The Battle of Lexington and Concord



Social Studies 3-5: The Battle of Lexington and ConcordIntended Audience: Students with significant cognitive disabilitiesStandards: SS.3.A.1.1- Analyze primary and secondary sources.SS.3.A.1.3- Define terms related to the social sciences.SS.5.A.1.1- Use primary and secondary sources to understand history.SS.5.A.5.5- Examine and compare major battles and military campaigns of the American Revolution.Additional Access Point Standards:LAFS.3.RI.1.AP.1b- Identify supporting details of an informational text read, read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively and orally. LAFS.3.RI.1.AP.2a- Determine the main idea of text read, read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively and orally. LAFS.3.SL.1.AP.1b- Ask questions to check understanding of information presented in collaborative discussions. LAFS.3.SL.1.AP.1c- Link personal ideas and comments to the ideas shared by others in collaborative discussions. LAFS.3.SL.1.AP.1d- Express ideas and understanding in light of collaborative discussions. LAFS.4.SL.1.AP.1c- Make appropriate comments that contribute to a collaborative discussion. LAFS.4.SL.1.AP.1d- Review the key ideas expressed within a collaborative discussion. LAFS.5.RI.3.AP.9a- Identify key details from multiple sources on the same topic (e.g., what are the important things that you learned?). LAFS.5.SL.1.AP.1a- Make appropriate comments that contribute to a collaborative discussion. LAFS.5.SL.1.AP.1c- Review and respond to the key ideas expressed within a collaborative discussion.Learning Objectives:Students will understand the importance of the Battle of Lexington and Concord.Students can identify the two sides/countries involved in the Battle of Lexington and Concord.Vocabulary:militia/minutemen- men who were ready to go to battle quickly“red coats”- men in the British armycolonies- places ruled by countries far awaycolonists- people who settled in a new countryBritain- Englandreenactment- to repeat the actions of an eventMaterials:School House Rock video 0:00-1:00: School House Rock Shot Heard Round the WorldMap of Lexington and : Birth of the United States- The Shot Heard Round the WorldGoogle images: Lexington and Concord imagesVideo: Battle of Lexington and Concord Re-EnactmentClassroom props, art and creative supplies for reenactmentEssential/Guiding Questions:Why did the colonists want to fight a battle with the British?What did the British want to take way from the colonists when they arrived in Lexington and Concord?Who fired the first shot in the Battle of Lexington?Lesson Presentation:Activating Prior Knowledge: Write the word ‘battle’ on the Smartboard or chart paper. Say the word to students.Ask them to write or say what this word makes them think about.Students can write in their journals, turn and talk to a partner or quick talk.Tell them that they’ll learn about a battle that began the American Revolution.Modeled instruction: Show the video School House Rock Shot Heard Round the World from the beginning to 1:00. After the video, tell students that the battle happened in 2 towns in Massachusetts, Lexington and Concord. The minute men or militia fought the British or “red coats” back to Boston. This was the first battle of the American Revolution.Mark Lexington, Concord, and Boston on the map. Trace the battle route, indicating the move from Lexington to Boston.Read the brief article Birth of the United States- The Shot Heard Round the World. Define colonies, colonists, and Britain with visual supports.Use Lexington and Concord images to support the main idea of the text and to visually support key details.Show the video Battle of Lexington and Concord Re-Enactment. Tell students that they’ll be involved in recreating a battle scene. Define reenactment using the video as a visual support.Supported/Guided instruction:Show the video School House Rock Shot Heard Round the World and images of Lexington and Concord as a warm-up.Re-read the brief text. Ask questions related to the test using visual supports fromimages and video, if needed.Re-play the video Battle of Lexington and Concord Reenactment. Ask students what they’ll need to reenact the battle scene. Consider the following: 2 separate sides to represent the minute men and the British, “weapons” (no pretend guns or rifles per district policies), a narrator, an open space in which to move, etc.Whole group activity:Students will participate in a reenactment of the battle. Determine as a whole group the setting, actions of each member, and any dialogue.Prior to reenactment, students work in small group to create necessary props.Participate in reenactment. If possible, have another adult video so that it may be used for observation/assessment purposes.After reenactment, reconvene as a whole group. Ask students: 1. Why was this battle important? 2. Who fought in the battle and what were they fighting for? Engage students in collaborative discussion, asking additional questions as needed. Provide time and prompts for students to ask questions of peers.Small group suggestions:Depending on group need, create props to be used during reenactment.Students can write a narrative to be used during reenactment.With support, students can decide on roles within each group.Assessment:Students will participate in a reenactment of one of the battles. Teacher can use observation as part of the assessment if the reenactment is video-taped.Teachers should utilize district created rubrics to score student work. UDL:Multiple means of representation:Students can be a physically active member of the re-enactment.Students can point to pictures or images to show what happens next in the re-enactment.Students can sequence pictures to show the order of events in the battle.Students can narrate “the shot heard round the world”.Students can work in small groups or in whole group.Students can work with peer or adult supports.Multiple means of expression: Students can verbally engage in discussion.Students can engage in discussion using visual supports, real objects, pointing, gesturing, and/or eye gaze.Text to speech options are available for computers, iPads and other hand held devices. Google Chrome offers free extensions, such as Selection Reader and Select and Speak-Text to Speech, and apps, such as Text to Speech, Text to Speech with Google Drive, and TTS Reader- Unlimited Text-to-Speech.Speech to text options are also available from Google. Extensions include VoiceNote II-Speech to Text, Online speech recognition, and Co:Writer Universal. VoiceNote II is also available as an app; Speechnotes-Speech to Text Notepad is available as well.Additional information about text to speech and speech to text options are available through your district Assistive Technology Department.Expression may come in the form of verbal responses, signed responses, pointing/gestures, eye gaze, or through the use of a low or high tech device.Multiple means of engagement:Provide students with choices of how to interact with items in whole group.Provide a large space that supports whole group work.Encourage collaboration with peers in partners or small groups.Allow students to work independently.Allow students to be positioned for maximum learning engagement.Provide students with additional materials, if necessary.Assistive Technology Recommendations:All students should have a means of expressive communication and a way to be actively engaged in learning.Response modes may include, but are not limited to: eye gaze, gesturing or pointing to pictures/words/phrases, signing, low tech devices (GoTalks, etc.), or dynamic devices (iPad, etc.)Lesson vocabulary, photos/pictures and graphic representations should be created and/or printed prior to the lesson to provide all students with an opportunity to be engaged in discussion.Technology Needed:Smartboard, iPadAdditional Resources:: Map of Battle of Concord Retreat to Boston : Battle of Lexington and Concord : The Road to the American Revolution- The Shot Heard Around the : History Brief- Lexington and ConcordVideo- Liberty’s Kids: The Shot Heard Round the WorldVideo- 5 Minute History Lesson: Lexington and Concord ................
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