curriculum of that Higher Education which must underlie true life. On this foundation we may build bread winning, skill of hand and quickness of brain, with never a fear lest the child and man mistake the means of living for the object of life."The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of the Worst.”W.E.B. DuBois, 1903According to the first quote above, how will African Americans achieve racial equality and independence?According to the second quote above, what is going to lead the African American population to success?3143250609600W.E.B. DuBois00W.E.B. DuBois1009650609600Booker T. Washington00Booker T. Washington2419350955675238125955675In the Venn Diagram below, I would like for you to write all of the similarities and differences in the ideas of W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington. Please find at least 2 differences for each and one similarity.“America: The Story of Us – Cities”Video GuideWhat country gave the Statue of Liberty to the United States?Why was New York City in danger of losing the Statue of Liberty soon after it arrived?How did they pay for it?Where did most immigrants arrive as they entered the United States?What critical ingredient was needed to build cities upward?How did Andrew Carnegie solve the problem of steel production?Where does Carnegie build his first steel plant?What was the other breakthrough that allowed buildings to grow so tall?What problems do many cities in America face by 1890?How was the problem of identifying criminals solved?What other problems were plaguing urban streets in the late 1800’s?What did Jacob Reese use to photograph the desperation of life in the slums of America?What was Reese trying to accomplish with his slide shows of tenement living?What were the first two steps accomplished by Reese in his photography?What is the biggest cause of disease in New York and other cities in America?Who were the “white ducks”?What were the results of Col. George Waring’s efforts in New York City and other cities in America? What other improvements were made in American cities?What was Thomas Edison’s major invention?What obstacle did he have to overcome before he could perfect his invention?What material finally worked in his invention?Once Edison has invented the light bulb, what followed it?What problem was created when people worked in the tall buildings of cities? ................
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