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The Body in MotionBiomechanicsPractical WorkshopBiomechanics- MotionMotion - is the movement from one place to another.Linear Motion - is the movement that occurs when a person or object moves in a straight line (all body parts or object travel at the same time over the same distance over the same speed)Angular motion- is the movement that occurs when a body or object moves in a curved path around a fix pointDistance- is the length of the path taken when a body moves from one point to another. Displacement -is different to distance. It is the movement of a body from one location to another in a particular direction. It is represented by “as the crow flies” and is considerably shorter than the distance.Acceleration- is how quickly velocity changes and can be positive, negative or of zero value.Equation- Acceleration = Final Velocity- Initial Velocity________________________ Final TimeSpeed-Is equal to the distance covered divided by the time taken to cover the distance. For example- a runner covers the 100m track in 12 sec’s, their speed would be determined by dividing the 100 by the time:100----12 = 8.3 metres per secondTask 1Select 4 different sporting activities that involve general motion (combination of linear and angular motion)For each sport, practice the activity and classify the separate movements into linear and angular motionSporting ActivityLinear motionAngular MotionTask 2Aim:To calculate the speed and velocity of a sprinterEquipment:Tape Measure, markers, stopwatches, whistle or starting gun, pencilProcedure: Accurately measure a 100-metre distance. Place markers at the start and at 10m intervals up to 100 metre. A student with a stopwatch stands at each marker and records the time of a sprinter as he or she passes the marker.Record the time, velocity and acceleration for each distance using the formulas.DistanceTime10m20m30m40m50m60m70m80m90m100mUsing the speed and velocity equations, complete the table below.DistanceTimeSpeedVelocity10m20m30m40m50m60m70m80m90m100m Using the acceleration equation, complete the table belowDistanceTimeAcceleration10m20m30m40m50m60m70m80m90m100mResultsOutline some of your findings regarding the athlete’s speed. (Did it change over time? Why do you think it may have changed? When was the athlete fastest?)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Outline some of your findings regarding the athlete’s velocity._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Outline some of your findings regarding the athlete’s acceleration. (Did it change over time? Why do you think it may have changed? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task 3Momentum- the amount of motion that a body possesses. Really only important in sports when a collision occurs.Equation- Momentum = Mass X Velocity For example:You can work out the momentum of a basketball across a court by Momentum of basketball= Mass of the ball (kg) X width of the court_____________ Time (sec)Aim:To calculate the momentum of an object.Equipment:Tape Measure, markers, stopwatches, whistle, penProcedure: Calculate the momentum of the following activities.ActivityCalculationsFinal AnswerShot put Hitting a golf ball with a driverThrowing a tennis ballKicking a soccer ballResultsDiscuss why the momentums calculated vary from one person to another, even though the objects have the same mass.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Explain how the momentum of each object could be increased._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Biomechanics- Balance and StabilityStability- the degree to which a body resist being upset or movedStatic Balance- when a person remains over a relatively fixed basedDynamic Balance- when a person is in motion Centre of Gravity- is the point where all the body weight is concentrated or evenly distributedLine of Gravity- represents the direction gravity acts perpendicular to the earth’s surface through the bodyBase of Support- is the amount of ground that supports you.Task 1In pairs, one person try to push the other off balance when in the following positions. Ensure that the push is gentle and always from the same side.standing with arms above the head on tip toesstanding normallystanding knees bentstanding with feet wide apart to the sidestanding with feet wide apart to the frontkneeling on all foursMark on the continuum the degree of stability for each position A to F__________________________________________________________________________________MostLeast StableStableActivity 2:Using the wooden blocks, gently push each of the blocks over onto their side. There are 5 different type of blocks each having a letter on them.Mark on the continuum the degree of stability for each position A to F__________________________________________________________________________________MostLeast StableStableResultsExplain what effect height had on the centre of gravity on balance and stability.What was the effect of the area of support on balance and stability? Explain.Biomechanics- Fluid MechanicsFluid- is a substance which moves and changes continuously as a result of an applied pressure.Bouyancy- is the loss of weight an object when placed in a liquid.Centre of bouyancy- is the centre of the gravity of the volume of water which the person or object displaces.Drag- is the resistance that acts against a body as it moved through a fluid movement.Magnus Effect- occurs when a spinning object creates a whirlpool or rotating air or liquid around itTask 1Aim:To test the theory of buoyancy/ floatationEquipment:Bucket, water, plastic boat, marble, plastic golf ball, screw/boltProcedure: Fill the bucket with water (3/4 full)Weight each item- record in the tablePlace each item in the bucket waterRecord observationsWeightObservationPlastic boatMarblePlastic golf ballGolf ballScrew/boltResultsWhat did you observe when each object was placed in the water? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Apply the theory of buoyancy to a passenger cruise ship. Why are they able to float when they weight some much?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Biomechanics- ForceForce- causes or has the potentil to cause, divert or slow the movemnet of an object upon which it acts.Newton- the unit used to measure force.Friction- is the force that resists the motion of one surface across another.Centripetal Force- when an object moves along a curved path (a centre-seeking force acts towards the centre rotation)Centrifugal Force- when an object moves along a curved path (a centre-fleeing force acts towards the centre rotation)Summation of Forces-the force produced during the movement in one body part will be added to the force produced by the next body segment, and the next.Force Equation- Force = Mass X AccelerationTask 1Aim:To test the theory of the summation of forcesEquipment:Softball, measuring tapeProcedure: One person will throw the softball from:Using only your wristUsing your wrist and forearmMove only the shoulder, elbow, wrist and forearmHips, shoulder, elbow, forearm and wrist.Add a run up and use all body partsActivityDistanceWristWrist and ForearmShoulder, elbow, wrist and forearmHips, shoulder, elbow, forearm and wrist.Run up and use all body partsResultsDescribe how the number of body parts used influences the distance that the softball travels.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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