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PBS DNA Video NotesPart 1: The Secret of Life1. What characteristics of Watson and Crick made others think they would never succeed?2. What was “Black Monday”? How did “Black Monday” affect the direction of Wilkin’s career?3. In the race to uncover the structure of DNA, there were three main teams. Describe the three teams and the approaches they used top solve the mystery.4. Why did Rosalind Franklin laugh at Watson and Crick’s first model?5. What got Watson and Crick banned from the Race?6. What are the Chargaff rules? What does Chargaff have to be bitter about?7. Why was Pauling accused of being a double agent?8. Should science be an “open community” where ideas are exchanged and shared? How does NOT sharing information have an impact on scientific advancements?9. Do you believe that Watson and Crick went about their research in an ethical way? Why or why not?Part 2: Playing God1. What did Herb Boyer discover in bacteria? Describe what these enzymes did2. What gene did Stan Cohen and Herb Boyer add to bacteria?3. What was Robert Pollack’s fear regarding gene splicing/genetic engineering?4. What did microbiologists (scientists who study bacteria, fungi and infectious organisms) have to teach biochemists?5. What did Sydney Brenner do to prove genetic engineering was safe?6. What was Anande Chakrabarty the first engineer to do?7. What company did Bob Swanson and Herb Boyer start?8. What human gene did Walter Gilbert and his colleagues want to isolate for genetic engineering?9. What organism was insulin extracted from before genetic engineering?10. What ended up happening to Walter Gilbert’s team and their discovery of the insulin gene?11. What did Dave Goeddel and Genentech end up doing to get the insulin gene?12. Why do you think Boyer and Cohen were not awarded the Nobel Prize for their discovery?13. What company did Rob Horsch approach to see if genetic engineering was possible in plants14. What does Agrobacterium do to leaf discs?15. After the petunia, what plant did Horsch genetically engineer?16. What types of traits do scientists want to engineer into plants? (List more than one)17. How much of processed food contains genetically modified ingredients in the US?18. What are some concerns consumers have regarding genetically modified foods?19. What is the scientists perspective of genetic engineering?20. Question for thought: What is your opinion of genetically modified organisms? (Answer in at least three complete sentences.)Part 3: The Human Race1. In ________________________________, a massive research effort was started to identify all of the genes in the human genome2. ___________________________ are common to all people, but slight variations between genes in different people make each person ________________________.3. By looking at the gels from an individual’s DNA, scientists realized that each person in the world (except for identical twins) contained a ____________________________ DNA “fingerprint” due to repeated sequences of DNA. These could be used to identify family ___________________________ or identification in criminal cases.4. Frederick Sanger developed a way of determining DNA _________________________. He sequenced the DNA of a _____________________ with ___________________ bases.5. It was thought that human DNA contained _______________________________ bases. It would take _____________________ years using Sanger’s method to sequence the human genome.6. How many billion dollars would it cost to sequence the human genome?7. How many hours would it take to sequence the human genome?8. ________________________ _____________________ went to congress to ask for the money to start the Human Genome Project9. _____________________ ___________________ took over the project after ____________________________________________ got himself into trouble10. ______________________ ________________ got tired of how slow the public project was moving, and proposed using a method called _____________________________ to speed up the process11. What was the name of Venter’s company?12. Many scientists, including Watson, had a problem with genes being _____________________ by a private company13. Who caused a major collapse in the stock market by saying that a private company could not own the human genome?14. _________________________ diplomacy was used to bring together Francis Collins and Craig Venter and stop the fighting between their groups15. There were _______________________ genes than anyone expected to find16. We have only about ___________________ more genes than a mouse, but we combine the very differently17. The Human Genome Project was completed on _________________________, ________________, well ahead of schedulePart 4: Curing Cancer1. Today we know that when the DNA inside our cells is damaged, the cells can become _______________________________2. 30 years ago, many scientists suspected that ______________________________ might be an important cause of cancer3. What did Mary-Claire King notice was the strongest risk for developing breast cancer?4. Where did researchers looking for families that suffered from breast cancer get their information from?5. What chromosome was the gene for inherited breast cancer “mapped” to?6. Approximately how many women in America carry the gene for inherited breast cancer?7. Why did a “race/contest” develop in locating the exact gene responsible for inherited breast cancer?8. Where doctors see one disease (cancer), Botstein and Brown’s micro-array sees _____________________________________________________________9. What was Dr. Druker’s contribution to the fight against CML?10. How you know anyone that has suffered from a form of cancer in your life? If you feel comfortable, please share a little about what type of cancer it was, how it was treated, and the outcome.Part 5: Pandora’s Box1. What is the aim of the scientists at Cold Springs Harbor?2. What was Eugenics called?3. How many women were sterilized under eugenics in the US?4. How was Eugenics put into action in Nazi Germany?5. What can be caused by a single letter change in the genetic code?6. What occurred at the mental hospital?7. Why do you think the president of Germany spoke out against Watson?8. If your unborn child has a genetic issue, would you want to know? Why or why not?9. What do the majority of women who find out they have unborn children with Downs Syndrome do?10. Why is the fact that Watson’s son has a disability seem surprising?11. What did the doctor tell Kay Jamison to do when she asked about having children?12. What is the relation between depression and creativity?13. What do you think is more important: What is good for the country or what is good for the Individual?14. What is on the big piece of paper Watson rolls out?15. What does the machine create? How?16. How does he change the mouse DNA?17. How are mice and humans genetically similar?18. What does Watson think causes stupidity?19. (Follow-up question): Is there such a thing as good genes? What do you think? ................
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